En menn munu einnig rannsaka brotalamir og veilur \u00ed stj\u00f3rnskipun og stj\u00f3rnarfari l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins. Sl\u00edmusetur eins flokks \u2013 og raunar l\u00edtillar valdakl\u00edku \u00ed forystu hans \u2013 h\u00e1tt \u00ed tvo \u00e1ratugi samfellt, kann ekki g\u00f3\u00f0ri lukku a\u00f0 st\u00fdra. \u00dea\u00f0 b\u00fd\u00f0ur einfaldlega upp \u00e1 spillingu og n\u00e6rir valdhroka \u00feeirra sem telja sig sm\u00e1m saman e\u00f0alborna til au\u00f0s og valda. Fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar \u2013 e\u00f0a eiga \u00feeir kannski a\u00f0 heita f\u00e1mi\u00f0lar \u2013 \u00ed eigu tveggja au\u00f0k\u00fdfinga e\u00f0a undir h\u00fasb\u00f3ndavaldi Flokksins, \u00ed krafti r\u00edkisins, b\u00e6tir ekki \u00far sk\u00e1k. Illkynja meinsemdir eins og t.d. l\u00f6glaust og si\u00f0laust kv\u00f3takerfi og \u00f3noth\u00e6fur gjaldmi\u00f0ill, f\u00e1 a\u00f0 grafa um sig \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arl\u00edkamanum og eitra \u00fat fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0m\u00e1laumr\u00e6\u00f0an er yfirbor\u00f0skennd og sn\u00fdst um aukaatri\u00f0i, samkv\u00e6mt hinni fr\u00e6gu \u201csmj\u00f6rkl\u00edpua\u00f0fer\u00f0\u201d se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3rans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Margir sem leita a\u00f0 ors\u00f6kum \u00f3faranna nefna til s\u00f6gunnar nokkrar sk\u00fdringartilg\u00e1tur, sem sj\u00e1lfsagt er a\u00f0 taka til sko\u00f0unar: Kv\u00f3takerfi\u00f0, einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingu bankanna, kl\u00edkuvensl f\u00e1mennisins og jafnvel EES-samninginn. \u00d3keypis \u00fathlutun vei\u00f0iheimilda \u2013 sem eru mikil f\u00e9m\u00e6ti – til \u00fatvalins h\u00f3ps \u00fatger\u00f0armanna er sk\u00fdrt d\u00e6mi um si\u00f0lausa stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu. Misbeiting r\u00edkisvaldsins til a\u00f0 skapa sumum forr\u00e9ttindi af \u00feessu tagi br\u00fdtur \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 grundvallarreglur stj\u00f3rnskipunarinnar um atvinnufrelsi og jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir l\u00f6gum. Sl\u00edkt getur a\u00f0eins sta\u00f0ist til skamms t\u00edma og \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed nafni ney\u00f0arr\u00e9ttar. En s\u00fa sta\u00f0reynd a\u00f0 l\u00f6gbundin \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign \u00e1 au\u00f0lindinni er hvorki virt n\u00e9 virk \u00ed framkv\u00e6md, stenst ekki til framb\u00fa\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n
L\u00edta m\u00e1 \u00e1 kv\u00f3taau\u00f0inn, sem tekinn hefur veri\u00f0 \u00fat \u00far skuldsettum sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegi, sem fyrsta heimanmund \u00f3jafna\u00f0ar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins. Fyrir daga kv\u00f3takerfisins voru r\u00edkisbankarnir \u00edslensku eins og hverjir a\u00f0rir sparisj\u00f3\u00f0ir \u2013 venjulegir vi\u00f0skiptabankar. Fyrir tilverkna\u00f0 kv\u00f3taau\u00f0sins og me\u00f0 grei\u00f0um a\u00f0gangi a\u00f0 \u00f3d\u00fdru l\u00e1nsf\u00e9 erlendis, breyttust \u00feeir \u00ed eins konar vogunarsj\u00f3\u00f0i. \u00dear me\u00f0 var\u00f0 til papp\u00edrsau\u00f0ur hinnar n\u00fdr\u00edku yfirst\u00e9ttar. Hinir \u00edslensku \u00f3l\u00edgarkar eiga \u00fea\u00f0 sameiginlegt me\u00f0 s\u00ednum r\u00fassnesku kollegum a\u00f0 eignarhald \u00feeirra \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f0arau\u00f0lindum og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnunum hefur skapa\u00f0 hr\u00e1slagalegt \u00f3jafna\u00f0ar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag heima fyrir og flutt mikinn au\u00f0 \u00far landi.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var l\u00f6ngu t\u00edmab\u00e6rt a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 h\u00e6tti bankarekstri. En undurb\u00faningnum a\u00f0 s\u00f6lu bankanna var \u00e1b\u00f3tavant og a\u00f0fer\u00f0irnar voru v\u00edtaver\u00f0ar. Yfirl\u00fdsingar r\u00e1\u00f0amanna um dreif\u00f0a eignara\u00f0ild st\u00f3\u00f0ust ekki. \u00c1formum um innkomu erlends banka af hagkv\u00e6mnis- og samkeppnis\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um var ekki fylgt eftir.Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var\u00f0 framlenging \u00e1 helmingaskiptareglu Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokks sem var grundvallarregla hinnar spilltu stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu li\u00f0innar aldar.Bankarnir voru afhentir \u00e1 undirver\u00f0i f\u00e1einum \u00fatv\u00f6ldum, sem voru \u00ed \u201cg\u00f3\u00f0u talsambandi vi\u00f0\u201d forystukl\u00edkur stj\u00f3rnarflokkanna. Allt regluverk og eftirlit me\u00f0 starfsemi \u00feeirra var \u00ed sk\u00f6tul\u00edki me\u00f0 \u00feeim aflei\u00f0ingum sem n\u00fa blasa vi\u00f0 sex \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar me\u00f0 hruni fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfisins, falli gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins og gjald\u00feroti Se\u00f0labankans. Sj\u00e1lfsagt eiga krossvensl kl\u00edkusamf\u00e9lagsins, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lum og vi\u00f0skiptum, sinn \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed, hve illa f\u00f3r. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e1 enn eitt d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um nau\u00f0syn \u00feess a\u00f0 opna \u00feetta l\u00edtla samf\u00e9lag upp \u00e1 g\u00e1tt fyrir ve\u00f0ri og vindum utan\u00f0akomandi samkeppni.<\/p>\n
Sumir vilja meina a\u00f0 upphaf \u00f3g\u00e6funnar megi rekja til EES-samningsins, sem gekk \u00ed gildi \u00ed \u00e1rsbyrjun 1994, e\u00f0a fyrir fj\u00f3rt\u00e1n \u00e1rum. Sj\u00e1lfur forseti l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins, hinn r\u00f3ma\u00f0i lofs\u00f6ngvari \u00fatr\u00e1sarau\u00f0k\u00fdfinganna, hefur jafnvel teki\u00f0 undir \u00feennan s\u00f6ng. R\u00f6kin eiga a\u00f0 heita \u00feau a\u00f0 EES-samningurinn feli me\u00f0al annars \u00ed s\u00e9r gagnkv\u00e6man r\u00e9tt til stofnunar fyrirt\u00e6kja, fj\u00e1rfestinga og fj\u00e1rmagnsflutninga yfir landam\u00e6ri \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu \u00f6llu. \u00c1n EES-samningsins hef\u00f0u \u00edslensku bankarnir \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00e1tt r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 hefja starfsemi \u00e1 evrusv\u00e6\u00f0inu, utan \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n
A\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti m\u00e1 l\u00edkja EES-samningnum vi\u00f0 hra\u00f0braut me\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum akreinum \u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0ar \u00e1ttir, sem l\u00f6g\u00f0 er til a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a fyrir umfer\u00f0 f\u00f3lks og varnings og auka um lei\u00f0 umfer\u00f0ar\u00f6ryggi. Er \u00fe\u00e1 r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 gera vegarger\u00f0armanninn \u00e1byrgan fyrir ofsa- e\u00f0a \u00f6lvunarakstri, sem stofnar l\u00edfi og limum vegfarenda \u00ed h\u00e6ttu? Er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00f6kuma\u00f0urinn sj\u00e1lfur sem ber a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 aksturslaginu? Og s\u00e6tir eftir atvikum refsingu l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt, jafnvel \u00f6kuleyfissviftingu? EES-samningurinn greiddi vissulega g\u00f6tu einstaklinga og fyrirt\u00e6kja \u00ed hvers kyns vi\u00f0skiptum \u00e1 st\u00e6rsta fr\u00edverslunarmarka\u00f0i heims. Samningurinn \u00e1tti st\u00f3ran \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed a\u00f0 skapa okkar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arb\u00fai n\u00fd t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til vaxtar, sem kom \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni allri til g\u00f3\u00f0a. En seint ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 sanna\u00f0 fyrir d\u00f3mi a\u00f0 samningurinn beri \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 hruni bankakerfisins fj\u00f3rt\u00e1n \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00derj\u00e1t\u00edu r\u00edki eiga a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu. A\u00f0eins eitt \u00feessara r\u00edkja situr uppi me\u00f0 hruni\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi og \u00f3n\u00fdtan gjaldmi\u00f0il. Bendir \u00fea\u00f0 ekki til \u00feess a\u00f0 vandinn s\u00e9 \u00ed st\u00f3rum dr\u00e1ttum heimat\u00edlb\u00fainn?<\/p>\n
Hitt m\u00e1 til sanns vegar f\u00e6ra a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar hef\u00f0u s\u00fdnt frams\u00fdni og fyrirhyggju \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 feta \u00ed f\u00f3tspor fyrrverandi bandalags\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed EFTA me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 st\u00edga skrefi\u00f0 til fulls og ganga \u00ed Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 og peningam\u00e1lasamstarfi\u00f0 (European Monetary Union) \u00ed framhaldi af \u00fev\u00ed. \u00deetta var s\u00fa stefna sem Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokkurinn undir miinni forystu bo\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni \u00feegar fyrir kosningarnar 1995, fyrir \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00e1rum. S\u00fa var t\u00ed\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar fulln\u00e6g\u00f0um \u00f6llum settum skilyr\u00f0um (um st\u00f6\u00f0u r\u00edkisfj\u00e1rm\u00e1la, r\u00edkisskuldir, vexti og ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu) til \u00feess a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a fullgildir a\u00f0ilar a\u00f0 EMU. Hef\u00f0i \u00feessi lei\u00f0 veri\u00f0 farin hef\u00f0um vi\u00f0 geta\u00f0 skipt \u00fat kr\u00f3nunni fyrir evrur, jafnvel \u00e1\u00f0ur en bankarnir voru einkav\u00e6ddir \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2001 til 2002. Jafnframt hef\u00f0um vi\u00f0 noti\u00f0 styrks af Se\u00f0labanka Evr\u00f3pu sem \u00ferautavarabanka. \u00cdslensku bankarnir hef\u00f0u tr\u00falega vaxi\u00f0 \u00edslenska hagkerfinu yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0 jafnt fyrir \u00fev\u00ed. Og \u00feeir hef\u00f0u allt eins geta\u00f0 lent \u00ed erfi\u00f0leikum vegna of mikillar skuldsetningar eins og reynslan s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 hent hefur einstaka banka og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lafyrirt\u00e6ki \u00e1 evrusv\u00e6\u00f0inu, jafnt sem annars sta\u00f0ar. En \u00fea\u00f0 sem felldi \u00edslensku bankana og lag\u00f0i um lei\u00f0 allt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi \u00cdslands \u00ed r\u00fast var ekki skortur \u00e1 kr\u00f3num \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 var skortur \u00e1 gjaldeyri, s\u00e9rstaklega evrum, til a\u00f0 endurfj\u00e1rmagna skuldirnar.<\/p>\n
\u00c1 \u00fev\u00ed er mikill munur hvort einstaka fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnanir lenda \u00ed erfi\u00f0leikum fyrir \u00e1hrif al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar bankakreppu e\u00f0a a\u00f0 heilt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag ri\u00f0i til falls sem f\u00f3rnalamb gjaldeyriskreppu. S\u00fa sta\u00f0reynd a\u00f0 \u00edslenski gjaldmi\u00f0illinn er hvergi gjaldgengur \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptum og a\u00f0 hann er varnarlaus \u00ed sviptibyljum al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra fj\u00e1rmagnsmarka\u00f0a, var\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfinu a\u00f0 falli. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0ir me\u00f0 traustan gjaldmi\u00f0il og \u00f6flungan bakhjarl eins og t.d. Se\u00f0labanka Evr\u00f3pu geta sta\u00f0ist aflei\u00f0ingar al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar bankakreppu. En sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 sem \u00e1 hvorki noth\u00e6fan gjaldmi\u00f0il n\u00e9 tr\u00faver\u00f0ugan se\u00f0labanka f\u00e6r ekki r\u00f6nd vi\u00f0 reist \u00feegar h\u00fan ver\u00f0ur f\u00f3rnarlamb tv\u00edburakreppu, sem er hvort tveggja \u00ed senn banka- og gjaldmi\u00f0ilskreppa. \u00dea\u00f0 er gengisfall gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins sem hefur leiki\u00f0 okkur har\u00f0ast. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feetta gengisfall gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins sem hefur sett af sta\u00f0 hringekju ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu, okurvaxta, gjald\u00ferota, atvinnuleysis og eignamissis f\u00f3lks og fyrirt\u00e6kja; og ney\u00f0ir \u00cdslendinga n\u00fa til a\u00f0 kn\u00fdja dyra hj\u00e1 hj\u00e1lparstofnunum og grann\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um me\u00f0 betlistaf \u00ed hendi.<\/p>\n
\u00c9g fullyr\u00f0i a\u00f0 me\u00f0 traustan gjaldmi\u00f0il eins og evruna \u00ed h\u00f6ndunum s\u00ed\u00f0astli\u00f0in sex til sj\u00f6 \u00e1r, hef\u00f0u \u00cdslendingar ekki sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim sporum sem \u00feeir standa \u00ed n\u00fa. \u00c1byrg\u00f0 \u00feeirra, sem hafa sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed vegi fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in l\u00e9ti reyna \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 kosti sem by\u00f0ust \u00ed samningum um a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu og um uppt\u00f6ku evru er \u00fev\u00ed mikil. Hruni\u00f0 var nefnilega hvort tveggja \u00ed senn fyrirsj\u00e1anlegt og fyrirbyggjanlegt. Enda ur\u00f0u margir innanlands og utan til \u00feess a\u00f0 vara vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed t\u00e6ka t\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Af \u00f6llum \u00feeim mist\u00f6kum sem leitt hafa til r\u00edkjandi ney\u00f0ar\u00e1stands \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, eru \u00feau mist\u00f6k st\u00e6rst og \u00f6rlagar\u00edkust a\u00f0 hafa ekki leita\u00f0 inng\u00f6ngu \u00ed Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 me\u00f0an allt l\u00e9k \u00ed lyndi og vi\u00f0 g\u00e1tum gengi\u00f0 \u00feanga\u00f0 inn uppr\u00e9ttir sem fullir \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed samstarfi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja Evr\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n
Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0andi afl \u00ed stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0veldist\u00edmanum. S\u00ed\u00f0astli\u00f0in sautj\u00e1n \u00e1r hefur flokkurinn fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 allt \u00ed senn fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0uneyti\u00f0, fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneyti\u00f0 og stj\u00f3rn Se\u00f0labankans(\u00ed pers\u00f3num tvegga fyrrverandi borgarstj\u00f3ra Reykjav\u00edkur). \u00dear me\u00f0 ber Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn \u00f3umdeilanlega h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feeirri efnahagsstefnu, sem n\u00fa hefur be\u00f0i\u00f0 algert skipbrot.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar minnt er \u00e1 \u00feessa sta\u00f0reynd bregst forma\u00f0ur Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins og n\u00faverandi fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 megi ekki per\u00f3nugera vandann. Me\u00f0an allt l\u00e9k \u00ed lyndi og g\u00f3\u00f0\u00e6ri\u00f0 r\u00edkti (\u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 v\u00edsu mestan part teki\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e1ni) \u00fe\u00f3tti sj\u00e1lfsagt a\u00f0 pers\u00f3nugera d\u00fdr\u00f0ina \u00ed pers\u00f3nu Dav\u00ed\u00f0s Oddssonar, fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra (1991-2004). En n\u00fa \u00feegar spilaborgin er hrunin og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arb\u00fai\u00f0 er ein rj\u00fakandi r\u00fast er banna\u00f0 a\u00f0 pers\u00f3nugera vandann. \u00de\u00e1 er ekkert Dav\u00ed\u00f0 a\u00f0 kenna, hvorki sem fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra n\u00e9 Se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ra. \u00dea\u00f0an af s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00feykir kurteislegt a\u00f0 pers\u00f3nugera vandann \u00ed pers\u00f3nu varaformanns flokksins og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra (1998-2006). Umr\u00e6\u00f0an ver\u00f0ur samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu a\u00f0 fara fram undir nafnleynd.<\/p>\n
Hinn aldni hagspekingur Vi\u00f0reisnar, J\u00f3nas H. Haralz, hefur vaki\u00f0 athygli \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1verandi fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra lag\u00f0i ni\u00f0ur \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0hagsstofnun \u00ed einhverju br\u00e6\u00f0ikasti \u00e1ri\u00f0 2002 hafi engin samr\u00e6md hagstj\u00f3rn veri\u00f0 \u00ed landinu. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 hann vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rn r\u00edkisfj\u00e1rm\u00e1la (undir forystu fors\u00e6tis- og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra) og stj\u00f3rn peningam\u00e1la (undir forystu Se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ra) eigi a\u00f0 haldast h\u00f6nd \u00ed h\u00f6nd. Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 me\u00f0 samr\u00e6mdri hagstj\u00f3rn er a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 jafnv\u00e6gi og st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika \u00ed hagkerfinu. Til \u00feess a\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6ki geti\u00f0 vaxi\u00f0 og dafna\u00f0 til lengri t\u00edma liti\u00f0, ekki s\u00edst \u00feau sem byggja afkomu s\u00edna \u00e1 \u00fatflutningi, ver\u00f0a \u00feau a\u00f0 geta reitt sig \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika sj\u00e1lfs gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins umfram allt anna\u00f0. Flestum d\u00f3mb\u00e6rum m\u00f6nnum ber saman um a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi brug\u00f0ist hrapallega \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum sex-sj\u00f6 \u00e1rum.<\/p>\n
L\u00edtum fyrst \u00e1 r\u00edkisfj\u00e1rm\u00e1lin. Vegna st\u00f3rvirkjana fyrir austan og n\u00fdrrar \u00e1lbr\u00e6\u00f0slu \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r var \u00fean\u00feol hagkerfisins spennt til hins \u00fdtrasta. \u00deessar st\u00f3rframkv\u00e6mdir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r innstreymi erlends l\u00e1nsfj\u00e1r sem nam allt a\u00f0 \u00feri\u00f0jungi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slunnar, auk \u00feess sem boginn var spenntur til hins \u00fdtrasta \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0num. Til \u00feess a\u00f0 aftra \u00feenslu og vi\u00f0halda st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika \u00feurfti r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnin a\u00f0 st\u00edga \u00e1 bremsurnar og draga \u00far framkv\u00e6mdum og neyslu \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum svi\u00f0um \u00e1 sama t\u00edma. \u00dea\u00f0 ger\u00f0i h\u00fan ekki. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti, r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnin kynti me\u00f0 r\u00edkisfj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastefnu sinni undir \u00feenslunni. \u00cd framhaldi af einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingu bankanna, sem \u00feegar \u00ed sta\u00f0 h\u00f3fu har\u00f0a samkeppni um marka\u00f0shlutdeild inn- og \u00fatl\u00e1na, h\u00e6kka\u00f0i r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnin ve\u00f0m\u00f6rk fasteignal\u00e1na. \u00dear me\u00f0 hratt h\u00fan af sta\u00f0 svokalla\u00f0ri fasteignaver\u00f0sb\u00f3lu, sem kynti enn frekar undir ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu. \u00datl\u00e1na\u00feenslan h\u00e6kka\u00f0i enn frekar ver\u00f0 fasteigna sem aftur var\u00f0 andlag aukinnar skuldsetningar. Me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti kyntu stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld undir skuldsetningu fyrirt\u00e6kja og heimila me\u00f0 alvarlegum aflei\u00f0ingum s\u00ed\u00f0ar meir, eins og n\u00fa hefur komi\u00f0 \u00e1 daginn.<\/p>\n
\u00deess ber l\u00edka a\u00f0 geta sem vel er gert. Svo sem vera bar nota\u00f0i fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra hluta af s\u00edvaxandi tekjustreymi \u00ed r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0 af s\u00edvaxandi vi\u00f0skiptahalla til a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a ni\u00f0ur skuldir r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0s. En \u00feenslan var or\u00f0in svo mikil a\u00f0 r\u00edkisgeirinn \u00feandist stj\u00f3rnlaust \u00fat, enda \u00f6ll a\u00f0haldssemi l\u00e1tin l\u00f6nd og lei\u00f0. R\u00e1\u00f0uneyti og stofnanir b\u00f3kstaflega t\u00fatnu\u00f0u \u00fat sem aldrei fyrr. Opinberi geirinn st\u00e6kka\u00f0i \u00far um 36% af landsframlei\u00f0slu \u00ed allt a\u00f0 48%, \u00e1 f\u00e1einum \u00e1rum. \u00deetta hefur veri\u00f0 kalla\u00f0 heimsmet \u00ed \u00fat\u00feenslu r\u00edkisb\u00e1knsins undir handlei\u00f0slu fors\u00e6tis- og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins. Man einhver eftir slagor\u00f0inu um b\u00e1kni\u00f0 burt? Var einhver a\u00f0 tala um stefnufestu? \u00deessu til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar voru skattar l\u00e6kka\u00f0ir \u00e1 fyrirt\u00e6ki og fj\u00e1rmagnseigendur, sem j\u00f3k enn \u00e1 \u00feensluna. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta pers\u00f3nuafsl\u00e1ttinn til fr\u00e1dr\u00e1ttar tekjuskatti einstaklinga standa \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00ed ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgunni var skattbyr\u00f0i hinna verst settu hins vegar aukin um lei\u00f0 og kerfi almannatrygginga var l\u00e1ti\u00f0 drabbast ni\u00f0ur me\u00f0 fl\u00f3knum og f\u00e1r\u00e1nlegum sker\u00f0ingar\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um. Heildarni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur s\u00fa a\u00f0 opinberi geirinn , \u00fe.e. R\u00edki og sveitarf\u00e9l\u00f6g, voru \u00e1 fullu vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 kynda undir \u00feenslu og skuldsetningu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arb\u00fasins.<\/p>\n
Og ekki b\u00e6tti peningam\u00e1lastj\u00f3rnin \u00far sk\u00e1k. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2001 setti Se\u00f0labankinn s\u00e9r ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgumarkmi\u00f0 upp \u00e1 2.5% me\u00f0 vikm\u00f6rkum. Skemmst er fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00feessi markmi\u00f0ssetning n\u00e1\u00f0ist aldrei nema skamma hr\u00ed\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00edmabili. Reyndar hefur Se\u00f0labankinn veri\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00f0s fj\u00e1rri \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00e1 yfirl\u00fdstum markmi\u00f0um s\u00ednum sem eitt \u00fat af fyrir sig hefur dregi\u00f0 \u00far tr\u00faver\u00f0ugleika hans. Se\u00f0labankinn hef\u00f0i \u00e1tt a\u00f0 vera s\u00e9rstaklega vel \u00e1 ver\u00f0i gagnvart \u00fatl\u00e1na\u00feenslu bankanna \u00ed framhaldi af einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingu \u00feeirra. Margir bentu \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 fr\u00e1 upphafi a\u00f0 bankinn \u00e6tti a\u00f0 auka bindiskyldu vi\u00f0skiptabankanna til \u00feess a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00fatl\u00e1nagetu \u00feeirra. Se\u00f0labankinn ger\u00f0i \u00fever\u00f6fugt. Hann l\u00e6kka\u00f0i bindiskylduna og \u00fdtti \u00fear me\u00f0 undir \u00feensluna. Se\u00f0labankanum er l\u00edka skylt a\u00f0 hafa n\u00e1kv\u00e6mt eftirlit me\u00f0 lausafj\u00e1rst\u00f6\u00f0u bankanna, sem er \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingarmiki\u00f0 \u00f6ryggisatri\u00f0i, en \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hefur veri\u00f0 alvarlegur misbrestur eins og s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar hafa bent \u00e1.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var \u00fe\u00f3 fyrst og fremst hinn hra\u00f0i v\u00f6xtur bankakerfisins \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingarinnar sem \u00e1tti a\u00f0 vera Se\u00f0labankanum s\u00e9rstakt \u00e1hyggjuefni. Bankakerfi\u00f0 er sagt hafa \u00feanist \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed kringum \u00feri\u00f0jung landsframlei\u00f0slu fyrir einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingu upp \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera undir lokin or\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00f3lffalt \u00edslenska hagkerfi\u00f0. L\u00f6ngu \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feessi ofv\u00f6xtur hlj\u00f3p \u00ed bankakerfi\u00f0, beint fyrir framan nefi\u00f0 \u00e1 Se\u00f0labankanum, \u00e1tti bankinn a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa \u00ed taumana. Anna\u00f0 hvort me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 auka gjaldeyrisfor\u00f0a sinn, \u00feannig a\u00f0 hann g\u00e6ti talist tr\u00faver\u00f0ugur mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 skuldbindingar vi\u00f0skiptabankanna, (sem hef\u00f0i tr\u00falega reynst okkur ofvi\u00f0a); e\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kn\u00fdja einhvern bankanna, og \u00fe\u00e1 helst \u00feann st\u00e6rsta \u00feeirra, til \u00feess a\u00f0 flytja h\u00f6fu\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0var s\u00ednar erlendis, \u00fear sem hann hef\u00f0i starfa\u00f0 \u00ed skj\u00f3li \u00f6flugari se\u00f0labanka og \u00fear me\u00f0 dregi\u00f0 \u00far \u00e1h\u00e6ttu \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins (les: skattgrei\u00f0enda). Se\u00f0labankinn ger\u00f0i hvorugt, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir vi\u00f0varanir d\u00f3mb\u00e6rra manna innanlands og erlendis. Se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ri ber fram \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e1lsb\u00e6tur a\u00f0 hann hafi \u00ed febr\u00faar \u00e1 \u00feessu \u00e1ri vara\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn og stj\u00f3rnendur vi\u00f0skiptabankanna vi\u00f0 yfirvofandi h\u00e6ttu\u00e1standi. Svari\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er a\u00f0 Se\u00f0labankinn \u00e1tti l\u00f6ngu \u00e1\u00f0ur, ekki a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 hafa vara\u00f0 a\u00f0ra vi\u00f0, heldur hef\u00f0i hann \u00e1tt a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa til r\u00e1\u00f0stafana \u00ed t\u00e6ka t\u00ed\u00f0 til a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00feeirri \u00e1h\u00e6ttu sem vi\u00f0skiptavinum bankanna og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arb\u00fainu \u00ed heild stafa\u00f0i af skuldsetningu \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n
Margir hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 st\u00fdrivaxtah\u00e6kkun bankans gat ekki skila\u00f0 miklum \u00e1rangri vi\u00f0 r\u00edkjandi a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. B\u00e6\u00f0i er a\u00f0 langt\u00edmal\u00e1n t.d. \u00c1 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0ismarka\u00f0i eru ver\u00f0trygg\u00f0 og me\u00f0 f\u00f6stum v\u00f6xtum svo a\u00f0 h\u00e6kkun st\u00fdrivaxta hefur l\u00edtil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00feeim marka\u00f0i til skamms t\u00edma. A\u00f0gengi f\u00f3lks og fyrirt\u00e6kja a\u00f0 erlendum l\u00e1num \u00e1 l\u00e1gum v\u00f6xtum fyrir millig\u00f6ngu vi\u00f0skiptabankanna var \u00e1 sama t\u00edma n\u00e6r takmarkalaust. Hins vegar haf\u00f0i h\u00e6kkun st\u00fdrivaxta Se\u00f0labankans fyrirsj\u00e1anleg og \u00f3\u00e6skileg hli\u00f0ar\u00e1hrif. Hinn mikli vaxtamunur milli \u00cdslands og annarra landa vakti athygli gjaldmi\u00f0la- og vaxtamunarbraskara, sem eyg\u00f0u von um skj\u00f3tfenginn gr\u00f3\u00f0a me\u00f0 kaupum \u00e1 \u00edslenskum vaxtabr\u00e9fum. Innstreymi erlends fj\u00e1rmagns var\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00e6kka gengi kr\u00f3nunnar langt umfram langt\u00edmajafnv\u00e6gisgengi.H\u00e1tt gengi kr\u00f3nunnar \u00f6rva\u00f0i innflutning, j\u00f3k \u00e1 skuldsetningu fyrirt\u00e6kja og heimila og magna\u00f0i vi\u00f0skiptahallann.<\/p>\n
Heildar\u00e1hrifin af peningam\u00e1lastj\u00f3rnun Se\u00f0labankans voru \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed reynd \u00fever\u00f6fug \u00e1 vi\u00f0 yfirl\u00fdsta stefnu. Me\u00f0 \u00feessari stefnu var gengisst\u00f6\u00f0ugleika fyrirsj\u00e1anlega stefnt \u00ed vo\u00f0a, auk \u00feess sem kynt var undir neyslu\u00e6\u00f0i, vi\u00f0skiptahalla og skuldsetningu. Undir lokin voru \u00edslensk heimili or\u00f0in hin skuldsettustu \u00ed heiminum.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta var hagkerfi sem bar \u00f6ll ytri merki \u00f3st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika og jafnv\u00e6gisleysis. R\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn og Se\u00f0labanki h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00ed sameiningu, vegna skorts \u00e1 samr\u00e6mdri hagstj\u00f3rn, b\u00fai\u00f0 til falska velmegun sem var mestan part fengin a\u00f0 l\u00e1ni. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1tti l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00fat af bera til \u00feess a\u00f0 spilaborgin hryndi. Um lei\u00f0 og l\u00e1nal\u00ednur erlendra banka brug\u00f0ust, \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar hinnar amr\u00edsku bankakreppu, sem n\u00fa er or\u00f0in al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg, hrundi spilaborgin. S\u00e9rsta\u00f0a \u00cdslands \u00ed \u00feessari bankakreppu er s\u00fa a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar \u00ed heild hrundi til grunna og a\u00f0 gjaldmi\u00f0illinn sj\u00e1lfur var \u00ed frj\u00e1lsu falli, uns hann brotlenti me\u00f0 \u00f3sk\u00f6pum.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an af \u00feeirri efnahagsstefnu, sem Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn ber h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 s.l. Sautj\u00e1n \u00e1r. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki bara a\u00f0 fors\u00e6tis- og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herrum flokksins, item se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ra, hafi veri\u00f0 mislag\u00f0ar hendur. \u00deeir skilja beinl\u00ednis vi\u00f0 hagkerfi\u00f0 \u00ed rj\u00fakandi r\u00fast eins og \u00fea\u00f0 hafi lent \u00ed str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1t\u00f6kum e\u00f0a n\u00e1tt\u00faruhamf\u00f6rum. \u00dear me\u00f0 er Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn or\u00f0inn a\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edsku \u00ferotab\u00fai, sem \u00e6tti sj\u00e1lfur a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 s\u00f3ma sinn \u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f3ska eftir grei\u00f0slust\u00f6\u00f0vun og gjald\u00ferotame\u00f0fer\u00f0. Ella ver\u00f0a kj\u00f3sendur a\u00f0 taka af honum \u00f3maki\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Hvers vegna hefur Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fevert \u00ed vegi fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in g\u00e6ti l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 reyna, hvort br\u00fdnustu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arhagsmunum v\u00e6ri betur borgi\u00f0 me\u00f0 a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu og uppt\u00f6ku evru?<\/p>\n
Hvers vegna hafa forystumenn flokksins ekki vilja\u00f0 heyra \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 minnst, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt meirihluti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar og meirihluti \u00feeirra eigin kj\u00f3senda hafi l\u00f6ngum vilja\u00f0 l\u00e1ta \u00e1 \u00feetta reyna? Hvers vegna \u00feverskallast forystumenn flokksins vi\u00f0 \u00f6llum sl\u00edkum kr\u00f6fum, \u00fe\u00f3tt flestir forv\u00edgismenn \u00edslensks atvinnu- og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lal\u00edfs, sem reyndar gera flokkinn \u00fat, hafi sn\u00faist \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 sveif me\u00f0 vaxandi \u00feunga \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0?<\/p>\n
Er \u00feetta ekki \u00ed \u00f3samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 vi\u00f0teknu kenningu (e\u00f0a go\u00f0s\u00f6gn) a\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn hafi \u00e6vinlega haft forg\u00f6ngu um n\u00e1nara samstarf \u00cdslendinga vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00e1 svi\u00f0i verslunar og vi\u00f0skipta, \u00feegar \u00e1 hefur reynt? E\u00f0a er s\u00fa kenning bara b\u00e1bylja sem stenst ekki n\u00e1nari sko\u00f0un? Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn \u00edslenski er eini h\u00e6gri flokkurinn \u00ed gervallri Evr\u00f3pu sem hefur forhertst \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u sinni vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu. Meira a\u00f0 segja breska \u00edhaldinu dettur ekki \u00ed hug a\u00f0 segja St\u00f3ra Bretland \u00far Evr\u00f3pusambandinu, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir hafi einatt allt \u00e1 hornum s\u00e9r \u00fear innan dyra. Til \u00feess eru vi\u00f0skiptahagsmunir Breta af Evr\u00f3pusambandsa\u00f0ild allt of r\u00edkir. Hva\u00f0 veldur \u00feessari s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00edslenska \u00edhaldsflokksins \u00ed reynd?<\/p>\n
Sannleikurinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 kenningin um forystuhlutverk Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er var\u00f0ar n\u00e1nara samstarf vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00e1 grundvelli fr\u00edverslunar stenst illa n\u00e1nari sko\u00f0un. \u00de\u00f3tt Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn hafi haft \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0a forystu um inng\u00f6nguna \u00ed NATO og varnarsamstarfi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma, gildir ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sama um frelsi \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptum.<\/p>\n
Lengst af s\u00f6gu sinnar hefur Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn veri\u00f0 r\u00edkisforsj\u00e1r \u2013 og haftaflokkur, \u00ed helmingaskiptum vi\u00f0 Frams\u00f3knarflokkinn. Valdakerfi flokksins var beinl\u00ednis byggt upp \u00ed kringum r\u00edkisforsj\u00e1 og p\u00f3lit\u00edska stj\u00f3rnun \u00e1 r\u00edkisb\u00f6nkum og sj\u00f3\u00f0um. \u00dea\u00f0 borga\u00f0i sig fyrir atvinnurekendur a\u00f0 vera \u00ed Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokknum. Og \u00fea\u00f0 gat n\u00e1lgast a\u00f0 vera refsivert ath\u00e6fi a\u00f0 vera \u00fea\u00f0 ekki. St\u00f3ra undantekningin fr\u00e1 r\u00edkisforsj\u00e1rstefnu Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins var Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rnin 1959-71. Hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull a\u00f0 auknu frj\u00e1lsr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptal\u00edfinu innan Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rnarinnar var Gylfi \u00de. G\u00edslason, forma\u00f0ur Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins og vi\u00f0skiptar\u00e1\u00f0herra Vi\u00f0reisnar. Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rnin afnam gjaldeyrish\u00f6ft, skr\u00e1\u00f0i gengi\u00f0 r\u00e9tt og j\u00f3k frelsi \u00ed innflutningi. En \u00fev\u00ed voru \u00fer\u00f6ng takm\u00f6rk sett sem Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokkurinn gat tosa\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokknum \u00ed \u00e1tt til aukins frj\u00e1lsr\u00e6\u00f0is. \u00dea\u00f0 var einmitt \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum sem landb\u00fana\u00f0urinn var \u00ed s\u00edvaxandi m\u00e6li ger\u00f0ur \u00fat \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 skattgrei\u00f0enda (\u00fatflutningsb\u00e6tur). R\u00edkisvaldi\u00f0 \u00e1kva\u00f0 fiskver\u00f0. Hvort tveggja gengi gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins og vextir inn- og \u00fatl\u00e1na var \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 af p\u00f3lit\u00edkusum. \u00datflutningurinn var h\u00e1\u00f0ur p\u00f3lit\u00edskum leyfisveitingum. Steingr\u00edmur Hermannsson segir fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed \u00e6vis\u00f6gu sinni a\u00f0 me\u00f0al verkefna \u00ed fyrstu samsteypustj\u00f3rn sem hann t\u00f3k \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed hafi veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0a ver\u00f0 \u00e1 k\u00f3k og prins p\u00f3l\u00f3.<\/p>\n
Allt var \u00feetta r\u00edkisforsj\u00e1rkerfi ni\u00f0urnj\u00f6rva\u00f0 \u00fat \u00ed ystu \u00e6sar samkv\u00e6mt helmingaskiptareglu Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokks og Frams\u00f3knar: \u00deetta handa okkur \u2013 hitt handa S\u00cdS. Hlunnindum \u00e1 vegum r\u00edkisins var \u00fathluta\u00f0 eftir p\u00f3lit\u00edskum ver\u00f0leikum. Skj\u00f3lst\u00e6\u00f0ingar flokkanna h\u00f6f\u00f0u forgang um l\u00e1nveitingar \u00far b\u00f6nkunum sem lutu stj\u00f3rn p\u00f3lit\u00edskra bankastj\u00f3ra og bankar\u00e1\u00f0a. L\u00e1nin voru \u00f3ver\u00f0trygg\u00f0 \u00ed 35-40% ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu og \u00fev\u00ed eftirs\u00f3tt g\u00e6\u00f0i; n\u00e1nast p\u00f3lit\u00edsk gjafavara. \u00deetta kerfi h\u00e9lt velli og f\u00e6r\u00f0ist raunar \u00ed aukana, eftir fall Vi\u00f0reisnar 1971 og \u00e1 frams\u00f3knar\u00e1ratugunum sem t\u00f3ku vi\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en ver\u00f0trygging fj\u00e1rskuldbindinga og raunvextir komu til s\u00f6gunnar og kollv\u00f6rpu\u00f0u S\u00cdS, sem haf\u00f0i undir lokin lifa\u00f0 af n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu vegna p\u00f3lit\u00edskrar fyrirgrei\u00f0slu, a\u00f0 helmingaskiptakerfi flokkanna skekktist \u00e1 grunninum og hrundi loks saman.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var reyndar \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0 vinstristj\u00f3rnar Steingr\u00edms Hermannssonar (1988-91)sem fyrstu skrefin \u00ed frj\u00e1lsr\u00e6\u00f0is\u00e1tt voru tekin \u00e1 n\u00fd: Frelsi \u00ed \u00fatflutningi, afn\u00e1m gjaldeyrishafta og takmarka\u00f0 frelsi til fj\u00e1rmagnsfllutninga milli landa; einkav\u00e6\u00f0ing \u00dativegsbankans og sameining banka. S\u00ed\u00f0ast ekki s\u00edst EES-samningurinn sj\u00e1lfur, sem breytti \u00f6llu efnahagsumhverfi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00ed frj\u00e1lsr\u00e6\u00f0is\u00e1tt.<\/p>\n
Stiklum \u00e1 st\u00f3ru um stefnu Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins \u00ed Evr\u00f3pum\u00e1lum \u00e1 s.l. Tveimur \u00e1ratugum. Segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson hafi hafi\u00f0 landsm\u00e1laferil sinn sem forma\u00f0ur aldam\u00f3tanefndar Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins, \u00fear sem hann lag\u00f0i eindregi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 \u00cdsland stefndi a\u00f0 inng\u00f6ngu \u00ed Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feetta vegarnesti Dav\u00ed\u00f0s var Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0u (1988-91), undir forystu \u00deorsteins P\u00e1lssonar, andv\u00edgur EES-samningnum. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn bo\u00f0u\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ismenn tv\u00edhli\u00f0a fr\u00edverslunarsamning vi\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 um fisk, sem \u00feeir vissu allan t\u00edmann a\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0 ekki til bo\u00f0a. \u00deannig hiku\u00f0u \u00feeir ekki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arhagsmuni v\u00edkja fyrir meintum flokkshagsmunum.
\n\u00deegar Frams\u00f3knarflokkur og Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubandalag hlupust undan \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 EES-samningnum fyrir kosningar 1991, \u00e1tti \u00e9g ekki annarra kosta v\u00f6l en a\u00f0 semja vi\u00f0 Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson um stj\u00f3rnarmyndun til a\u00f0 tryggja framgang EES-samningsins. Dav\u00ed\u00f0 tv\u00edn\u00f3na\u00f0i ekki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 falla fr\u00e1 stefnu flokks s\u00edns \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0u og sty\u00f0ja EES-samninginn, sem flokkurinn haf\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur l\u00fdst sig andv\u00edgan, til \u00feess a\u00f0 komast \u00ed stj\u00f3rn. Enn og aftur var \u00fea\u00f0 valdasta\u00f0a flokksins sem skipti mestu m\u00e1li. Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0iflokkurinn haf\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed ekkert frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 EES-samningnum og l\u00e9t aldrei brj\u00f3ta \u00e1 s\u00e9r \u00ed m\u00e1linu. \u00deegar mestur styrr st\u00f3\u00f0 um EES-samninginn fyrir kosningarnar 1991, f\u00f3r Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn me\u00f0 l\u00f6ndum. \u00deeir \u00f3ttu\u00f0ust klofning. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki a\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulausu. \u00dea\u00f0 var h\u00f6r\u00f0 andsta\u00f0a vi\u00f0 samninginn \u00ed landsbygg\u00f0ararmi Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins allan t\u00edmann, \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1tti vart t\u00e6para standa a\u00f0 samningurinn hlyti meirihlutastu\u00f0ning \u00e1 \u00feingi (33 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i gegn 23, og 7 s\u00e1tu hj\u00e1).<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var ekki s\u00edst fyrir \u00e1hrif EES-samningsins sem \u00cdsland n\u00e1\u00f0i s\u00e9r aftur \u00e1 skri\u00f0 eftir lengsta samdr\u00e1ttarskei\u00f0 \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0veldist\u00edmanum (1988-94). EES-samingurinn er ekki bara venjulegur fr\u00edverslunarsamningur sem tryggir okkur n\u00e6r \u00f3takmarka\u00f0an marka\u00f0sa\u00f0gang \u00e1 st\u00e6rsta fr\u00edverslunarsv\u00e6\u00f0i heimsins. Vaxtarh\u00f6mlur hins \u00f6rf\u00e1menna heimamarka\u00f0ar hurfu \u00e1 svipstundu. \u00cdslenskum fyrirt\u00e6kjum opnu\u00f0ust n\u00fd t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri \u00e1 \u00ferj\u00fa hundru\u00f0 millj\u00f3na manna heimamarka\u00f0i. S\u00f6mu reglur giltu \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu \u00f6llu um v\u00f6ruvi\u00f0skipti, fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamarka\u00f0i og \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i, auk \u00feess sem samkeppnisreglur f\u00e6r\u00f0ust \u00ed svipa\u00f0 horf. \u00deetta skapa\u00f0i forsendur fyrir n\u00fdju framfaraskei\u00f0i, sem ekki l\u00e9t \u00e1 s\u00e9r standa.<\/p>\n
Af p\u00f3lit\u00edskum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um \u00e1ttu a\u00f0standendur EES-samningsins, sem fyrst og fremst var a\u00f0 finna me\u00f0al stu\u00f0ningsf\u00f3lks Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins og Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins, fullt \u00ed fangi me\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggja honum framgang me\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni og \u00e1 Al\u00feingi. Andst\u00e6\u00f0ingar samningsins \u00fathr\u00f3pu\u00f0u hann sem landr\u00e1\u00f0agerning; \u00feeir s\u00f6g\u00f0u hann t\u00e1kna endalok sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is og framsal fullveldis; \u00feeir h\u00e9ldu \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00fatlendir vei\u00f0iflotar mundu leggja undir sig \u00cdslandsmi\u00f0, a\u00f0 n\u00e1tt\u00faruperlur og laxvei\u00f0i\u00e1r mundu f\u00e6rast \u00ed eigu \u00fatlendinga og a\u00f0 landi\u00f0 mundi fyllast af erlendu verkaf\u00f3lki.Ekkert af \u00feessu \u00e1tti \u00fe\u00e1 vi\u00f0 r\u00f6k a\u00f0 sty\u00f0jast. En \u00fea\u00f0 er hollt a\u00f0 minnast \u00feessa m\u00e1lflutnings \u00ed a\u00f0draganda n\u00e6stu kosninga sem v\u00e6ntanlega munu sn\u00faast fyrst og fremst um eitt m\u00e1l: A\u00f0ild \u00cdslands a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu og uppt\u00f6ku evru.\u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur ekki allt \u00ed anda kristilegs br\u00f3\u00f0ur\u00feels sem \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur l\u00e1ti\u00f0 flakka af h\u00e1lfu \u00feeirra sem \u00feykjast bera \u00edslenskt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0erni utan \u00e1 s\u00e9r umfram anna\u00f0 f\u00f3lk. Minnumst hins fornkve\u00f0na a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0remban er \u00e6vinlega seinasta athvarf sk\u00farksins \u00ed allri p\u00f3lit\u00edk.<\/p>\n
N\u00fa eru li\u00f0in fj\u00f3rt\u00e1n \u00e1r \u2013 \u00ferj\u00fa og h\u00e1lft kj\u00f6rt\u00edmabil \u2013 fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 EES-samningurinn gekk \u00ed gildi. Hinga\u00f0 til hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 n\u00e6r \u00e1greiningslaust a\u00f0 samningurinn hafi reynst \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi \u00f6flug lyftist\u00f6ng til alhli\u00f0a framfara. Meira a\u00f0 segja \u00feeir sem voru har\u00f0ir andst\u00e6\u00f0ingar samningsins og fundu honum flest til for\u00e1ttu hafa, eftir \u00e1 a\u00f0 hyggja og a\u00f0 fenginni reynslu, sungi\u00f0 samningnum lof og pr\u00eds. Helstu r\u00f6k andst\u00e6\u00f0inga Evr\u00f3pusambandsa\u00f0ildar \u00ed \u00f6llum flokkum hafa reyndar veri\u00f0 \u00feau a\u00f0 EES-samningurinn v\u00e6ri svo g\u00f3\u00f0ur og trygg\u00f0i svo vel hagsmuni \u00cdslands \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00f3\u00fearfi a\u00f0 st\u00edga skrefi\u00f0 til fulls. Vi\u00f0 nytum flestra \u00feeirra r\u00e9ttinda sem Evr\u00f3pusambandsa\u00f0ild mundi veita okkur (a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 innri marka\u00f0i Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 jafnr\u00e9ttisgrundvelli), \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feurfa a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 okkur \u00ed\u00feyngjandi skuldbindingar \u00e1 m\u00f3ti.<\/p>\n
Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokkurinn t\u00f3k af skari\u00f0 \u00feegar fyrir kosningar 1995 um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00cdsland \u00e6tti a\u00f0 semja um a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu og a\u00f0 taka upp evru \u00ed sta\u00f0 kr\u00f3nu um lei\u00f0 og vi\u00f0 fulln\u00e6g\u00f0um settum skilyr\u00f0um. Samfylkingin, sem var myndu\u00f0 vi\u00f0 samruna f\u00f3lks, sem \u00e1\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i fylgt \u00feremur flokkum a\u00f0 m\u00e1lum, \u00fe.e. Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokki, Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubandalagi og Kvennalista, erf\u00f0i Evr\u00f3pustefnu Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins og hefur fylgt henni s\u00ed\u00f0an, \u00fe\u00f3tt me\u00f0 hangandi hendi s\u00e9. Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn, undir forystu Dav\u00ed\u00f0s Oddssonar og s\u00ed\u00f0ar Geirs Haarde, hefur hins vegar sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti. Vinstri gr\u00e6n eru samkv\u00e6mt stefnuskr\u00e1 sinni andv\u00edg Evr\u00f3pusambandsa\u00f0ild, \u00fe\u00f3tt br\u00e1tt kunni a\u00f0 renna \u00e1 \u00feau tv\u00e6r gr\u00edmur. Frams\u00f3knarflokkurinn hefur veri\u00f0 tv\u00ed\u00e1tta. Undir forystu Halld\u00f3rs \u00c1gr\u00edmssonar da\u00f0ra\u00f0i flokksforystan d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hugsanlega Evr\u00f3pusambandsa\u00f0ild, \u00e1n \u00feess \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 verulegur hugur fylgdi m\u00e1li. N\u00fa er hins vegar svo komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandsandsta\u00f0an hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 f.v. Formanni flokksins, Gu\u00f0na \u00c1g\u00fastssyni, a\u00f0 f\u00f3takefli. Hann er stokkinn fr\u00e1 bor\u00f0i en flokkurinn mun v\u00e6ntanlega taka stefnuna \u00e1 Evr\u00f3\u00f0usambandsa\u00f0ild \u00e1 flokks\u00feingi \u00ed jan\u00faar n.k. Frj\u00e1lslyndi flokkurinn stendur n\u00fa fyrir sko\u00f0anak\u00f6nnun me\u00f0al fylgismanna sinna, sem ver\u00f0ur birt innan t\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n
St\u00e6rstu t\u00ed\u00f0indin eru hins vegar \u00feau a\u00f0 n\u00fa er brostinn \u00e1 fl\u00f3tti me\u00f0al andst\u00e6\u00f0inga Evr\u00f3pusambandsa\u00f0ildar \u00ed \u00feingflokki Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins. Samkv\u00e6mt sko\u00f0anak\u00f6nnunum er flokkurinn a\u00f0 v\u00edsu r\u00fainn trausti og fylgi. Forystumenn hans gera s\u00e9r helst vonir um a\u00f0 \u00feeir geti st\u00f6\u00f0va\u00f0 fylgishruni\u00f0 og endurheimt glata\u00f0 fylgi me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 k\u00favenda enn einu sinni \u00ed Evr\u00f3pum\u00e1lum. Flestir sp\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e1 landsfundi flokksins \u00ed lok jan\u00faar \u00e1 n\u00e6sta \u00e1ri ver\u00f0i stefnubreytingin formlega sta\u00f0fest.<\/p>\n
\u00dear me\u00f0 hef\u00f0i p\u00f3lit\u00edsk arfleif\u00f0 Dav\u00ed\u00f0s Oddssonar be\u00f0i\u00f0 endanlegt skipbrot: Efnahagsstefnan leiddi til ney\u00f0ar\u00e1stands; peningam\u00e1lastefnan leiddi til hruns fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfisins og falls gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins; og andsta\u00f0an vi\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandsa\u00f0ild og uppt\u00f6ku evru hefur hinga\u00f0 til komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir fyrirbyggjandi bj\u00f6rgunarr\u00e1\u00f0stafanir. \u00deetta er tr\u00falega st\u00e6rsta p\u00f3lit\u00edskt \u00ferotab\u00fa \u00cdslandss\u00f6gunnar.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00deessi dapurlega ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a hefur \u00e1samt \u00f6\u00f0ru afsanna\u00f0 tv\u00e6r l\u00edfseigar kenningar um \u00edslensk stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l: S\u00fa fyrri er a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ism\u00f6nnum s\u00e9 betur treystandi fyrir fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lum r\u00edkisins en \u00f6\u00f0rum af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi vit \u00e1 peningum.\u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf meira en me\u00f0alkokhreysti til \u00feess a\u00f0 dirfast a\u00f0 halda fram sl\u00edkri firru upp \u00ed opi\u00f0 ge\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 grei\u00f0slu\u00ferota \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 eftir sautj\u00e1n \u00e1ra fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastj\u00f3rn sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ismanna.
\nHin kenningin er s\u00fa a\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn taki \u00e6vinlega forystu fyrir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni \u00feegar \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 reynir a\u00f0 taka erfi\u00f0ar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um n\u00e1nara samstarf vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00e1 svi\u00f0i vi\u00f0skipta og efnahagsm\u00e1la. S\u00fa kenning stenst reyndar ekki d\u00f3m sta\u00f0reyndanna. Hringlandah\u00e1ttur Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins \u00ed Evr\u00f3pum\u00e1lum hefur veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 endemum. \u00dea\u00f0 er fjarst\u00e6\u00f0a a\u00f0 kenna flokkinn vi\u00f0 stefnufestu \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed svi\u00f0i. Sta\u00f0reyndirnar tala s\u00ednu m\u00e1li \u00ed \u00feessu efni. Getuleysi forystu Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins til \u00feess a\u00f0 taka vandasamar en erfi\u00f0ar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um n\u00e1nara samstarf vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edki \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 efnahagssvi\u00f0inu hefur reynst \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni d\u00fdrkeypt. S\u00fa sta\u00f0reynd a\u00f0 \u00f3ttinn vi\u00f0 klofning flokksins hefur r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 meiru en skyldur\u00e6knin vi\u00f0 hagsmuni \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar \u00ed \u00feessu m\u00e1li er \u00feungur \u00e1fellisd\u00f3mur yfir Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokknum, sem mun fylgja honum um \u00f3komna framt\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Hrun efnahagsl\u00edfsins, sem \u00edslenska \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in upplifir n\u00fa me\u00f0 vaxandi s\u00e1rsauka fr\u00e1 degi til dags, \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 framvegis ver\u00f0ur ekkert eins og var. N\u00fa ver\u00f0ur ekki lengur undan \u00fev\u00ed vikist a\u00f0 horfast undanbrag\u00f0alaust \u00ed augu vi\u00f0 sta\u00f0reyndir um \u00fea\u00f0 sem mi\u00f0ur hefur fari\u00f0 \u00ed okkar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edfi og vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum hinga\u00f0 til vilja\u00f0 lei\u00f0a hj\u00e1 okkur e\u00f0a l\u00e1ti\u00f0 liggja milli hluta.<\/p>\n
Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 uppr\u00e6ta hina eitru\u00f0u spillingu kl\u00edkuveldisins, sem lengst af hefur vi\u00f0gengist \u00ed venslum stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la og vi\u00f0skipta \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0veldist\u00edmanum. Hrun bankanna \u00e1 tr\u00falega eftir a\u00f0 afhj\u00fapa \u00fdmislegt sem \u00feolir l\u00edtt dagsins lj\u00f3s. \u00d3e\u00f0lilegt \u00fatl\u00e1naaukning bankanna seinustu m\u00e1nu\u00f0ina fyrir hrun til eignarhaldsf\u00e9laga \u00ed eigu fork\u00f3lfa helstu au\u00f0kl\u00edkna vekur upp spurningar um hva\u00f0 var\u00f0 af \u00feessum gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegu fj\u00e1rmunum? Mun \u00feeirra sj\u00e1 sta\u00f0 \u00ed raunverulegum eignum au\u00f0k\u00fdfinganna erlendis? E\u00f0a rann st\u00f3r hluti \u00feessara fj\u00e1rmuna eftir leynilegum lei\u00f0um inn \u00e1 felureikninga gervif\u00e9laga \u00ed skattaparad\u00edsum \u00ed Karab\u00edska hafinu, \u00e1 K\u00fdpur og v\u00ed\u00f0ar?<\/p>\n
Erlendir a\u00f0ilar sem f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 rannsaka ferla r\u00fassneskra maf\u00edupeninga um Nor\u00f0url\u00f6nd beina sj\u00f3num s\u00ednum a\u00f0 eignarhaldsf\u00e9l\u00f6gum r\u00fassneskra maf\u00eduforingja \u00e1 eyjum \u00ed Kar\u00edbahafi. \u00cd lei\u00f0inni hafa \u00feeir reki\u00f0 augun \u00ed fj\u00f6lda eignarhaldsf\u00e9laga, \u00fear sem r\u00e1\u00f0a m\u00e1 \u00ed \u00edslenskan uppruna \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir n\u00e1i\u00f0 samb\u00fdli vi\u00f0 r\u00fassneska \u00f3l\u00edgarka. Mun ranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 starfsh\u00e1ttum \u00edslensku bankanna h\u00e9r heima og erlendis fyrir hrun \u00feeirra lei\u00f0a \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 \u00fear hafi veri\u00f0 \u00e1stundu\u00f0 vi\u00f0skipti b\u00e1\u00f0um megin vi\u00f0 landam\u00e6ri hins gl\u00e6psamlega? Mun sl\u00edk ranns\u00f3kn einnig lei\u00f0a \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 vottun virtra endursko\u00f0unarfyrirt\u00e6kja um fj\u00e1rhagslegt heilbrig\u00f0i bankanna var ekki papp\u00edrsins vir\u00f0i? \u00c1 \u00fea\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 daginn a\u00f0 t\u00f6k f\u00e1einna au\u00f0j\u00f6fra \u00e1 \u00f6llum helstu au\u00f0suppsprettum \u00edslensks efnahagsl\u00edfs og stofnunum \u00feeirra voru sl\u00edk a\u00f0 \u00feeir komust upp me\u00f0 hva\u00f0 sem var \u00ed skj\u00f3li leynilegs valds yfir m\u00f6nnum og stofnunum?<\/p>\n
Hvernig voru kl\u00edkuvenslin milli stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laforystunnar og vi\u00f0skiptaj\u00f6franna \u00fear sem \u00e1 reyndi bak vi\u00f0 birg\u00f0ar dyr? Var \u00fear s\u00f6mu s\u00f6gu a\u00f0 segja \u00e1 landsv\u00edsu og gilti \u00e1 sveitarstj\u00f3rnarstiginu um hre\u00f0jat\u00f6k fj\u00e1rfesta og verktaka \u00e1 sveitarstj\u00f3rnarm\u00f6nnum? Ver\u00f0ur ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an s\u00fa a\u00f0 innvi\u00f0ir og a\u00f0alstofnanir \u00edslenska l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins hafi veri\u00f0 gegnrotnar af spillingu? Var \u00feetta eitthva\u00f0 sem okkur bau\u00f0 \u00ed grun a\u00f0 g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 satt en \u00feor\u00f0um ekki a\u00f0 horfast \u00ed augu vi\u00f0? Er t\u00edmi til kominn a\u00f0 efna til allsherjar hreingerningar \u00e1 stofnunum \u00edslenska l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins og moka \u00fat \u00f6llum sk\u00edtnum sem \u00fear hefur hla\u00f0ist upp \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 \u00e1fer\u00f0arfalleg fortj\u00f6ld.<\/p>\n
Vi\u00f0 getum ekki lengur slegi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 frest a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 r\u00edkisins og grundvallar\u00fe\u00e6tti stj\u00f3rnskipunarinnar. \u00de\u00e6r stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rbreytingar sem eru mest a\u00f0kallandi fyrir n\u00e6stu kosningar eru \u00feessar: \u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i sem felur \u00ed s\u00e9r heimild til Al\u00feingis og r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar um a\u00f0 \u00cdsland geti teki\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu samstarfi sem kve\u00f0ur \u00e1 um takmarka\u00f0 fullveldisframsal gegn hlutdeild \u00ed sam\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu valdi fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnana eins og t.d. ESB. Hitt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a upp \u00far um \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 afdr\u00e1ttarlausum h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindir innan \u00edslenskrar l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu svo sem fiskistofnar og orkulindir, s\u00e9u \u00e6varandi sameign \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar.<\/p>\n
N\u00fa er t\u00edmi til kominn a\u00f0 dusta ryki\u00f0 af g\u00f6mlum till\u00f6gum um a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa beri fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra r\u00edkisins beinni kosningu (franska kerfi\u00f0) eins og Vilmundur lag\u00f0i til for\u00f0um daga; og a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0kj\u00f6rinn fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra velji s\u00e9r s\u00ed\u00f0an r\u00e1\u00f0herra utan \u00feings sem beri \u00e1byrg\u00f0 fyrir \u00feinginu. Enginng egni emb\u00e6tti fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra lengur en tv\u00f6 kj\u00f6rt\u00edmabil. Forsetaemb\u00e6tti\u00f0 er pjattr\u00f3fuemb\u00e6tti sem \u00fej\u00f3nar engum tilgangi, en getur or\u00f0i\u00f0 til ama og lei\u00f0inda sem s\u00fdnishorn s\u00fdndarmennsku og uppskafnings \u00feegar verst l\u00e6tur. \u00dea\u00f0 ber \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 afnema. Forseta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feingsins ver\u00f0i framvegis fali\u00f0 a\u00f0 annast gestam\u00f3tt\u00f6ku \u00e1 vegum r\u00edkisins.<\/p>\n
Al\u00feingi hefur brug\u00f0ist. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur reynst vera umkomulaus samasta\u00f0ur fyrir \u00e1hrifalitlar m\u00e1lfunda\u00e6fingar en er a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti undird\u00e1nug afgrei\u00f0slustofnun framkv\u00e6mdavaldsins. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 breyta kosningakerfinu. Vi\u00f0 eigum a\u00f0 afnema pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r, sem eru gr\u00f3\u00f0rarst\u00eda spillingar, og hafa auk \u00feess reynst \u00f3f\u00e6r um a\u00f0 beina h\u00e6fileikaf\u00f3lki a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la\u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku. Anna\u00f0hvort er a\u00f0 taka upp einmenningskj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi, sem tryggir pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6r, en mun v\u00e6ntanlega lei\u00f0a til tveggja flokka kerfis a\u00f0 ensk\/amer\u00edskum si\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur mikla annmarka. Betra v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 fara a\u00f0 ford\u00e6mi \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0verja og kj\u00f3sa helming \u00feingmanna pers\u00f3nukj\u00f6ri en helming me\u00f0 hlutfallskosningum \u00e1 landsv\u00edsu. Auk \u00feess \u00e6tti a\u00f0 f\u00e6kka \u00feingm\u00f6nnum um helming en tryggja \u00feeim a\u00f0sto\u00f0armenn \u00ed sta\u00f0inn um lei\u00f0 og strangari kr\u00f6fur eru ger\u00f0ar um l\u00f6ggjafarhlutverk \u00feingsins.
\nR\u00e1\u00f0uneytin \u00fearf a\u00f0 stokka upp og f\u00e6kka r\u00e1\u00f0herrum \u00ed fimm til sj\u00f6. Setja ver\u00f0ur miklu strangari reglur um val \u00ed opinberar tr\u00fana\u00f0arst\u00f6\u00f0ur og her\u00f0a vi\u00f0url\u00f6g vi\u00f0 brotum \u00e1 \u00feeim reglum. R\u00e1\u00f0uneytin og stofnanir r\u00edkisins eru n\u00fa fullar af f\u00f3lki sem hefur \u00fea\u00f0 til s\u00edns \u00e1g\u00e6tis helst a\u00f0 geta hampa\u00f0 vi\u00f0eigandi flokkssk\u00edrteini. Yfirleitt hefur duga\u00f0 a\u00f0 tilheyra Flokknum. Grunur um h\u00e6fni til sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0rar hugsunar hefur yfirleitt reynst vera alvarlegt handikapp.<\/p>\n
\u00cd lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00e1mi\u00f0lar \u00ed eigu au\u00f0k\u00fdfinga eru h\u00e6ttulegir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu, svo sem reynslan s\u00fdnir b\u00e6\u00f0i h\u00e9r og \u00ed R\u00fasslandi , ber a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a hlutverk r\u00edkisfj\u00f6lmi\u00f0ilsins. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 breyta r\u00edkis\u00fatvarpinu \u00ed sj\u00e1lfseignarstofnun og beita \u00f6llum r\u00e1\u00f0um til a\u00f0 auka faglegt sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i stofnunarinnar. Um lei\u00f0 ber a\u00f0 gera strangar kr\u00f6fur um a\u00f0 stofnunin gegni skyldum s\u00ednum sem sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ur gagnr\u00fdnandi og frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull uppl\u00fdstrar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsumr\u00e6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n
N\u00faverandi kerfi fiskvei\u00f0istj\u00f3rnunar ber a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir augum a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 samr\u00e6mist grundvallarreglum stj\u00f3rnskipunarinnar um jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir l\u00f6gum og atvinnufrelsi. Vei\u00f0iheimildir samkv\u00e6mt n\u00faverandi kv\u00f3takerfi ver\u00f0i innkalla\u00f0ar sm\u00e1m saman og afnotar\u00e9tturinn s\u00ed\u00f0an leig\u00f0ur \u00e1 marka\u00f0sver\u00f0i.<\/p>\n
Loks \u00fearf a\u00f0 skipa \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0a ranns\u00f3knarnefnd undir forystu erlendra s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga til \u00feess a\u00f0 rannsaka ofan \u00ed kj\u00f6linn orsakir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0argjald\u00ferotsins sem n\u00fa er or\u00f0i\u00f0 sta\u00f0reynd. \u00dea\u00f0 er frumforsenda \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in geti hafi\u00f0 uppbyggingarstarfi\u00f0 \u00e1 traustum grunni. \u00deegar stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laforystan hefur brug\u00f0ist \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni me\u00f0 jafn\u00e1takanlegum h\u00e6tti og raun ber vitni duga engar vi\u00f0b\u00e1rur lengur gegn \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 leggja m\u00e1lin \u00e1 n\u00fd undir d\u00f3m \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0in \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 velja s\u00e9r n\u00fdja forystu. H\u00fan \u00fearf a\u00f0 gefa \u00feeim sem h\u00fan velur til tr\u00fana\u00f0arstarfa n\u00fd fyrirm\u00e6li um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig byggja eigi upp stofnanir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins \u00e1 n\u00fd \u00e1 r\u00fastum \u00feeirra sem n\u00fa eru hrundar. Auk \u00feess \u00fearf \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a upp \u00far um \u00fea\u00f0 hvar \u00cdslendingar vilji skipa s\u00e9r \u00ed sveit \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni \u00ed samf\u00e9lagi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna.Forystum\u00f6nnum \u00feeirra stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laflokka sem hafa brug\u00f0ist tr\u00fana\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar \u00e1 ekki a\u00f0 l\u00ed\u00f0ast \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hindra a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arviljinn n\u00e1i fram a\u00f0 ganga.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hvers vegna er svo h\u00f6rmulega komi\u00f0 fyrir okkur \u00cdslendingum sem raun ber vitni? \u00deeir sem leita munu svara vi\u00f0 \u00feessari spurningu \u00far meiri fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 fr\u00e1 vi\u00f0fangsefninu \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni munu sj\u00e1lfsagt velta fyrir s\u00e9r \u00fdmsum v\u00edsbendingum um si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega hnignun \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar, sem haf\u00f0i ekki n\u00f3gu sterk bein til a\u00f0 \u00feola g\u00f3\u00f0a daga. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1078"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2900,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1078\/revisions\/2900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}