\u00cd Vestur-Evr\u00f3pu l\u00e9tu lei\u00f0togar eftirstr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1ranna s\u00e9r endalaus br\u00e6\u00f0rav\u00edg Evr\u00f3pu\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00f6ldum saman loksins a\u00f0 kenningu ver\u00f0a. Hugmyndin um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 takmarka getu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkjanna til a\u00f0 heyja styrjaldir me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 leggja au\u00f0lindir hergagnai\u00f0na\u00f0arins undir sameiginlega stj\u00f3rn og gera \u00fe\u00e6r \u00feannig \u00f3afturkallanlega innbyr\u00f0is h\u00e1\u00f0ar hver annarri, er \u00fea\u00f0 besta sem gerst hefur \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu fr\u00e1 \u00f3munat\u00ed\u00f0. F\u00e6\u00f0ing Evr\u00f3puhugmyndarinnar hefur gefi\u00f0 g\u00f6mlu Evr\u00f3pu, eftir brotlendingu tveggja heimstyrjalda sem b\u00e1\u00f0ar \u00e1ttu r\u00e6tur a\u00f0 rekja til evr\u00f3pskra stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la, n\u00fdja l\u00edfsvon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00cd meira en h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld hefur Vestur-Evr\u00f3pa noti\u00f0 fri\u00f0ar og hags\u00e6ldar sem er einstakt \u00ed s\u00f6gu \u00e1lfunnar. \u00deau mannlegu gildi sem einkenna vestr\u00e6na si\u00f0menningu umfram allt anna\u00f0 – einstaklingsfrelsi undir l\u00f6gum og r\u00e9tti, innan v\u00e9banda r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkisins – f\u00e9kk a\u00f0 s\u00fdna kraftbirtingarm\u00e1tt sinn \u00ed verki. Marshall a\u00f0sto\u00f0in sem er frams\u00fdnasta framlag bandar\u00edskra stj\u00f3rnvalda til utanr\u00edkism\u00e1la fr\u00e1 upphafi, hra\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00feessari \u00fer\u00f3un og au\u00f0velda\u00f0i \u00e1rangurinn. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega umhverfi, sem heimurinn hr\u00e6rist \u00ed \u00e1 okkar d\u00f6gum, er Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 fri\u00f0ar-og s\u00e1ttaafl, innan Evr\u00f3pu jafnt sem utan.<\/p>\n
Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 hefur reynst vera \u00f6flugt jafna\u00f0arafl. Me\u00f0 frj\u00e1lsu fl\u00e6\u00f0i v\u00f6ru, \u00fej\u00f3nustu, fj\u00e1rmagns og vinnandi f\u00f3lks \u00e1 innri marka\u00f0num, var\u00f0 ekki einungis til st\u00e6rsta fr\u00edverslunarsv\u00e6\u00f0i heimsins; me\u00f0 \u00feessari opnun, og \u00f6flugum \u00fer\u00f3unarsj\u00f3\u00f0um \u00fev\u00ed til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar, hefur Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 lagt sitt af m\u00f6rkum til a\u00f0 lyfta l\u00edfskj\u00f6rum hinna van\u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a Evr\u00f3pu upp til jafns vi\u00f0 hinar r\u00edkustu. \u00deetta er afrek og \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera \u00f6llum heiminum fyrirmynd. S\u00fa sta\u00f0reynd a\u00f0 allar hinar n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lsu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir Mi\u00f0 – og Austur \u2013Evr\u00f3pu h\u00f6f\u00f0u ekki fyrr endurheimt sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i sitt en \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00f3ttu um a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu, er \u00f3hrekjanlegur vitnisbur\u00f0u um hi\u00f0 mikla a\u00f0dr\u00e1ttarafl Evr\u00f3puhugmyndarinnar. Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 hefur opna\u00f0 n\u00fdjan kafla \u00ed s\u00f6gu Evr\u00f3pu, sem er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 byrja.<\/p>\n
\u00cd eystri helft Evr\u00f3pu var ekki endir bundinn \u00e1 seinni heimstyrj\u00f6ldina \u00ed reynd fyrr en me\u00f0 falli Berl\u00ednarm\u00farsins \u00e1ri\u00f0 1989 og endanlega me\u00f0 upplausn Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna tveimur \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00cd Austur-Evr\u00f3pu h\u00e9lt str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1fram \u00ed n\u00e6stum h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0ir Mi\u00f0- og Austur-Evr\u00f3pu voru hernumdar. Sumar \u00feessara \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a eins ogt.d. Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0irnar, voru formlega sviptar sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00ednu og innlima\u00f0ar \u00ed Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin gegn vilja s\u00ednum. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagskerfi sem var framandlegt, \u00f3r\u00e9ttl\u00e1tt og \u00f3hagkv\u00e6mt var \u00fer\u00f6ngva\u00f0 upp \u00e1 \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir me\u00f0 valdi. \u00deessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir ur\u00f0u fangnar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir (e.captive nations) sem ur\u00f0u a\u00f0 l\u00fata bo\u00f0um og banni n\u00fdlenduherranna \u00ed einu og \u00f6llu.<\/p>\n
Stj\u00f3rnarfari l\u00f6greglur\u00edkisins, sem haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 b\u00e6gt fr\u00e1 \u00ed vesturhelmingi \u00e1lfunnar, var \u00fer\u00f6ngva\u00f0 upp \u00e1 \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir og \u00fea\u00f0 var\u00f0 alls r\u00e1\u00f0andi \u00ed daglegri tilveru f\u00f3lks. Gl\u00e6pirnir sem valdhafar l\u00f6greglur\u00edkisins fr\u00f6mdu gegn einstaklingum, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernisminnihlutum og reyndar heilum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um, hafa hvorki veri\u00f0 skr\u00e1\u00f0ir n\u00e9 vi\u00f0urkenndir \u2013 hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 heldur a\u00f0 be\u00f0ist hafi veri\u00f0 afs\u00f6kunar \u00e1 \u00feeim. S\u00e1rin eftir mis\u00feyrmingar fort\u00ed\u00f0arinnar eru fjarri \u00fev\u00ed gr\u00f3in enn. Gl\u00e6pamennirnir hafa aldrei \u00feurft a\u00f0 standa skil ger\u00f0a sinna. Margir \u00feeirra hafa \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti veri\u00f0 ver\u00f0launa\u00f0ir fyrir gl\u00e6pi s\u00edna \u00ed \u00feeim hr\u00e1slagalega b\u00f3fakapitalisma, sem sums sta\u00f0ar reis \u00e1 r\u00fastum komm\u00fanismans \u00ed \u00feessum l\u00f6ndum.<\/p>\n
\u00dear sem hinar f\u00f6ngnu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir voru inniluktar \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0afangelsi sov\u00e9tkerfisins var f\u00f3rnal\u00f6mbunum nokkur vorkunn a\u00f0 \u00e6tla, flestum hverjum, a\u00f0 \u00feau v\u00e6ru eil\u00edflega ford\u00e6md; a\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3si yfir\u00feyrmandi herna\u00f0aryfirbur\u00f0a n\u00fdlenduveldisins \u00e6ttu \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir aldrei afturkv\u00e6mt \u00fat \u00ed frelsi\u00f0. \u00de\u00e6r v\u00e6ru glata\u00f0ar a\u00f0 eil\u00edfu.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feess vegna l\u00fdsandi vitnisbur\u00f0ur um \u00f3bugandi frelsis\u00fer\u00e1 mannsandans a\u00f0 samt voru allan t\u00edmann uppi einstaklingar, sem aldrei l\u00e9tu bugast. \u00deeim ber me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttu s\u00e6mdarheiti\u00f0 frelsishetjur, \u00fe\u00f3tt sumir l\u00e1ti s\u00e9r s\u00e6ma a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 hry\u00f0juverkamenn um \u00fe\u00e1 sem standa \u00ed s\u00f6mu sporum \u00e1 okkar t\u00edmum \u2013 a\u00f0 berjast fyrri frelsinu gegn ofureflinu: \u00c9g nefni til s\u00f6gunnar \u201csk\u00f3garbr\u00e6\u00f0urna\u201d vi\u00f0 Eystrasalt, \u00ed \u00dakra\u00ednu og v\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1 fystu \u00e1runum eftir a\u00f0 str\u00ed\u00f0inu lauk; uppreisn verkamanna \u00ed Berl\u00edn og \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum borgum Austur–\u00de\u00fdskalands \u00e1ri\u00f0 1953; uppreinsina \u00ed Ungverjalandi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1956; p\u00f3lsku andst\u00f6\u00f0una sama \u00e1r; vori\u00f0 \u00ed Prag \u00e1ri\u00f0 1968; \u201cSamst\u00f6\u00f0uhreyfinguna\u201d \u00ed P\u00f3llandi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1980; r\u00fassnesku and\u00f3fsmennina fr\u00e1 Soltzenitzyn til Zakharovs; ni\u00f0urrif Berl\u00ednarm\u00farsins \u00ed n\u00f3bember 1989 og sameiningu \u00de\u00fdskalands \u00ed framhaldi af \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1ri\u00f0 1990. Og loks nefni \u00e9g hina fri\u00f0samlegu lei\u00f0 Eystrasalt\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna til sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1988-91 og fall hinna eitt sinn voldugu R\u00e1\u00f0stj\u00f3rnarr\u00edkja \u00ed framhaldi af \u00fev\u00ed undir \u00e1rslok 1991.<\/p>\n
\u00dev\u00edl\u00edkt galler\u00ed af einstaklingum sem voru g\u00e6ddir allt a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed ofurmannlegu hugrekki til a\u00f0 standa einir og varnarlausir gegn k\u00fagunar\u00f6flum sem virtust \u00f3sigrandi. \u00deetta \u00e6tti a\u00f0 minna okkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 jafnvel h\u00e1t\u00e6kniv\u00e6ddar herna\u00f0arv\u00e9lar, sem kunna a\u00f0 vir\u00f0ast \u00f3sigrandi vi\u00f0 fyrstu s\u00fdn, geta reynst b\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00e1\u00f0villtar og \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0alausar, ef \u00feeim er beitt \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu m\u00e1lsta\u00f0ar sem er \u00f3r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tanlegur. D\u00e6mi um \u00feetta \u00e1 okkar t\u00edmum er innr\u00e1s Bandar\u00edkjamanna og attan\u00edossa \u00feeirra \u00ed \u00cdrak og hi\u00f0 hrottafengna ofbeldi sem \u00cdsraelsher beitir varnarlaust f\u00f3lk \u00e1 hernumdu sv\u00e6\u00f0unum \u00ed Palest\u00ednu.<\/p>\n
Hva\u00f0 var \u00fea\u00f0 sem a\u00f0 lokum losa\u00f0i um \u00fer\u00e6lat\u00f6k l\u00f6greglur\u00edkisins \u00e1 hinum f\u00f6ngnu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um Mi\u00f0- og Austur-Evr\u00f3pu? Var \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3brig\u00f0ull stu\u00f0ningur Vesturlanda vi\u00f0 grundvallarregluna um sj\u00e1lfs\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarr\u00e9tt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a? Varla, \u00feegar vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum \u00ed huga a\u00f0 uppreisnarmennirnir \u00ed B\u00fadapest 1956 voru l\u00e1tnir m\u00e6ta \u00f6rl\u00f6gum s\u00ednum einir og yfirgefnir. Voru \u00fea\u00f0 kannski herna\u00f0aryfirbur\u00f0ir Bandar\u00edkjanna, m\u00e6ldir \u00ed fj\u00f6lda eldflauga og kjarnaodda, sem skutu Kremlverjum skelk \u00ed bringu? \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur seint sanna\u00f0, enda aldrei l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 reyna. Voru \u00fea\u00f0 e.t.v. si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegir yfirbur\u00f0ir hins vestr\u00e6na l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is, sem a\u00f0 lokum unnu hug og hj\u00f6rtu jafnt hinna k\u00fagu\u00f0u sem k\u00fagaranna sj\u00e1lfra? T\u00e6plega. \u00dev\u00ed ver\u00f0ur seint haldi\u00f0 fram me\u00f0 r\u00f6kum a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin og bandamenn \u00feeirra hafi haft einokun \u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0inu \u00e1 \u00e1rum kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins.<\/p>\n
Hafa menn gleymt str\u00ed\u00f0srekstri g\u00f6mlu n\u00fdlenduveldanna gegn hinum undiroku\u00f0u \u00ed Vietnam, \u00ed Als\u00edr, \u00ed Kong\u00f3 og v\u00ed\u00f0ar? Herna\u00f0ar\u00edhlutun Bandar\u00edkjamanna \u00ed Mi\u00f0- og Su\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku gegn l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega kj\u00f6rnum r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnum? Vitfirrtri tilraun Bandar\u00edkjamanna til a\u00f0 \u201csprengja Vietnam aftur \u00e1 stein\u00f6ld\u201d til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a hr\u00edsgrj\u00f3nab\u00e6ndum fr\u00e1 komm\u00fanismanum? \u00deannig m\u00e6tti lengi telja. Hvorugur a\u00f0ilinn vir\u00f0ist hafa veri\u00f0 s\u00e9rlega vandur a\u00f0 me\u00f0ulum \u00ed kalda str\u00ed\u00f0inu, \u00feegar grannt er sko\u00f0a\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta eru mestan part venjulegar \u201ceftir\u00e1sk\u00fdringar\u201d. Komm\u00fanisminn f\u00f3r s\u00e9r einfaldlega sj\u00e1lfur a\u00f0 vo\u00f0a (e.self-destructed).\u00dea\u00f0 sem ger\u00f0ist var a\u00f0 \u00feetta \u00f3mennska valdbeitingarkerfi rotna\u00f0i sm\u00e1m saman si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega innan fr\u00e1. Komm\u00fanisminn hrundi undan \u00f3b\u00e6rilegum \u00feunga s\u00edns eigin d\u00e1\u00f0lausa skriffinnskukerfis. Kerfi sem beinl\u00ednis byggir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 lama andlegan sk\u00f6punarkraft f\u00f3lks, framtak \u00feess, sj\u00e1lfsbjargarvi\u00f0leitni og me\u00f0f\u00e6dda \u00e1byrg\u00f0artilfinningu gagnvart s\u00e9r og s\u00ednum \u2013 hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 lokum a\u00f0 glata sj\u00e1lfum l\u00edfskraftinum. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00fea\u00f0 sem ger\u00f0ist.<\/p>\n
Jafnvel valdast\u00e9ttin sj\u00e1lf \u2013 nomenklat\u00faran \u2013 missti a\u00f0 lokum lystina \u00e1 valdbeitingu til varnar eigin hagsmunum og f\u00f3r a\u00f0 leita a\u00f0 \u00fatg\u00f6ngudyrum, \u00e1\u00f0ur en hi\u00f0 h\u00e1timbra\u00f0a valdakerfi hryndi yfir hana. \u00deegar k\u00fagunuar\u00f6flin hafa ekki lengur kjark til a\u00f0 k\u00faga hafa \u00feau glata\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfum tilverugrundvelli s\u00ednum. Fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00feeim degi eru dagar valdstj\u00f3rnarinnar taldir. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00feetta sem ger\u00f0ist.
\n\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 reformera komm\u00fanismann innan fr\u00e1. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 r\u00edfa illgresi\u00f0 upp me\u00f0 r\u00f3tum og byrja r\u00e6ktunarstarfi\u00f0 upp \u00e1 n\u00fdtt. \u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 sem Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev f\u00e9kk a\u00f0 lokum a\u00f0 reyna \u00e1 eigin skinni, seint og um s\u00ed\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n
Grunnhugmynd komm\u00fanismans \u2013 afn\u00e1m ar\u00f0r\u00e1ns manns \u00e1 manni og frelsun hins stritandi fj\u00f6lda fr\u00e1 k\u00fagun og \u00f6rbirg\u00f0 – er vestr\u00e6n hugmynd \u00ed h\u00fa\u00f0 og h\u00e1r. A\u00f0dr\u00e1ttarafl komm\u00fanismans bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegri ford\u00e6mingu, \u00ed nafni f\u00e9lagslegs r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tis, \u00e1 eymdarkj\u00f6rum almennings vi\u00f0 skilyr\u00f0i \u00f3hefts kapitalisma \u00e1 fyrsta skei\u00f0i i\u00f0nbyltingarinnar. Hinn mannlegi harmleikur sem af hlaust var \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f3lginn a\u00f0 \u00feessi vestr\u00e6na hugmynd var fyrir s\u00f6gulega slysni gr\u00e6dd inn \u00ed mi\u00f0alda l\u00e9nsveldi \u00fear sem h\u00fan st\u00f6kkbreyttist \u00ed illkynja, austr\u00e6na har\u00f0stj\u00f3rn.<\/p>\n
Hversu oft ver\u00f0um vi\u00f0 ekki vitni a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed l\u00edfinu a\u00f0 j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0ar og velmeinandi hugmyndir sn\u00faast me\u00f0 \u00f3fyrirs\u00e9\u00f0um h\u00e6tti upp \u00ed andhverfu s\u00edna? Bylting \u00ed nafni frelsisins ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 n\u00fdju k\u00fagunarkerfi. Hinir ofs\u00f3ttu Gy\u00f0ingar g\u00f6mlu Evr\u00f3pu gerast sj\u00e1lfir b\u00f6\u00f0lar saklausra f\u00f3rnarlamba kyn\u00fe\u00e1ttak\u00fagunar og ofbeldis. Fyrirheit kapitalismans um au\u00f0sk\u00f6pun til a\u00f0 leysa alla undan \u00e1\u00fej\u00e1n \u00f6rbirg\u00f0arinnar, sem sn\u00fdst upp \u00ed au\u00f0s\u00f6fnun hinna f\u00e1u, \u00ed krafti einokunar \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldans. Vi\u00f0 segjum a\u00f0 byltingin \u00e9ti b\u00f6rnin s\u00edn. Stundum ver\u00f0ur ekki betur s\u00e9\u00f0 en a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin afvegalei\u00f0i byltinguna. Og reyni s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0 fela hugsj\u00f3nabrig\u00f0 s\u00edna \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 silkisl\u00e6\u00f0ur hr\u00e6sninnar.<\/p>\n
N\u00fa – tuttugu \u00e1rum eftir a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ishreyfingar hinna f\u00f6ngnu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a l\u00e9tu til skarar skr\u00ed\u00f0a gegn ofureflinu og h\u00f6f\u00f0u sigur \u2013 er kominn t\u00edmi til a\u00f0 spyrja: Hafa b\u00f6rn byltingarinnar sta\u00f0i\u00f0 undir v\u00e6ntingum? Er vonin enn \u00e1 l\u00edfi? Hafa draumar r\u00e6st?<\/p>\n
\u00deau okkar, sem hafa \u00feegar lifa\u00f0 langa \u00e6vi, vita af reynslu a\u00f0 \u00feeir, sem dreymir villta drauma, vakna oftast upp me\u00f0 andf\u00e6lum. L\u00edfi\u00f0 er bara svolei\u00f0is. Tuttugu \u00e1r er langur t\u00edmi \u00ed \u00e6vi einstaklings, en \u00ed l\u00edfi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar er \u00fea\u00f0 eins og hvert anna\u00f0 t\u00edst \u00ed sp\u00f6rfugli. Samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur leyfist okkur, \u00feegar h\u00e9r er komi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu a\u00f0 spyrja spurninga eins og \u00feessara: Hefur l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 fest r\u00e6tur? Eru almannasamt\u00f6k \u2013 verkal\u00fd\u00f0sf\u00e9l\u00f6g, neytendasamt\u00f6k, umhverfisverndarsamt\u00f6k – virk og virt? \u00dea\u00f0 er oft nokku\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ur m\u00e6likvar\u00f0i \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskt heilsufar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a. Eru d\u00f3mst\u00f3larnir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ir og var\u00f0ir fyrir spillingar\u00e1hrifum au\u00f0j\u00f6fra og p\u00f3lit\u00edkusa \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu \u00feeirra? Eru fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0larnir frj\u00e1lsir a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 birta \u201call the news that are fit to print\u201d?
\nHvernig me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla hin n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lsu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6g Mi\u00f0- og Austur-Evr\u00f3pu hina ungu, \u00fe\u00e1 g\u00f6mlu, \u00fe\u00e1 veiku og varnarlausu? Svari\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feeirri spurningu f\u00e6rir okkur a\u00f0 lokum sannleikann um g\u00e6\u00f0i mannlegs samf\u00e9lags.<\/p>\n
Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 birta eina mynd sem l\u00fdsir me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttu veruleikanum \u00ed \u00feessum fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgu og \u00f3l\u00edku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6gum. Og \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 rissa upp \u00feessa mynd \u00ed svarthv\u00edtu. \u00cd flestum \u00feessara \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laga var \u00ed upphafi \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 velja hagfr\u00e6\u00f0im\u00f3del, \u00fear sem h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1hersla er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 marka\u00f0slausnir og \u00fear sem r\u00edkisvaldinu er \u00e6tla\u00f0 mj\u00f6g takmarka\u00f0 hlutverk. Reyndar var f\u00e1rra annarra kosta v\u00f6l. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf ekki margar e\u00f0a fl\u00f3knar stofnanir \u00e1 vegum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isins til a\u00f0 dreifa \u00fev\u00ed sem ekki er til. Fyrst er a\u00f0 skapa au\u00f0inn \u2013 svo skulum vi\u00f0 velta \u00fev\u00ed fyrir okkur hvernig honum er skipt.<\/p>\n
\u00c9g gagnr\u00fdni ekki \u00feetta val. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar skila\u00f0 \u00e1rangri, sem ekki ber a\u00f0 vanmeta: \u00d6r hagv\u00f6xtur, m.a. fyrir atbeina erlendrar fj\u00e1rfestingar, innlei\u00f0ing n\u00fdrrar t\u00e6kni og n\u00fdrra starfa, n\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0ing \u00ed sta\u00f0 t\u00e6knilegrar \u00fareldingar og st\u00f6\u00f0nunar. N\u00fd orka hefur veri\u00f0 leyst \u00far l\u00e6\u00f0ingi. \u00dear sem \u00e1\u00f0ur r\u00edkti drungi og do\u00f0i, \u00f3lgar n\u00fa kraftur og \u00e1r\u00e6\u00f0i. Unga kynsl\u00f3\u00f0in, hinir menntu\u00f0u og hinir \u00e1r\u00e6\u00f0nu, \u00feeir nj\u00f3ta \u00e1vaxtanna. En hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 hina? Hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 eldri kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ina, sem f\u00e6r\u00f0i f\u00f3rnirnar? Hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 landsbygg\u00f0ina, sem hefur dregist aftur \u00far? Hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 l\u00e6knana, heilbrig\u00f0isst\u00e9ttirnar og kennarana, sem eiga a\u00f0 b\u00faa n\u00e6stu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 undur hlutverk sitt \u00ed gerbreyttu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi?<\/p>\n
Er allt eins og vera ber \u00ed hinu n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lsa r\u00edki? Eru hinir n\u00fdr\u00edku kraf\u00f0ir um \u00fe\u00e1 skatta sem \u00fe\u00f6rf er \u00e1 til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 allir hafi j\u00f6fn t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til sk\u00f3lag\u00f6ngu og til a\u00f0 \u00feroska h\u00e6fileika s\u00edna? \u00c9g gef m\u00e9r \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 til lengri t\u00edma liti\u00f0 vilji menn ekki s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera l\u00e1glaunasv\u00e6\u00f0i,sem la\u00f0ar a\u00f0 t\u00edmabudni\u00f0 erlent fj\u00e1rmagn \u00fat \u00e1 l\u00e1gan framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0. \u00c9g gef m\u00e9r \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 framt\u00ed\u00f0armarkmi\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 jafna l\u00edfskjaramuninn milli Austur- og Vestur-Evr\u00f3pu. A\u00f0 tryggja \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0ni \u00e1 grundvelli menntunar og t\u00e6knikunn\u00e1ttu jafnist \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem best \u00feekkist \u00ed heiminum. Og standi \u00fear me\u00f0 undir l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0um og l\u00edfskj\u00f6rum sem eru a.m.k. samb\u00e6rileg vi\u00f0 Vestur-Evr\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n
Til \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed markmi\u00f0i er ekki n\u00f3g a\u00f0 halda sig vi\u00f0 eftirl\u00edkingu amer\u00edsks kapitalisma. Marka\u00f0skerfi\u00f0 er vissulega nau\u00f0synlegt t\u00e6ki til au\u00f0sk\u00f6punar \u2013 til a\u00f0 n\u00fdta framlei\u00f0slu\u00fe\u00e6ttina \u00e1 sem hagkv\u00e6mastan h\u00e1tt. En marka\u00f0urinn skilar \u00fe\u00e1 og \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0eins \u00feessu hlutverki s\u00ednu ef hann er undir eftirliti og stj\u00f3rn l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds. Sagan b\u00e6\u00f0i fyrr og s\u00ed\u00f0ar kennir okkur a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt marka\u00f0urinn s\u00e9 \u00fearfur \u00fej\u00f3nn getur hann l\u00edka reynst har\u00f0ur h\u00fasb\u00f3ndi, ef honum er loti\u00f0 \u00ed blindni.<\/p>\n
Marka\u00f0shagkerfi\u00f0 eitt og s\u00e9r er ekki a\u00f0eins sveiflukennt (eins og vi\u00f0 erum minnt \u00e1 \u00feessi misserin) . Marka\u00f0skerfi\u00f0 hefur l\u00edka innbygg\u00f0a tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 safna br\u00f3\u00f0urparti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arau\u00f0sins \u00e1 f\u00e1ar hendur og grafa \u00feannig dj\u00fapa gj\u00e1 milli vellr\u00edkrar yfirst\u00e9ttar og hins snau\u00f0a fj\u00f6lda. Efnahagslegur \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur \u2013 \u00fear sem f\u00e1einir \u00f3l\u00edgarkar tr\u00f3na efst \u00e1 p\u00edram\u00eddanum og \u00fear sem f\u00e1menn, \u00f3\u00f6rugg og hrj\u00e1\u00f0 millist\u00e9tt hrei\u00f0rar um sig \u00e1 mi\u00f0junni en brei\u00f0ur fj\u00f6ldi me\u00f0 takmarka\u00f0a menntun, lokast inni r\u00e9ttindal\u00edtill, \u00ed f\u00e1t\u00e6ktargildru \u2013 er eins og t\u00edmasprengja sem getur sprungi\u00f0 hven\u00e6r sem er og \u00fear me\u00f0 kollvarpa\u00f0 grunninum a\u00f0 f\u00e9lagslegri samheldni \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins. \u00c9g l\u00e6t hverjum og einum ykkar eftir a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00ed spegil og sj\u00e1 hvort \u00fei\u00f0 kannist vi\u00f0 \u00feann \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsveruleika sem h\u00e9r er l\u00fdst.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var einmitt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags\u00e1stand af \u00feessu tagi sem reyndist vera gr\u00f3\u00f0rarst\u00eda komm\u00fanismans fyrr \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0.\u00dea\u00f0 voru jafna\u00f0armannaflokkarnir og verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin \u00ed Vestur-Evr\u00f3pu sem \u00ed krafti lifandi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is, breyttu \u00f3beislu\u00f0um kap\u00edtalisma i\u00f0nbyltingarinnar \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki, sem v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar hefur n\u00e1\u00f0 a\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta r\u00f3tum \u00ed Vestur-Evr\u00f3pu innan v\u00e9banda Evr\u00f3pusambandsins.
\n\u00cd Vestur-Evr\u00f3pu sn\u00fdst p\u00f3lit\u00edkin a\u00f0 mestu um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verja velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0 fyrir \u00f3vinum \u00feess. \u00dei\u00f0, sem h\u00e9r eru\u00f0 samankomin, muni\u00f0 sj\u00e1lf svara \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum, hvorum megin v\u00edgl\u00ednunnar \u00fei\u00f0 muni\u00f0 taka ykkur st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed \u00feeim \u00e1t\u00f6kum.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar vi\u00f0 berum saman hlutskipti sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 okkar d\u00f6gum annars vegar og \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu milli str\u00ed\u00f0a hins vegar blasir vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3puhugsj\u00f3nin (e. The European idea) er \u00fea\u00f0 sem gerir g\u00e6fumuninn. \u00c1 millistr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1rum seinustu aldar voru sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir hva\u00f0 eftir anna\u00f0 hj\u00e1lparlaus f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb \u00e1r\u00e1sargjarnra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja sem stefndu a\u00f0 yfirr\u00e1\u00f0um yfir \u00f6\u00f0rum; og r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ttu ofbeldishneig\u00f0 s\u00edna me\u00f0 hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i, sem \u00fdmist bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 meintum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernisyfirbur\u00f0um e\u00f0a \u00fareltum og vanhugsu\u00f0um hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ikenningum. Evr\u00f3puhugmyndin – s\u00fa hugmynd a\u00f0 einst\u00f6k \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edki framselji hluta af fullveldi s\u00ednu til sam\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra stofnana, b\u00e6\u00f0i til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fatiloka herna\u00f0ar\u00e1t\u00f6k og til \u00feess a\u00f0 endurreisa st\u00f6\u00f0u Evr\u00f3pu \u00ed margskiptum heimi \u2013 markar \u00fev\u00ed upphafi\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00fdjum kafla \u00ed Evr\u00f3pus\u00f6gunni.<\/p>\n
Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skapa sameiginlegt efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0i, stutt virkri bygg\u00f0astefnu, hefur Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 f\u00e6rt hinum f\u00e1t\u00e6kari \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um Evr\u00f3pu upp \u00ed hendurnar t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00feeim sem fremst standa a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er var\u00f0ar \u00fer\u00f3unarstig og l\u00edfskj\u00f6r me\u00f0 undraskj\u00f3tum h\u00e6tti. Me\u00f0 \u00feessu m\u00f3ti hefur Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 lagt sitt af m\u00f6rkum til a\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00fdma f\u00e1t\u00e6kt og van\u00fer\u00f3un og um lei\u00f0 sett \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um ford\u00e6mi til eftirbreytni. Um lei\u00f0 hefur Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 l\u00f3ssa\u00f0 fleiri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir fr\u00e1 einr\u00e6\u00f0i og har\u00f0stj\u00f3rn \u00ed \u00e1tt til l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkis en nokkur a\u00f0ili annar \u00ed s\u00f6gunni. Og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 hleypa af einu skoti. \u00deetta \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera valdh\u00f6fum \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum til \u00e1minningar og eftirbreytni \u00ed samskiptum \u00feeirra vi\u00f0 grannr\u00edkin \u00ed Mi\u00f0- og Su\u00f0ur- Amer\u00edku \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni. Og \u00edsamskiptum \u00feeirra vi\u00f0 afganginn af ver\u00f6ldinni s\u00f6mulei\u00f0is.<\/p>\n
\u00deessi j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fer\u00f3un hefur gefi\u00f0 g\u00f6mlu Evr\u00f3pu n\u00fdja framt\u00ed\u00f0arvon. Sameinu\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pa hefur n\u00fa alla bur\u00f0i til \u00feess a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00e1 n\u00fd sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ur a\u00f0ili \u00e1 vettvangi al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0am\u00e1la, \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00edmabili kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins fylgisspakur undirverktaki amer\u00edska heimsveldisins. \u00dev\u00ed t\u00edmabili fer senn a\u00f0 lj\u00faka. Evr\u00f3pa \u2013 sem hefur lagt a\u00f0 baki n\u00fdlendudrottnunarskei\u00f0 sitt – getur or\u00f0i\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt fri\u00f0arafl \u00ed heiminum. \u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 sem sj\u00e1lf Evr\u00f3puhugmyndin sn\u00fdst um: A\u00f0 leita lausna \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum \u00e1greiningsm\u00e1lum me\u00f0 samningum \u00e1 grundvelli al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0alaga og r\u00e9ttar. \u00deeir einir, sem hafna ofbeldi sem m\u00f6guleika \u00ed innbyr\u00f0is samskiptum, eru teknir tr\u00faanlegir sem fri\u00f0flytjendur gagnvart \u00f6\u00f0rum. \u00dea\u00f0 er almennt til b\u00f3ta a\u00f0 menn breyti eins og \u00feeir bo\u00f0a.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00cd vestari helft Evr\u00f3pu lauk seinni heimstyrj\u00f6ldinni \u00e1ri\u00f0 1945. \u00dea\u00f0 kosta\u00f0i margar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir Evr\u00f3pu \u00f3m\u00e6ldar bl\u00f3\u00f0f\u00f3rnir a\u00f0 leggja \u00f3v\u00e6tt \u00fe\u00fdska nazismans a\u00f0 velli. Flestar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir Evr\u00f3pu ur\u00f0u fyrr e\u00f0a s\u00ed\u00f0ar f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb \u00fe\u00fdska nazismans. \u00dea\u00f0 er partur af harmleik \u00feessara t\u00edma a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna, sem f\u00e6r\u00f0u \u00feungb\u00e6rari f\u00f3rnir en flestar a\u00f0rar \u00ed mannsl\u00edfum og str\u00ed\u00f0sey\u00f0ileggingu, voru d\u00e6mdar til \u00feess \u00e1 stund sigursins a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00e1st \u00e1fram undir \u00f3gnarstj\u00f3rn Stal\u00edns. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1098"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1098\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2920,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1098\/revisions\/2920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}