Reyndar voru atvinnuleysistryggingar hluti af l\u00f6ggj\u00f6finni um almannatryggingarnar, sem Haraldur Gu\u00f0mundsson, fyrsti r\u00e1\u00f0herra Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins \u00ed r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn hinna vinnandi st\u00e9tta, n\u00e1\u00f0i fram \u00e1 \u00feinginu 1935-36. En kaflinn um atvinnuleysistryggingar s\u00e6tti svo har\u00f0ri andst\u00f6\u00f0u forystumanna Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokks og t\u00f3k svo miklum breytingum \u00ed me\u00f0f\u00f6rum \u00feingsins , a\u00f0 l\u00f6gin m\u00e1ttu heita \u00f3virk \u00ed framkv\u00e6md. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00e1rst\u00ed\u00f0arbundi\u00f0 atvinnuleysi m\u00e6tti heita fastur li\u00f0ur \u00ed l\u00edfi sj\u00e1varpl\u00e1ssanna og langvarandi atvinnuleysi hrj\u00e1\u00f0i m\u00f6rg al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uheimili \u00e1 kreppu- og samdr\u00e1ttart\u00edmum, treystu verkal\u00fd\u00f0sf\u00e9l\u00f6gin s\u00e9r ekki til a\u00f0 leggja \u00fe\u00e6r kva\u00f0ir \u2013 i\u00f0gj\u00f6ld – \u00e1 f\u00e1t\u00e6kt verkaf\u00f3lk, sem \u00feurft hef\u00f0i til a\u00f0 virkja l\u00f6gin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00deess vegna lei\u00f0 meira en \u00feri\u00f0jungur aldar fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 J\u00f3n Baldvinsson, \u00feingma\u00f0ur Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins og forseti Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0usambandsins, flutti fyrstu \u00feingm\u00e1lin um atvinnuleysisskr\u00e1ningu og vinnumi\u00f0lun \u00e1ri\u00f0 1923, \u00fear til virk l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f um atvinnuleysistryggingar n\u00e1\u00f0i fram a\u00f0 ganga \u00e1 Al\u00feingi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1956. \u00c1ri \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00feurfti verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin a\u00f0 neyta aflsmunar \u00ed langvinnustu verkfalls\u00e1t\u00f6kum \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0veldist\u00edmanum til \u00feess a\u00f0 kn\u00fdja m\u00e1li\u00f0 fram. Hin p\u00f3lit\u00edska andsta\u00f0a gegn l\u00f6gfestingu atvinnuleysistrygginga var \u00fev\u00ed har\u00f0v\u00edtug og langvinn. Forystumenn atvinnurekenda og p\u00f3lit\u00edskir talsmenn \u00feeirra innan Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins l\u00e9tu ekki sinn hlut \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 l\u00f6gfestingu atvinnuleysistrygginga fyrr en \u00ed fulla hnefana.<\/p>\n
Hvers vegna var andsta\u00f0an gegn \u00feessu r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tism\u00e1li, sem \u00fear a\u00f0 auki studdist vi\u00f0 skynsemis- og hagkv\u00e6mnisr\u00f6k, eins og s\u00ed\u00f0ar kom \u00e1 daginn, svona h\u00f6r\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi? Hvers vegna var hin p\u00f3lit\u00edska andsta\u00f0a \u00edhaldsaflanna miklu har\u00f0ari h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi en annars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum? Var \u00fe\u00f6rfin fyrir atvinnuleysistryggingar eitthva\u00f0 minni h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi en annars sta\u00f0ar? \u00dea\u00f0 var s\u00ed\u00f0ur en svo. \u00c1rst\u00ed\u00f0abundi\u00f0 atvinnuleysi var fastur fylgifiskur sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegshagkerfisins \u00edslenska, auk \u00feess sem afkoma sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegsins var h\u00e1\u00f0ari svipulum sj\u00e1varafla og sveiflukenndum m\u00f6rku\u00f0um en i\u00f0na\u00f0ar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6gin annars sta\u00f0ar \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00fev\u00ed br\u00fdn \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir atvinnuleysisstryggingar, br\u00fdnni h\u00e9r en v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar annars sta\u00f0ar. E\u00f0a hvernig l\u00fdsa \u00feeir Erlingur Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson og J\u00f3n Baldvinsson, \u00feingmenn Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins og flutningsmenn fyrsta frumvarps til laga um atvinnuleysistryggingar (1928), kj\u00f6rum atvinnuleysingja og fj\u00f6lskyldna \u00feeirra \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edmum:<\/p>\n
\u201cVerkamennirnir hjer \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk eru beinl\u00ednis settir \u00e1 Gu\u00f0 og gaddinn. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki ofm\u00e6lt, a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn \u00feeirra veslist upp hr\u00f6nnum saman \u00e1 atvinnuleysist\u00edmum \u00e1 veturna \u00far kulda, n\u00e6ringarskorti og t\u00e6ringu. Og \u00e1n efa mundi ljetta st\u00f3rum \u00e1 f\u00e1t\u00e6kraframf\u00e6rslu margra b\u00e6jar- og sveitarf\u00e9laga, ef frumvarp \u00feetta yr\u00f0i a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum. (Bls. 39).<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3ttu forr\u00e9ttindi, \u00feegar heimilisfe\u00f0ur, sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u m\u00e1tt \u00feola atvinnuleysi langt\u00edmum saman, komust \u00ed \u201cstj\u00f3rnargrj\u00f3ti\u00f0\u201d; \u00dea\u00f0 f\u00f3lst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 klj\u00fafa grj\u00f3t \u00ed atvinnub\u00f3tavinnu \u00e1 vegum landstj\u00f3rnarinnar, en grj\u00f3ti\u00f0 var s\u00ed\u00f0an flutt me\u00f0 j\u00e1rnbrautarlest \u00far \u00d6skjuhl\u00ed\u00f0inni \u00ed hafnargar\u00f0ana \u00ed Reykjav\u00edkurh\u00f6fn. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 merkilegt heita, a\u00f0 \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og sta\u00f0ir eins og \u00cdsafj\u00f6r\u00f0ur, Akureyri og Sey\u00f0isfj\u00f6r\u00f0ur bu\u00f0u upp \u00e1 \u00f6rugg hafnarskilyr\u00f0i, var h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgin, undir stj\u00f3rn \u00edhaldsins, hafnleysa fram yfir fyrra str\u00ed\u00f0. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fdddi \u00fer\u00e6lavinnu karla og kvenna vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 bera \u00feungav\u00f6ru \u00e1 bakinu og ferma og afferma \u00far umskipunarb\u00e1tum, einatt vi\u00f0 hin verstu lendingar- og ve\u00f0urskilyr\u00f0i. En \u00feeir, sem komust \u00ed \u00feessa \u00fer\u00e6lavinnu, \u00fe\u00f3ttust h\u00f3lpnir. L\u00edfi\u00f0 var botnlaust strit myrkranna \u00e1 milli, eins og \u00ed kolsvartri grafik K\u00f6tu Kolvitz.<\/p>\n
Fyrir f\u00e1um \u00e1rum kom \u00fat \u00f6ndvegisriti\u00f0 \u201cF\u00e1t\u00e6kt f\u00f3lk\u201d eftir Gylfa Gr\u00f6ndal, sem l\u00fdsti hispurlaust kj\u00f6rum \u00feess f\u00e1t\u00e6ka f\u00f3lks, sem bygg\u00f0i upp h\u00f6fu\u00f0borg \u00cdslands \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum. \u00dea\u00f0 er mikil eftirsj\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 Gylfa entist ekki l\u00edf til a\u00f0 lj\u00faka \u00fev\u00ed st\u00f3rvirki, sem \u00e1forma\u00f0 var \u00ed \u00feremur bindum. S\u00f6mulei\u00f0is ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 flokkast undir meiri h\u00e1ttar ska\u00f0a, a\u00f0 Matth\u00edasi Vi\u00f0ari S\u00e6mundssyni entist ekki aldur til a\u00f0 lj\u00faka \u00e1forma\u00f0ri \u00e6vis\u00f6gu H\u00e9\u00f0ins Valdimarssonar, einhvers st\u00f3rbrotnasta pers\u00f3nuleika, sem saga \u00edslenskrar verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar kann fr\u00e1 a\u00f0 greina. Vonandi mun n\u00fd kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0inga taka upp hi\u00f0 fallna merki og for\u00f0a \u00feessari \u00e1takas\u00f6gu fr\u00e1 gleymsku.<\/p>\n
Hvers vegna voru forsprakkar atvinnurekenda \u00ed forystu Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins og b\u00e6nda\u00edhaldi\u00f0 \u00ed Frams\u00f3kn svona har\u00f0v\u00edtugt \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u sinni vi\u00f0 atvinnuleysistryggingar? \u00deetta voru vissulega erfi\u00f0ir t\u00edmar og atvinnu\u00feref og l\u00edfsbar\u00e1ttan var h\u00f6r\u00f0 og miskunnarlaus. B\u00e6nda\u00edhaldi\u00f0 bar \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 b\u00e6tt l\u00edfsskilyr\u00f0i og atvinnu\u00f6ryggi \u00f6reiganna \u00e1 m\u00f6linni mundi \u00fdta undir frekari f\u00f3lksfl\u00f3tta \u00far sveitum, me\u00f0 \u00feeim aflei\u00f0ingum, a\u00f0 st\u00f3rb\u00e6ndum og landeigendum h\u00e9ldist illa \u00e1 vinnuhj\u00faum. M\u00e1lsvarar Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins, eins og t.d. Thor Thors, sonur Thors Jensen, \u00fatger\u00f0ar- og athafnamanns, sem sat \u00e1 \u00feingi fyrir Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkinn, sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ismenn v\u00e6ru \u00e1 m\u00f3ti atvinnuleysistryggingum, m.a. vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir teldu<\/p>\n
“a\u00f0 \u00feetta frv. (Haraldar Gu\u00f0mundssonar o.fl.), sem felur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 styrkja atvinnuleysingja \u00ed kaupst\u00f6\u00f0um, s\u00e9 enn eitt n\u00fdtt og \u00f6flugt spor \u00ed \u00e1ttina til \u00feess a\u00f0 raska alveg atvinnul\u00edfi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed m\u00f3ti a\u00f0 ginna til kaupsta\u00f0anna enn\u00fe\u00e1 fleira f\u00f3lk \u00far sveitum landsins, en \u00fea\u00f0 sem forsj\u00e1rlaust og fyrirhyggjulaust hefur flutst hinga\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00f6lina\u201d (bls. 59)<\/i><\/p>\n\u00d6ryggissj\u00f3\u00f0ur verkal\u00fd\u00f0sins.<\/h2>\n
\u00deeir \u00f3ttu\u00f0ust \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um, \u00feessir f\u00ednu herrar, a\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0urinn leg\u00f0ist \u00ed leti og \u00f3mennsku, ef svipa atvinnuleysisins r\u00e6ki hann ekki \u00e1fram. \u201cMe\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0a h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00fe\u00e1 reglu a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a atvinnuleysisstyrk, \u00f3ttast \u00e9g, a\u00f0 dregi\u00f0 ver\u00f0i st\u00f3rkostlega \u00far hv\u00f6t manna til \u00feess a\u00f0 leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 bjarga s\u00e9r sj\u00e1lfir.\u201d \u00deetta sag\u00f0i m\u00e1ttarst\u00f3lpi atvinnul\u00edfsins og Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins \u00far Vestmannaeyjum, J\u00f3hann \u00de. J\u00f3sefsson, s\u00ed\u00f0ar r\u00e1\u00f0herra. Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0 var flokkshollt a\u00f0 vanda og b\u00e6tti um betur \u00ed lei\u00f0ara, a\u00f0 \u201c\u00feegar atvinnureksturinn g\u00e6ti ekki borga\u00f0 m\u00f6nnum lengur fyrir a\u00f0 vinna, v\u00e6ri b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 hann auknum sk\u00f6ttum til \u00feess a\u00f0 borga m\u00f6nnum fyrir a\u00f0 vinna ekki\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta eru s\u00edgild r\u00f6k \u00edhaldsmanna allra landa, sem fr\u00e1 upphafi b\u00f6r\u00f0ust hart gegn atbeina r\u00edkisvaldsins til a\u00f0 jafna kj\u00f6r og auka \u00f6ryggi f\u00e1t\u00e6ks f\u00f3lks \u00ed l\u00edfsbar\u00e1ttunni. Falsr\u00f6kin eru sett fram \u00ed nafni si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegrar vandl\u00e6tingar. Atvinnuleysistryggingar munu stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 \u00f3mennsku og leti. L\u00e1gmarkslaun munu ver\u00f0leggja s\u00edsta vinnuafli\u00f0 \u00fat af marka\u00f0num og auka atvinnuleysi. Almannatryggingar og skyldua\u00f0ild a\u00f0 l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0um er til \u00feess falli\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far r\u00e1\u00f0deild, sparna\u00f0arvilja og sj\u00e1lfsbjargarvi\u00f0leitni.<\/p>\n
\u00deessi si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega vandl\u00e6ting hinna betur settu \u00e1 allri vi\u00f0leitni til \u00feess a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta kj\u00f6r f\u00e1t\u00e6klinga, helst \u00ed hendur vi\u00f0 ford\u00e6mingu \u00feeirra \u00e1 skattlagningu fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda, sem er talin draga \u00far hvatanum til fj\u00e1rfestingar og au\u00f0s\u00f6fnunar og stu\u00f0la \u00fear me\u00f0 a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rfl\u00f3tta og st\u00f6\u00f0nun, sem bitni \u00e1 hinum verst settu. Og hafi \u00feannig \u00f3vart \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega \u00fever\u00f6fug \u00e1hrif \u00e1 hinn uppaflega \u00e1setning. Allt er \u00feetta gamalkunnugt og s\u00edgilt og \u00e6vinlega sett fram af sannf\u00e6ringarkrafti \u00feess, sem \u00feykist g\u00e6ddur si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegum yfirbur\u00f0um, enda sett fram \u00ed nafni \u00f3v\u00e9fengjanlegrar l\u00edfsreynslu.<\/p>\n
Reynslan hefur hins vegar kennt okkur \u00e1 l\u00f6ngum t\u00edma, a\u00f0 allar voru \u00feessar si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegu umvandanir \u00e1 sandi bygg\u00f0ar. \u00dea\u00f0 sem sett var fram sem bl\u00e1kaldur sannleikurinn \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00f3yggjandi l\u00edfsreynslu, reyndist einatt vera p\u00f3lit\u00edskir ford\u00f3mar, sem studdust vi\u00f0 f\u00e1tt anna\u00f0 en eiginhagsmuni forr\u00e9ttindah\u00f3pa. Atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur, sem er fj\u00e1rmagna\u00f0ur me\u00f0 i\u00f0gj\u00f6ldum hinna trygg\u00f0u, var\u00f0 fyrr en var\u00f0i einn helsti \u00fatl\u00e1nasj\u00f3\u00f0ur og bakhjarl atvinnul\u00edfsins, enda settust atvinnurekendur \u00fear \u00ed stj\u00f3rn og ger\u00f0ust einatt frekir til fj\u00e1rins.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar Vinnuveitendasamband \u00cdslands vildi kaupa \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0arh\u00fas \u00d3lafs Thors, hins \u00f3kr\u00fdnda foringja Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins um \u00e1ratugi, voru vi\u00f0skiptin fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnu\u00f0 af Atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0i. \u00deegar fj\u00e1rmagna \u00feurfti Byggingasj\u00f3\u00f0 r\u00edkisins, t.d. vegna \u00e1taks um byggingu 1250 \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0a \u00ed Brei\u00f0holtinu \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma, haf\u00f0i Atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur r\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 kaupa skuldabr\u00e9f Byggingasj\u00f3\u00f0s r\u00edkisins. Sama m\u00e1li gegndi, \u00feegar fj\u00e1rmagna \u00feurfti \u00fe\u00f6rf m\u00e1l, eins og fastr\u00e1\u00f0ningu fiskverkaf\u00f3lks, starfsmenntun \u00ed atvinnul\u00edfinu e\u00f0a f\u00e6\u00f0ingarorlof foreldra.<\/p>\n
Atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur hefur v\u00ed\u00f0a komi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 treysta undirst\u00f6\u00f0ur atvinnul\u00edfsins. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki er hann \u00ed e\u00f0li s\u00ednu sveifluj\u00f6fnunarsj\u00f3\u00f0ur, sem safnast f\u00e9 \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0\u00e6ri, en borgar \u00fat meira en hann f\u00e6r inn, \u00fegar har\u00f0nar \u00ed \u00e1ri og st\u00f6rfum f\u00e6kkar. Sj\u00f3\u00f0urinn er \u00fev\u00ed hentugt hagstj\u00f3rnart\u00e6ki, sem stu\u00f0lar a\u00f0 sveifluj\u00f6fnun og st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika \u00ed efnahagsl\u00edfinu. Og \u00feess hefur ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 vart, a\u00f0 hann dragi \u00far si\u00f0fer\u00f0is\u00fereki e\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfsbjargarvi\u00f0leitni vinnandi f\u00f3lks. Sj\u00f3\u00f0urinn hefur reynst atvinnul\u00edfinu \u00f6flugur bakhjarl, e\u00f0a eins og Hannibal Valdimarsson, forseti AS\u00cd, sag\u00f0i \u00ed sk\u00fdrslu sinni 1956-58:<\/p>\n
\u00deessi mikli \u00f6ryggissj\u00f3\u00f0ur verkal\u00fd\u00f0sins mun vissulega ver\u00f0a \u00feess megnugur, \u00e1\u00f0ur en langir t\u00edmar l\u00ed\u00f0a, a\u00f0 r\u00e9tta atvinnul\u00edfinu hj\u00e1lparh\u00f6nd. (bls. 9). <\/i><\/p>\n
\u00deannig f\u00e9kk b\u00f3karh\u00f6fundur reyndar hugmyndina a\u00f0 titli b\u00f3karinnar: \u201c\u00d6ryggissj\u00f3\u00f0ur verkal\u00fd\u00f0sins \u2013 bar\u00e1ttan fyrir atvinnuleysistryggingum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.\u201d<\/p>\n
Haraldur Gu\u00f0mundsson, al\u00feingisma\u00f0ur og fyrsti r\u00e1\u00f0herra Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins \u00ed r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn hinna vinnandi st\u00e9tta (1934-37) m\u00e1 me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttu heita gu\u00f0fa\u00f0ir \u00edslenska velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkisins. Hann undirbj\u00f3 og n\u00e1\u00f0i fram l\u00f6gfestingu almannatrygginga 1936, eftir a\u00f0 hafa flutt m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum \u00feingum fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 1929. Almannatryggingal\u00f6gin eru hornsteinn \u00edslenska velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkisins. Reyndar lag\u00f0i Haraldur fram tvenn frumv\u00f6rp hausti\u00f0 1935. Hi\u00f0 fyrra var\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum um almannatryggingar: Sj\u00fakratryggingar, slysatryggingar, elli- og \u00f6rorkutryggingar og reyndar kafli um atvinnuleysistryggingar, sem eins og fyrr segir, n\u00e1\u00f0i aldrei a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a virk l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f \u00ed framkv\u00e6md.<\/p>\n
Hitt frumvarpi\u00f0 fjalla\u00f0i um n\u00fd framf\u00e6rslul\u00f6g. Me\u00f0 \u00feeim l\u00f6gum var loksins afm\u00e1\u00f0ur s\u00e1 sm\u00e1narblettur \u00e1 \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi, sem l\u00fdsti s\u00e9r \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 f\u00e1t\u00e6kt f\u00f3lk, sem \u00feurfti \u00e1 ney\u00f0arhj\u00e1lp a\u00f0 halda, m\u00e1tti s\u00e6ta mannr\u00e9ttindasviptingu (t.d. missis kosningar\u00e9ttar) og hreppaflutningum fj\u00f6lskyldume\u00f0lima. Tryggingastofnun r\u00edkisins var stofnu\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1936 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 annast framkv\u00e6md almannatryggingalaganna, og Haraldur Gu\u00f0mundsson var\u00f0 um langt skei\u00f0 forstj\u00f3ri hennar. Atvinnum\u00e1lastofnun, sem jafna\u00f0armenn b\u00f6r\u00f0ust lengi fyrir og vildu a\u00f0 st\u00fdr\u00f0i m\u00e1lefnum vinnumarka\u00f0arins og \u00fear me\u00f0 tali\u00f0 atvinnuleysistryggingum, var\u00f0 hins vegar aldrei til fyrr en \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1 seinustu \u00e1rum undir heitinu Vinnum\u00e1lastofnun r\u00edkisins.
\n\u00deess er \u00e1\u00f0ur geti\u00f0, a\u00f0 J\u00f3n Baldvinsson var\u00f0 fyrstur manna til a\u00f0 flytja frumvarp til laga um atvinnuleysisskr\u00e1ningu og vinnumi\u00f0lun \u00feegar \u00e1ri\u00f0 1923. \u00deeir sem fyrstir fluttu frumvarp til laga um atvinnuleysistryggingar \u00e1ri\u00f0 1928, voru \u00feeir Erlingur Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson og J\u00f3n Baldvinsson, b\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00feingmenn Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1929 flytja \u00feeir Haraldur Gu\u00f0mundsson, H\u00e9\u00f0inn Valdimarsson og Sigurj\u00f3n \u00c1 \u00d3lafsson, forma\u00f0ur Sj\u00f3mannaf\u00e9lags Reykav\u00edkur, \u00feings\u00e1lyktunartill\u00f6gu um stofnun milli\u00feinganefndar, til a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa setningu laga um al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0utryggingar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Haraldur h\u00e9lt s\u00ed\u00f0an m\u00e1linu vakandi \u00e1 \u00f6llum \u00feingum, uns hann f\u00e9kk a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u til, sem atvinnum\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra, a\u00f0 tryggja m\u00e1linu framgang \u00e1ri\u00f0 1936.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 ur\u00f0u honum mikil vonbrig\u00f0i, a\u00f0 s\u00e1 kafli laganna, sem fjalla\u00f0i um atvinnuleysistryggingar, var\u00f0 \u00ed reynd ekki virkur \u00ed framkv\u00e6md fyrr en \u00e1ri\u00f0 1956, 33 \u00e1rum eftir a\u00f0 J\u00f3n Baldvinsson bar m\u00e1li\u00f0 fyrst fram \u00e1 Al\u00feingi. \u00dea\u00f0 vanta\u00f0i ekki, a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 v\u00e6ri flutt \u00e1 Al\u00feingi, \u00e1r eftir \u00e1r. Allt fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 1942 voru frumv\u00f6rp e\u00f0a \u00feings\u00e1lyktunartill\u00f6gur um undirb\u00faning n\u00fdrrar l\u00f6ggjafar um atvinnuleysistryggingar fluttar \u00e1 Al\u00feingi \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri \u00ed t\u00f3lf \u00e1r, en \u00e6vinlega fyrir daufum eyrum. \u00deeir sem h\u00e9ldu m\u00e1linu vakandi allan \u00feennan t\u00edma voru \u00feingmenn \u00far r\u00f6\u00f0um Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokks og S\u00f3s\u00edalistaflokks, og m\u00e1 \u00fear nefna til d\u00e6mis \u00feingmennina Gylfa \u00de. G\u00edslason og Hannilbal Valdimarsson, \u00far r\u00f6\u00f0um Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksmanna og \u00fe\u00e1 Brynj\u00f3lf Bjarnason og Gunnar J\u00f3hannsson, sem var \u00feingma\u00f0ur S\u00f3s\u00edalistaflokksins fr\u00e1 Siglufir\u00f0i. En r\u00e1\u00f0andi \u00f6fl \u00e1 Al\u00feingi, \u00fe.e. Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokkur \u00fe\u00f6g\u00f0u m\u00e1li\u00f0 kyrfilega \u00ed hel. Yfirleitt ur\u00f0u engar umr\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00feingsal um m\u00e1li\u00f0. Ef frumv\u00f6rp og a\u00f0rar till\u00f6gur n\u00e1\u00f0u lengra, sofnu\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e6r svefninum langa \u00ed nefnd.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en hausti\u00f0 1955, a\u00f0 verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin greip til sinna r\u00e1\u00f0a. Atvinnu\u00e1standi\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1runum eftir str\u00ed\u00f0 haf\u00f0i reynst erfitt, og verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingunni reyndist tors\u00f3tt a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita kaupm\u00e1tt launa \u00e1 erfi\u00f0leika- og samdr\u00e1ttart\u00edmum. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1955 sau\u00f0 upp \u00far \u00ed kjarabar\u00e1ttunni. \u00de\u00e1 skall \u00e1 langvinnasta, har\u00f0asta og v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kasta verkfall launaf\u00f3lks, sem h\u00e1\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00c1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum r\u00e9\u00f0i E\u00f0var\u00f0 Sigur\u00f0sson l\u00f6gum og lofum \u00ed Dagsbr\u00fan, en Hannibal var forseti Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0usambandsins. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00ed \u00feessu verkfalli, sem Gu\u00f0mundur Jaki var\u00f0 fyrst \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0kunnur, \u00fear sem hann f\u00f3r fyrir verkfallsv\u00f6r\u00f0um Dagsbr\u00fanar \u00ed har\u00f0v\u00edtugum \u00e1t\u00f6kum.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar allt var komi\u00f0 \u00ed hn\u00fat, og hvergi s\u00e1 til lands um lausn m\u00e1la, ger\u00f0ist \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 Emil J\u00f3nsson, lei\u00f0togi jafna\u00f0armanna \u00ed Hafnarfir\u00f0i, lag\u00f0i fram hugmynd a\u00f0 lausn til a\u00f0 leysa deiluna. Hann v\u00edsa\u00f0i til \u00feess, a\u00f0 fyrir Al\u00feingi l\u00e6gi frumvarp um hi\u00f0 gamla bar\u00e1ttum\u00e1l verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar um atvinnuleysistryggingar. Hann lag\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 til, a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld h\u00e9tu \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beita s\u00e9r fyrir l\u00f6gfestingu atvinnuleysistrygginga og Atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0s, og skyldi \u00fea\u00f0 samsvara \u00edgildi fj\u00f6gurra pr\u00f3sentustiga kauph\u00e6kkunar, sem bar \u00ed milli deilua\u00f0ila.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta hreif. Haraldur Gu\u00f0mundsson, hinn aldni gu\u00f0fa\u00f0ir almannatrygginga \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, var kvaddur til a\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6ra till\u00f6gurnar. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var\u00f0 \u00feessi: \u201cAtvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur (…) skyldi fj\u00e1rmagna\u00f0ur me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 leg\u00f0i fram sem n\u00e6mi tveimur pr\u00f3sentum af almennu dagvinnukaupi Dagsbr\u00fanarverkamanns og atvinnurekendur og b\u00e6jar- og sveitarsj\u00f3\u00f0ir, hvorir um sig eitt pr\u00f3sent. Samanlagt voru \u00feetta fj\u00f6gur pr\u00f3sent af Dagsbr\u00fanarkaupinu, \u00fea\u00f0 sem upp \u00e1 vanta\u00f0i a\u00f0 atvinnurekendur gengju a\u00f0 \u00ed lokakr\u00f6fum samninganefndar verkal\u00fd\u00f0sf\u00e9laganna.\u201d \u00dear me\u00f0 var krafan um l\u00f6gfestingu atvinnuleysistrygginga loksins \u00ed h\u00f6fn, aldar\u00feri\u00f0jungi eftir a\u00f0 J\u00f3n Baldvinsson hreyf\u00f0i fyrst vi\u00f0 m\u00e1linu \u00e1 Al\u00feingi 1923.<\/p>\n
Lei\u00f0arah\u00f6fundur Morgunbla\u00f0sins reisti s\u00e9r og bla\u00f0inu d\u00e1l\u00edtinn bautastein, \u00feegar hann sag\u00f0i af \u00feessu tilefni eftirfarandi:<\/p>\n
\u201cEn \u00fea\u00f0 er r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rninni (Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokks undir fors\u00e6ti \u00d3lafs Thors) a\u00f0 \u00feakka, a\u00f0 \u00feessi lei\u00f0 var farin til lausnar verkfallinu, en alls ekki hinum \u00e1byrg\u00f0arlausu \u00e6singjaseggjum, sem h\u00f3fu \u00fea\u00f0\u201d. <\/i><\/p>\n
\u00deetta er \u00ed st\u00edl vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar go\u00f0sagnir, sem haldi\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00f3ka\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 veru, a\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn hafi fundi\u00f0 upp velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og barist fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 legg.<\/p>\n
Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feessum s\u00f6gulega \u00e1fanga var n\u00e1\u00f0 um mi\u00f0jan sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratug seinustu aldar, hafa margar r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 breytingum \u00e1 l\u00f6ggj\u00f6finni um atvinnuleysistryggingar og atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0. A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed verki hafa komi\u00f0 margir stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lalei\u00f0togar \u00far \u00fdmsum flokkum, enda m\u00e1li\u00f0 ekki umdeilt, eftir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 haf\u00f0i \u00e1 anna\u00f0 bor\u00f0 sanna\u00f0 \u00e1g\u00e6ti sitt.<\/p>\n
Me\u00f0al \u00feessara stj\u00f3rm\u00e1lamanna m\u00e1 nefna \u00fe\u00e1 Braga Sigurj\u00f3nsson og Eggert G. \u00deorsteinsson \u00e1 Vi\u00f0reisnar\u00e1runum; Hannibal Valdimarsson og Bj\u00f6rn J\u00f3nsson \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0 vinstristj\u00f3rnarinnar 1971-74; Svavar Gestsson, sem f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00ed r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnart\u00ed\u00f0 Gunnars Thoroddsen (1980-83); Gu\u00f0mund \u00c1rna Stef\u00e1nsson, f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00ed \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0 Vi\u00f0eyjarstj\u00f3rnarinnar (1991-95); P\u00e1l P\u00e9tursson og \u00c1rna Magn\u00fasson \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0 fr\u00e1farandi r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar.<\/p>\n
Yfirleitt hafa \u00feessar breytingar veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar \u00ed samr\u00e1\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ila vinnumarka\u00f0arins, \u00fe\u00f3tt stundum hafi komi\u00f0 til \u00e1rekstra \u00e1 milli \u00feeirra og r\u00edkisvaldsins, ekki s\u00edst \u00feegar Atvinnutryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur var innlima\u00f0ur \u00ed r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 var verk Geirs H. Haarde, sem virtist hafa gleymt \u00fev\u00ed, hvernig var til sj\u00f3\u00f0sins stofna\u00f0 \u00ed upphafi. Ebbi \u00ed Dagsbr\u00fan hef\u00f0i ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 k\u00e1tur. \u00dea\u00f0 telst \u00fe\u00f3 ekki vera a\u00f0alatri\u00f0i m\u00e1lsins, svo fremi sem sj\u00f3\u00f0urinn stendur undir upprunalegu hlutverki s\u00ednu, \u00feegar \u00e1 reynir, nefnilega a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a atvinnulausu f\u00f3lki t\u00edmabundinn framf\u00e6rslueyri og styrkja \u00fea\u00f0 gegnum starfs\u00fej\u00e1lfun og \u00e1 annan h\u00e1tt til a\u00f0 b\u00faa sig undir n\u00fd st\u00f6rf.<\/p>\n
\u00cd upphafi voru l\u00e1tnar uppi efasemdir um, a\u00f0 \u00feessi b\u00f3k mundi rata inn \u00e1 mets\u00f6lulista b\u00f3ka\u00fatgefenda. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00e1 b\u00f3kin erindi vi\u00f0 alla \u00fe\u00e1, sem l\u00e1ta sig \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1l einhverju var\u00f0a. \u00deess vegna skyldi ma\u00f0ur \u00e6tla, a\u00f0 b\u00f3kin eigi a\u00f0 vera \u00e1 n\u00e1ttbor\u00f0i n\u00fdkj\u00f6rinna \u00feingmanna ( og hinna g\u00f6mlu l\u00edka); \u00feeim mun ekki af veita. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti er \u00feetta uppflettirit \u00ed bar\u00e1ttus\u00f6gunni fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 reisa og vi\u00f0halda norr\u00e6nu velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. B\u00f3kin er gagnleg \u00f6llum \u00feeim, sem einhverra hluta vegna \u00feurfa a\u00f0 kynna s\u00e9r \u00feetta efni. Seinni parturinn er samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur hundlei\u00f0inlegur, enda er \u00fear mestan part veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 valdabar\u00e1ttu um yfirr\u00e1\u00f0 yfir sj\u00f3\u00f0num og b\u00e6gslagang b\u00farakrata, sem hafa hrei\u00f0ra\u00f0 um sig \u00ed kringum starfsemina. \u00c6skilegt hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0, a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur hef\u00f0i leyft s\u00e9r a\u00f0 fjalla meira um l\u00edfsh\u00e1ska \u00feeirra, sem ver\u00f0a f\u00f3rnal\u00f6mb atvinnuleysis, og hva\u00f0 l\u00e6ra megi af reynslu \u00feeirra og f\u00e9lagslegum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um \u00feeim til styrktar.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milegt, \u00feegar fjalla\u00f0 er um svo vi\u00f0amiki\u00f0 efni \u00e1 svo l\u00f6ngum t\u00edma, a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundi ver\u00f0i \u00f6\u00f0ru hverju \u00e1 \u00ed messunni. Nokkur d\u00e6mi: H\u00f6fundur heldur \u00fev\u00ed fram (\u00e1 bls. 68), a\u00f0 seinni t\u00edma hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum komi saman um, a\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn hinna vinnandi st\u00e9tta (1934-37) hafi fundi\u00f0 upp haftab\u00faskapinn, sem tr\u00f6llrei\u00f0 \u00edslenskum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arb\u00faskap fram undir Vi\u00f0reisn. Vera m\u00e1, a\u00f0 einstaka h\u00e6gri\u00f6fgamenn haldi \u00feessu fram, en flestir hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar vita betur. Haftab\u00faskapurinn var tekinn upp \u00e1 fyrrastr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1runum og vi\u00f0haldi\u00f0 \u00e1rum saman eftir str\u00ed\u00f0slok. Vinstristj\u00f3rn Hermanns J\u00f3nassonar \u00e1 kreppu\u00e1runum ger\u00f0i ekki anna\u00f0 en r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir allt um kring ger\u00f0u, nefnilega a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa til verndarstefnu (innflutningshafta) sem var vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 haftastefnu vi\u00f0skiptalanda. \u00deetta afsakar engan veginn haftab\u00faskapinn og r\u00edkisforsj\u00e1na, sem hefur veri\u00f0 rekin h\u00e9r alla t\u00ed\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1byrg\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokksins<\/p>\n
Anna\u00f0: H\u00f6fundur segir vinstristj\u00f3rnina 1956-58 vera \u201cfyrstu r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rninna \u00ed NATO-landi, sem vinstrimenn \u00e1ttu a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 \u201c. \u00deetta er fjarst\u00e6\u00f0a. S\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3kratar eins og Ernie Bevin, utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herra Atlees og Paul Henri Spaak, utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herra Belga, fyrir n\u00fa utan kratalei\u00f0toga Nor\u00f0manna og Dana, voru \u00e1 sinum t\u00edma frumkv\u00f6\u00f0lar og bur\u00f0ar\u00e1sar \u00ed varnarsamstarfinu vi\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin gegnum NATO. H\u00e6gri menn eins og h\u00e6gri armur breska \u00edhaldsins og fr\u00f6nsku gaullistarnir voru \u00e1 m\u00f3ti.<\/p>\n
Loks er \u00feess a\u00f0 geta, a\u00f0 umfj\u00f6llun h\u00f6fundar um svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201c\u00d3lafsl\u00f6g\u201d (sj\u00e1 bls. 177-78) \u00fearfnast endursko\u00f0unar. \u00d3lafsl\u00f6g, \u00fear sem kjarni m\u00e1lsins var ver\u00f0trygging fj\u00e1rskuldbindinga, \u00fe\u00f3tt a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti v\u00e6ru \u00feau um \u201cefnahagsm\u00e1lapakka\u201d, mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1verandi a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu og misgengis, \u00e1tti uppruna sinn \u00ed frumvarpi, sem vi\u00f0 Vilmundur Gylfason verkst\u00fdr\u00f0um af h\u00e1lfu \u00feingflokks Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins og var lagt fram um j\u00f3laleyti\u00f0 1978 sem skilyr\u00f0i fyrir \u00e1framhaldandi stj\u00f3rnarsamvinnu.<\/p>\n
Ver\u00f0tryggingarkaflinn var a\u00f0 mestu verk J\u00f3ns Sigur\u00f0ssonar, forst\u00f6\u00f0umanns \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0hagsstofnunar, s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00feingmanns og r\u00e1\u00f0herra Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins (og br\u00f3\u00f0ursonar Haraldar Gu\u00f0mundssonar, gu\u00f0f\u00f6\u00f0ur velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkisins \u00edslenska). Greinarger\u00f0in og r\u00f6kstu\u00f0ningurinn me\u00f0 frumvarpinu var h\u00f6fundarverk Gylfa \u00de. G\u00edslasonar, fv. r\u00e1\u00f0herra Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins \u00ed Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rninni. Eini ma\u00f0urinn, sem eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem best er vita\u00f0 haf\u00f0i ekkert til m\u00e1lanna a\u00f0 leggja um svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u00d3lafsl\u00f6g, var \u00d3lafur J\u00f3hannesson sj\u00e1lfur.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er ekki sagt \u00d3lafi til hnj\u00f3\u00f0s, heldur a\u00f0eins til a\u00f0 halda til haga s\u00f6gulegum sta\u00f0reyndum. Svona getur veri\u00f0 au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 kreik s\u00f6gus\u00f6gnum um s\u00f6gulegar sta\u00f0reyndir, sem s\u00ed\u00f0an ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 go\u00f0s\u00f6gnum, sem seinni t\u00edma menn glepjast til a\u00f0 tr\u00faa. H\u00f6fu\u00f0kostur \u00feessarar b\u00f3kar er einmitt s\u00e1, a\u00f0 h\u00fan segir sannleikann um bar\u00e1ttuna fyrir atvinnuleysistryggingum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00dea\u00f0 voru mannr\u00e9ttindi, sem n\u00e1\u00f0ust ekki fram bar\u00e1ttulaust. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00e6rd\u00f3mur s\u00f6gunnar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00deorgr\u00edmur Gestsson: \u00d6ryggissj\u00f3\u00f0ur verkal\u00fd\u00f0sins \u2013 Bar\u00e1ttan fyrir atvinnuleysistryggingum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. 316 bls. \u00datgefandi: Atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00de\u00f3tt \u00feessi b\u00f3k s\u00e9 harla \u00f3l\u00edkleg til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 inn \u00e1 mets\u00f6lulista b\u00f3ka\u00fatgefenda, er h\u00fan samt \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 um margt og kannski einmitt \u00feess vegna. \u00cd fyrsta lagi er h\u00fan \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan l\u00fdsir hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum \u00e1greiningi milli r\u00e1\u00f0andi stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laafla um uppbyggingu velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkis \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. H\u00fan sk\u00fdrir l\u00edka, hvers vegna jafna\u00f0arm\u00f6nnum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi t\u00f3kst ekki a\u00f0 f\u00e1 l\u00f6g um atvinnuleysistryggingar virk \u00ed framkv\u00e6md fyrr en \u00e1ri\u00f0 1956, h\u00e1lfri \u00f6ld s\u00ed\u00f0ar en \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku og Noregi og l\u00f6ngu eftir a\u00f0 atvinnuleysistryggingar voru l\u00f6gfestar \u00ed Finnlandi (1917) og \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 (1938). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1123"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2926,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123\/revisions\/2926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}