V\u00edkingar s\u00f3ttu \u00ed vesturveg til skosku eyjanna, inn \u00ed Skotland og \u00cdrland og til Englands og stofnu\u00f0u reyndar v\u00edkingar\u00edki \u00ed Normand\u00ed \u00ed Frakklandi. Vilhj\u00e1lmur hinn sigurs\u00e6li, sem seinustum manna heppna\u00f0ist innr\u00e1s \u00ed England \u00e1ri\u00f0 1066, var beinn afkomandi G\u00f6ngu-Hr\u00f3lfs, stofnanda v\u00edkingar\u00edkisins \u00ed Normand\u00ed. T\u00e6knikunn\u00e1tta vi\u00f0 skipasm\u00ed\u00f0i, sj\u00f3mennskureynsla og siglingakunn\u00e1tta trygg\u00f0i v\u00edkingum yfirbur\u00f0i umfram a\u00f0ra \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma. \u00dea\u00f0 voru \u00feessir t\u00e6knilegu yfirbur\u00f0ir, sem ger\u00f0u v\u00edkingum kleift a\u00f0 stunda \u00fathafssiglingar \u00e1 Atlantshafi og br\u00faa \u00feannig bili\u00f0 milli Evr\u00f3pu og Amer\u00edku \u00ed fyrsta sinn, svo vita\u00f0 s\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Landn\u00e1msmenn og konur \u00cdslands voru einkum af bl\u00f6ndu\u00f0um stofni norr\u00e6nna manna og Kelta. \u00deeir vir\u00f0ast hafa sameina\u00f0 skipulagsh\u00e6fni Nor\u00f0urlandab\u00faa og sk\u00e1ldg\u00e1fu hins keltneska kyns. \u00deeir stofnu\u00f0u s\u00e9rstakt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, sem bl\u00f3mstra\u00f0i \u00ed 300 \u00e1r (930-1262). Landnemarnir stofnu\u00f0u fyrsta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feing s\u00f6gunnar \u00e1ri\u00f0 930 \u00e1 \u00deingv\u00f6llum og k\u00f6llu\u00f0u Al\u00feingi. Al\u00feingi var hvort tveggja l\u00f6ggjafarsamkoma og d\u00f3mst\u00f3ll. Landnemarnir reyndu a\u00f0 leysa \u00e1rekstra og vi\u00f0halda fri\u00f0i eftir lei\u00f0um r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkisins. Engan vildu \u00feeir konung hafa n\u00e9 a\u00f0alsmenn og reyndar ekkert mi\u00f0st\u00fdrt framkv\u00e6mdavald. \u00deetta var einst\u00e6tt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsform \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma. \u00dea\u00f0 bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 hugsj\u00f3ninni um frelsi einstaklingsins, en var jafnframt gegns\u00fdrt jafna\u00f0aranda. \u00deetta hlj\u00f3mar fram\u00farstefnulegt, jafnvel enn \u00ed dag. \u00deetta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag var ekki einasta frj\u00e1lst og fars\u00e6lt, heldur lifir hugmyndaheimur \u00feess og gildismat \u00ed s\u00edgildum b\u00f3kmenntum, \u00cdslendingas\u00f6gum og Eddukv\u00e6\u00f0um, sem teljast til helstu andans afreka Mi\u00f0alda. \u00deessar b\u00f3kmenntir, sem voru skr\u00e1\u00f0ar \u00e1 hinu forna m\u00e1li v\u00edkinganna, eru sameiginleg uppspretta norr\u00e6nnar menningar.<\/p>\n
En land elds og \u00edsa er h\u00e6ttulegt land a\u00f0 lifa \u00ed. \u00cdsland er \u00e1 einu virkasta eldfjallasv\u00e6\u00f0i jar\u00f0ar. Vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mur jar\u00f0vegur lands undir heimskautsbaugi \u00e1 \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0ugu str\u00ed\u00f0i vi\u00f0 ey\u00f0ingar\u00f6lf eldgosa og ofbeitar. Loftslagsbreytingar, hin svokalla\u00f0a litla \u00eds\u00f6ld (1400-1880), n\u00e1tt\u00faruhamfarir og sj\u00fakd\u00f3msfaraldrar, \u00e1samt me\u00f0 gl\u00f6tu\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i, fyrst \u00ed hendur Noregskonunga og s\u00ed\u00f0ar Dana, kn\u00fa\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ina \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e6st \u00e1 ystu n\u00f6f \u00fatr\u00fdmingar \u00e1 19du \u00f6ld, \u00feegar fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungur \u00feeirra, sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u lifa\u00f0 af, g\u00e1fu upp alla von og fl\u00fa\u00f0u til Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku.<\/p>\n
\u00cdslendingar h\u00f3fu vegfer\u00f0 s\u00edna \u00e1 20stu \u00f6ld sem einhver f\u00e1t\u00e6kasta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pu. En \u00feeir voru ekki einasta \u00f6rsnau\u00f0ir, heldur sp\u00e1\u00f0u f\u00e1ir \u00feeim farheilla. Vi\u00f0 lok 20stu aldar eru \u00cdslendingar taldir \u00ed h\u00f3pi t\u00edu r\u00edkustu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a heims. 20sta \u00f6ldin hefur \u00fev\u00ed reynst \u00cdslendingum, \u00f6fugt vi\u00f0 margar a\u00f0rar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir, b\u00e6\u00f0i gj\u00f6ful og eftirl\u00e1t. Kannski er forsj\u00f3nin a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta \u00feeim upp sj\u00f6 alda harmkv\u00e6li. Hva\u00f0 ger\u00f0ist? \u00cdslendingar \u00e1unnu s\u00e9r heimastj\u00f3rn fr\u00e1 D\u00f6num \u00e1ri\u00f0 1904 og fullt sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1ri\u00f0 1918, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir h\u00e9ldu \u00e1fram konungssambandi vi\u00f0 Danm\u00f6rku, uns l\u00fd\u00f0veldi\u00f0 var stofna\u00f0 1944. Um lei\u00f0 og \u00cdslendingar g\u00e1tu r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 eigin m\u00e1lum sj\u00e1lfir, reyndust \u00feeir flj\u00f3tir a\u00f0 taka upp n\u00fdja t\u00e6kni og a\u00f0 beita henni vi\u00f0 n\u00fdtingu n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindanna: Hinna au\u00f0ugu fiskimi\u00f0a umhverfis landi\u00f0 og hinnar hreinu og endurn\u00fdjanlegu orku, sem f\u00f3lgin er \u00ed fossum landsins og \u00ed i\u00f0rum jar\u00f0ar. Hi\u00f0 \u00edslenska efnahagsundur \u00e1 20stu \u00f6ld, \u00feegar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in reis fr\u00e1 \u00f6rbirg\u00f0 til allsn\u00e6gta, hefur forsagnargildi fyrir a\u00f0rar sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir, sem n\u00fa hafa n\u00fdlega velt af s\u00e9r oki erlendra yfirr\u00e1\u00f0a og lagt upp \u00ed langfer\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1tt til sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rrar efnahags\u00fer\u00f3unar. Sem eitt hinna fimm norr\u00e6nu velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkja er \u00cdsland rei\u00f0ub\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 leggja fram sinn skerf til a\u00f0 r\u00e6kta og styrkja samstarf Nor\u00f0urlanda og Eystrasalt\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a og sameiginlegan framgang \u00feeirra \u00e1 21stu \u00f6ldinni. Sameiginlega getum vi\u00f0 n\u00e1\u00f0 miklum \u00e1rangri og um lei\u00f0 gefi\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum ver\u00f0ugt ford\u00e6mi.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar \u00cdslendingar eru spur\u00f0ir, hvers vegna \u00feeir hafi s\u00fdnt svo lifandi \u00e1huga \u00e1 bar\u00e1ttu Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a fyrir endurreisn sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is, og hvers vegna \u00cdslendingar ur\u00f0u fyrstir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna endurreisn sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is \u00feeirra, f\u00e6r ma\u00f0ur gjarnan svar eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessa lei\u00f0: Vi\u00f0 eigum sameiginlega s\u00f6gu. \u00c1 grundvelli hennar vonumst vi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 eiga sameiginlega framt\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hverjir eru \u00feessir \u00cdslendingar, og hva\u00f0an koma \u00feeir? \u00cdslendingar geta st\u00e1ta\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed, umfram flestar a\u00f0rar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir, a\u00f0 eiga skr\u00e1\u00f0ar heimildir um fund landsins og landn\u00e1m \u00e1 9du og 10du \u00f6ld. \u00deetta gerist \u00e1 \u00fat\u00feensluskei\u00f0i norr\u00e6nna manna, sem vi\u00f0 k\u00f6llum V\u00edkinga\u00f6ld, u.\u00fe.b. 800-1190, ef fall Dyflinar sem v\u00edkingavirkis \u00e1ri\u00f0 1190 er tali\u00f0 t\u00e1kna lok \u00feess t\u00edmabils. \u00c1 V\u00edkinga\u00f6ld leitu\u00f0u norr\u00e6nir menn \u00fat fr\u00e1 meginlandi Skand\u00ednav\u00edu austur og vestur og jafnvel su\u00f0ur \u00e1 b\u00f3ginn inn \u00ed ver\u00f6ld Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafsins. S\u00f3kn \u00feeirra yfir Atlantshafi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum me\u00f0 fundi og landn\u00e1mi F\u00e6reyja, \u00cdslands, Gr\u00e6nlands og loks meginlands Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku um \u00e1ri\u00f0 1000, var afrek, sem f\u00e6r\u00f0i \u00fat landam\u00e6ri hins \u00feekkta heims \u00feeirrar t\u00ed\u00f0ar, h\u00e1lfu \u00e1r\u00fe\u00fasundi \u00e1 undan K\u00f3lumbusi. \u00d3grynni heimilda hafa var\u00f0veist, \u00fe.\u00e1.m. \u00ed \u00cdslendingas\u00f6gum, um samskipti norr\u00e6nna manna, misjafnlega fri\u00f0samleg, og hinna \u00fdmsu \u00e6ttb\u00e1lka handan Eystrasalts, sem n\u00fa byggja \u00feau l\u00f6nd, sem vi\u00f0 k\u00f6llum Finnland, Eistland, Lettland og Lith\u00e1en og inn \u00ed R\u00fassland og \u00dakra\u00ednu. L\u00edv\u00f3n\u00eda, K\u00farland og K\u00e6nugar\u00f0ur eru kunnuglegt s\u00f6gusvi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00cdslendingas\u00f6gum. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2956,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130\/revisions\/2956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}