Hvort tveggja getur ekki veri\u00f0 r\u00e9tt. Hvorum \u00e1 a\u00f0 tr\u00faa, bankar\u00e1\u00f0smanninum e\u00f0a bankastj\u00f3runum? R\u00e9tt svar var\u00f0ar gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega almannahagsmuni. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed full \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til, a\u00f0 sannleikurinn ver\u00f0i leiddur \u00ed lj\u00f3s \u00ed r\u00e9ttarsal, \u00fear sem \u00e1\u00f0ur nefndir \u00e1byrg\u00f0armenn Icesave-reikningsins, sem n\u00fa liggur fyrir Al\u00feingi, ver\u00f0i kraf\u00f0ir svara, \u00e1minntir um sanns\u00f6gli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rifjum upp nokkrar lykilsta\u00f0reyndir. Upphaf Icesave m\u00e1 rekja til \u00feess, a\u00f0 bankanum var fj\u00e1r vant til a\u00f0 endurfj\u00e1rmagna skuldasafn sitt. L\u00e1nstrausti\u00f0 f\u00f3r \u00feverrandi, l\u00e1nal\u00ednur loku\u00f0ust og skuldatrygginga\u00e1l\u00f6g h\u00e6kku\u00f0u upp \u00far \u00f6llu valdi. Bankinn stefndi \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feegar \u00ed \u00ferot, eins og forr\u00e1\u00f0amenn hans fengu sta\u00f0fest me\u00f0 sk\u00fdrslu Buiter og Sibert snemma \u00e1rs 2008, \u00fear sem l\u00fdst var spilaborg, sem v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 hruni komin.<\/p>\n
Stofnun Icesave-\u00fatib\u00faanna \u00ed Bretlandi og Hollandi var m.\u00f6.o. \u00f6r\u00ferifar\u00e1\u00f0. Fr\u00e1 upphafi var lj\u00f3st, a\u00f0 veri\u00f0 var a\u00f0 taka mikla \u00e1h\u00e6ttu. Hver \u00e1tti a\u00f0 bera \u00e1byrg\u00f0ina, ef illa f\u00e6ri? B\u00e6\u00f0i bankastj\u00f3runum og bankar\u00e1\u00f0sm\u00f6nnunum, sem b\u00e1ru sameiginlega \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum, var fullkunnugt um, a\u00f0 hinn \u00edslenski tryggingarsj\u00f3\u00f0ur innist\u00e6\u00f0ueigenda v\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e6st t\u00f3mur. Samt \u00e1kv\u00e1\u00f0u \u00feessir menn a\u00f0 stofna \u00fatib\u00fa \u00e1 \u00e1byrg\u00f0 hans.<\/p>\n
\u00de\u00f3tt b\u00fai\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 loka heimas\u00ed\u00f0um Icesave \u00ed Bretlandi og Hollandi, m\u00e1 enn rifja upp \u00e1hrifar\u00edka marka\u00f0ssetningu \u00feeirra Landsbankamanna \u2013 hina\u201d t\u00e6ru snilld\u201d eins og Sigurj\u00f3n \u00de. \u00c1rnason l\u00fdsti henni eftirminnilega \u2013 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 leita inn \u00e1 web.archive.org. Undir li\u00f0num \u201cfinancial protection\u201d segja Icesave-menn: Sparifj\u00e1rinnist\u00e6\u00f0ur hj\u00e1 Icesave nj\u00f3ta verndar \u201cThe Icelandic Deposit Guarantees and Investor \u2013 Compensation Scheme\u201d. S\u00ed\u00f0an segir: \u201cGrei\u00f0slutryggingin samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu kerfi mi\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 fyrstu 20.887. evrurnar (e\u00f0a samb\u00e6rilega upph\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed sterlingspundum) \u00e1 innist\u00e6\u00f0ureikningum hj\u00e1 okkur.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hafi Kjartan Gunnarsson, varaforma\u00f0ur bankar\u00e1\u00f0sins, r\u00e9tt fyrir s\u00e9r um, a\u00f0 Landsbankinn hafi aldrei reikna\u00f0 me\u00f0 r\u00edkis\u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 l\u00e1gmarkstryggingu innist\u00e6\u00f0na, \u00fe\u00e1 vaknar n\u00fd spurning: Hvernig hann og a\u00f0rir eigendur LB \u00ed bankar\u00e1\u00f0inu h\u00f6f\u00f0u hugsa\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 standa vi\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarksskuldbindingar gagnvart vi\u00f0skiptavinum s\u00ednum?<\/p>\n
Eignir bankans, einar og s\u00e9r, hrukku hvergi n\u00e6rri fyrir skuldum (um 3000 millj\u00f6r\u00f0um \u00ed kr., \u00feegar sta\u00f0i\u00f0 var upp fr\u00e1 veislubor\u00f0um). \u00c6tlu\u00f0u \u00feeir virkilega, v\u00edsvitandi og af \u00e1settu r\u00e1\u00f0i, a\u00f0 v\u00edsa vi\u00f0skiptavinum s\u00ednum \u00e1 t\u00f3man sj\u00f3\u00f0 og neita s\u00ed\u00f0an allri \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00ed krafti heimatilb\u00fainna l\u00f6gsk\u00fdringa, eftir \u00e1? \u00c6tlu\u00f0u \u00feessir menn a\u00f0 hafa sparif\u00e9 af vi\u00f0skiptavinum s\u00ednum me\u00f0 gyllibo\u00f0um, sem aldrei st\u00f3\u00f0 til a\u00f0 standa vi\u00f0? Undir hva\u00f0a grein hegningarlaganna flokkast bankastarfsemi af \u00feessu tagi? Vill ekki einhver l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn uppl\u00fdsa \u00edslenska skattgrei\u00f0endur um \u00fea\u00f0?<\/p>\n
Ef Kjartan er hins vegar a\u00f0 segja \u00f3satt, en bankastj\u00f3rarnir hafa r\u00e9tt fyrir s\u00e9r um a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi haft \u201cvissu fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 mundi \u00e1byrgjast l\u00e1gmarksinnist\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00edslenskum b\u00f6nkum,\u201d \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00edkur m\u00e1linu \u00f6\u00f0ru v\u00edsi vi\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 var ekki \u00e6tlunin a\u00f0 hafa f\u00e9 af breskum og hollenskum sparifj\u00e1reigendum me\u00f0 v\u00edsvitandi blekkingum. \u00de\u00e1 vir\u00f0ist \u00e6tlunin hafa veri\u00f0 s\u00fa a\u00f0 framv\u00edsa reikningnum til \u00edslenskra skattgrei\u00f0enda, ef allt f\u00e6ri \u00e1 versta veg. \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0eins \u00feetta tvennt, sem kemur til greina. S\u00ednum augum l\u00edtur svo hver \u00e1 silfri\u00f0, eins og sagt er, \u00feegar a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed kemur a\u00f0 meta, hvor kosturinn var verri.<\/p>\n
\u00cdslenska fj\u00e1rm\u00e1laeftirliti\u00f0 (FME) vissi sem var, a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarksinnist\u00e6\u00f0utrygging l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt gilti einnig fyrir \u00fatib\u00fa \u00edslenskra banka, utan heimalandsins, \u00e1 EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00deess vegna ger\u00f0i FME atrennu a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 bankastj\u00f3ra Landsbankans til \u00feess a\u00f0 breyta rekstrarformi Icesave \u00far \u00fatib\u00fai \u00ed d\u00f3tturf\u00e9lag, \u00e1n \u00e1rangurs. Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson, se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ri, hefur \u00ed bla\u00f0avi\u00f0tali sagt, a\u00f0 forr\u00e1\u00f0amenn Landsbankans hafi lofa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra \u00feessa \u00e1h\u00e6ttus\u00f6mu fj\u00e1r\u00f6flunarstarfsemi yfir \u00ed d\u00f3tturf\u00e9lag, en a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi \u00fev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur sviki\u00f0 \u00feetta lofor\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Skv. sk\u00fdrslu, sem tekin var saman fyrir hollenska \u00feingi\u00f0, h\u00f6f\u00f0u hollenski Se\u00f0labankinn og breska Fj\u00e1rm\u00e1laeftirliti\u00f0 svo \u00feungar \u00e1hyggjur af \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 \u00edslenska bankakerfi\u00f0 stefndi \u00ed \u00ferot, og a\u00f0 hrun \u00fatib\u00faanna \u00ed Bretlandi og Hollandi g\u00e6ti hrundi\u00f0 af sta\u00f0 \u00e1hlaupi \u00e1 \u00feeirra eigin fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnanir \u2013 a\u00f0 \u00feau bu\u00f0ust til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 sig l\u00f6gbo\u00f0na innist\u00e6\u00f0utryggingu. \u00deessum tilm\u00e6lum h\u00f6fnu\u00f0u bankastj\u00f3rar Landsbankans \u00e1 \u00feeim forsendum, a\u00f0 \u00feeir hef\u00f0u vissu fyrir \u00fevi, a\u00f0 \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 \u201cmundi \u00e1byrgjast l\u00e1gmarkinnst\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00edslenskum b\u00f6nkum.\u201d<\/p>\n
Me\u00f0 yfirbo\u00f0um og gyllibo\u00f0um, sem n\u00e1nar var l\u00fdst \u00e1 heimas\u00ed\u00f0u Icesave-netbankans, t\u00f3kst forr\u00e1\u00f0am\u00f6nnum LB a\u00f0 f\u00e1 400.000 einstaklinga \u00ed Bretlandi og Hollandi til a\u00f0 treysta s\u00e9r fyrir umsj\u00e1, \u00e1v\u00f6xtun og endurgrei\u00f0slu \u00e1 1.244 millj\u00f6r\u00f0um \u00ed kr \u2013 eitt\u00fe\u00fasundtv\u00f6hundur\u00f0fj\u00f6rut\u00eduogfj\u00f3rum millj\u00f6r\u00f0um. \u00deetta slagar h\u00e1tt upp \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slu okkar \u00cdslendinga. Icesave-samningurinn gerir hins vegar r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 Bretar og Hollendingar skipti reikningsupph\u00e6\u00f0inni \u00e1 milli s\u00edn og \u00cdslendinga.<\/p>\n
Fyrir l\u00f6ngu er lj\u00f3st, a\u00f0 forr\u00e1\u00f0amenn Landsbankans brug\u00f0ust trausti vi\u00f0skiptavina sinna. Bresk og hollensk stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka skuldbindingar \u00feeirra \u00e1 sig. \u00deessir menn hafa ekki l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00fear vi\u00f0 sitja. \u00deeir hafa l\u00edka brug\u00f0ist trausti \u00edslenskra stj\u00f3rnvalda og um lei\u00f0 \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni, sem \u00feeir hafa n\u00fa framsent reikninginn. Og n\u00fa eru \u00e1byrg\u00f0armennirnir or\u00f0nir opinberlega tv\u00edsaga: Varaforma\u00f0ur bankar\u00e1\u00f0sins segist bara hafa \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e9fletta \u00fatlendinga me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 v\u00edsa \u00feeim \u00e1 t\u00f3man tryggingarsj\u00f3\u00f0. Bankastj\u00f3rarnir segjast a\u00f0 v\u00edsu hafa \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 framv\u00edsa reikningnum til \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins, sem \u00feeir s\u00f6g\u00f0ust hafa vissu fyrir a\u00f0 myndi borga l\u00e1gmarkstrygginguna.<\/p>\n
Er ekki t\u00edmab\u00e6rt a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i bankastj\u00f3rarnir og forsvarsmenn bankar\u00e1\u00f0sins ver\u00f0i leiddir \u00ed r\u00e9ttarsal og l\u00e1tnir svara \u00fev\u00ed \u2013 \u00e1minntir um sanns\u00f6gli \u2013 hvorir hafi r\u00e9tt fyrir s\u00e9r. V\u00e6ri ekki r\u00e1\u00f0 a\u00f0 spyrja \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed lei\u00f0inni, hva\u00f0 hafi or\u00f0i\u00f0 af peningunum? Og hvernig \u00feeir hafi hugsa\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a til baka eitthva\u00f0 af skuldum s\u00ednum, \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00edslenskir skattgrei\u00f0endur ver\u00f0a kraf\u00f0ir um borgun fyrir \u00feeirra h\u00f6nd?<\/p>\n