H\u00e9r koma fyrst tv\u00e6r \u00feekktar tilvitnanir, okkur til umhugsunar, \u00e1\u00f0ur en lengra er haldi\u00f0: \u201eFall Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna er st\u00e6rsta s\u00f6gulega slysi\u00f0, sem henti \u00e1 20stu \u00f6ldinni<\/i>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u00e9\u00f0 af sj\u00f3narh\u00f3li li\u00f0sforingja \u00ed sov\u00e9sku leyni\u00fej\u00f3nustunni (KGB) er eftirsj\u00e1 Putins<\/b> eftir g\u00f6mlu Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum skiljanleg. H\u00f6fum \u00ed huga, a\u00f0 n\u00fdlenduherrar allra t\u00edma, \u00feeirra \u00e1 me\u00f0al breskir, franskir og sp\u00e6nskir, svo a\u00f0 nefnd s\u00e9u d\u00e6mi, hafa r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tt n\u00fdlendustefnu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a sinna me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 veri\u00f0 v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra \u00fat landam\u00e6ri si\u00f0menningarinnar.<\/p>\n
H\u00e9r kemur \u00f6nnur tilvitnun, sem s\u00e6tir ef til vill meiri fur\u00f0u: \u201e\u00c9g skora \u00e1 ykkur, \u00dakra\u00ednumenn, a\u00f0 hafna \u00f6fgakenndri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernishyggju og var\u00f0veita \u00feess \u00ed sta\u00f0 einingu Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna, \u00ed nafni fri\u00f0ar og st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika<\/i>\u201c.<\/p>\n
Hver er h\u00f6fundurinn, sem virtist vera svona sta\u00f0fastur \u00ed tr\u00fa sinni \u00e1 fri\u00f0samlegu e\u00f0li Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna? Hvort sem \u00fei\u00f0 tr\u00fai\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed e\u00f0a ekki, var hann enginn annar en forseti Bandar\u00edkjanna, Bush eldri<\/b>, \u00ed alr\u00e6mdri r\u00e6\u00f0u, sem hann flutti \u00ed Verkovna Rada<\/i>, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feinginu \u00ed Kyiv, h\u00f6fu\u00f0borg \u00dakra\u00ednu, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1991, f\u00e1einum m\u00e1nu\u00f0um \u00e1\u00f0ur en Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin l\u00f6g\u00f0u endanlega upp laupana.<\/p>\n
\u00c9g \u00feykist viss um, a\u00f0 \u00feessi r\u00e6\u00f0a Bush hef\u00f0i hlj\u00f3ma\u00f0 eins og m\u00fas\u00edk \u00ed eyrum Putins, Kremlarb\u00f3nda, ef h\u00fan hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 flutt \u00e1 Rau\u00f0a torginu 9. ma\u00ed s.l., \u00feegar R\u00fassar f\u00f6gnu\u00f0u \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 70 \u00e1r voru li\u00f0in fr\u00e1 sigri \u00feeirra yfir innr\u00e1sarher \u00fe\u00fdsku nazistanna \u00ed seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ldinni.<\/p>\n
\u00deessar tilvitnanir vekja upp margar spurningar. Um hva\u00f0 snerist Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0? Frelsi gegn alr\u00e6\u00f0isstj\u00f3rn<\/i>? Hvernig m\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vera, a\u00f0 \u00e1 seinustu metrunum \u00ed kapphlaupi st\u00f3rveldanna, sem vi\u00f0 kennum vi\u00f0 Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0, var vi\u00f0teknum sannindum skyndilega sn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00e1 haus? H\u00e9r heyrum vi\u00f0 lei\u00f0toga l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja Vesturlanda skora \u00e1 undiroka\u00f0ar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 \u00f6rl\u00f6g s\u00edn \u2013 til \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0<\/i> m\u00e6ttum \u00e1fram nj\u00f3ta fri\u00f0ar og st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika. \u00daff!<\/p>\n2. Frelsisbar\u00e1tta Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a.<\/h3>\n
Frelsisbar\u00e1tta Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a kvikna\u00f0i ekki einasta af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri vakningu. \u00deessar \u00ferj\u00e1r sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir, sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u m\u00e1tt \u00feola innr\u00e1s, innlimun og hern\u00e1m af h\u00e1lfu Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna, vildu endurreisa sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i sitt. En \u00feetta var l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isbylting um lei\u00f0. Leitogar sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ishreyfinga ykkar h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00feess vegna \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 \u00e6tla, a\u00f0 \u00feeim yr\u00f0i teki\u00f0 opnum \u00f6rmum af lei\u00f0togum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja Vesturlanda.<\/p>\n
En \u00fea\u00f0 var n\u00fa \u00f6\u00f0ru n\u00e6r. M\u00f3tt\u00f6kurnar voru v\u00e6gast sagt kuldalegar.\u00deeir voru me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0ir eins og bo\u00f0flennur \u00ed br\u00e6\u00f0ralagi st\u00f3rveldanna. \u00deeir voru \u00e1minntir um a\u00f0 s\u00fdna \u00e1byrg\u00f0artilfinningu me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 spilla ekki fri\u00f0num, sem g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e6ttu. \u00deeim var r\u00e1\u00f0lagt a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lami\u00f0lun um aukna heimastj\u00f3rn og a\u00f0 semja vi\u00f0 h\u00fasb\u00e6ndur s\u00edna \u00ed Kreml, \u00e1n fyrirfram skilyr\u00f0a<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Hvers vegna?<\/b> Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fatganga ykkar \u00far Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum g\u00e6ti spillt fri\u00f0num. Ef ykkur v\u00e6ri leyft a\u00f0 yfirgefa Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin, g\u00e6ti \u00fea\u00f0 haft \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r aflei\u00f0ingar, sem oft var l\u00fdst \u00e1 \u00feessa lei\u00f0: Gorbachev<\/b> \u2013 samstarfsmanni okkar vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 binda endi \u00e1 Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 \u2013 yr\u00f0i steypt af st\u00f3li. Har\u00f0l\u00ednumennirnir \u2013 g\u00f6mlu stal\u00ednistarnir \u00ed Kreml \u2013 k\u00e6must \u00fe\u00e1 aftur til valda. \u00dear me\u00f0 brytist Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 aftur \u00fat. \u00cd versta tilviki \u2013 ef Rau\u00f0a hernum yr\u00f0i beitt til a\u00f0 halda \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um Mi\u00f0- og Austur-Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1fram undir j\u00e1rnh\u00e6l Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna \u2013 g\u00e6ti jafnvel brotist \u00fat str\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Lei\u00f0togar Vesturveldanna h\u00f6f\u00f0u r\u00e9tt s\u00e9r fyrir s\u00e9r a\u00f0 einu leyti: \u00dea\u00f0 var heilmiki\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00fafi.<\/b> Frelsun \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a Mi\u00f0- og Austur-Evr\u00f3pu undan sov\u00e9skum yfirr\u00e1\u00f0um; fri\u00f0samleg endursameining \u00de\u00fdskalands og \u00e1framhaldandi vera sameina\u00f0s \u00de\u00fdskalands \u00ed NATO; afvopnunarsamningar um hvort tveggja, kjarnavopn og venjuleg vopn; f\u00e6kkun \u00ed herjum og heimkva\u00f0ning hern\u00e1msli\u00f0a.<\/p>\n
\u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li: Vi\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0um frammi fyrir grundvallarspurningum um str\u00ed\u00f0 e\u00f0a fri\u00f0<\/i>. Og allt \u00feetta var, a\u00f0 s\u00f6gn, komi\u00f0 undir polit\u00edskum \u00f6rl\u00f6gum eins einstaklings. Hann h\u00e9t Mihail Sergeivich Gorbachev<\/b>. \u00dea\u00f0 yr\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda honum \u00e1 valdast\u00f3li, hva\u00f0 sem \u00fea\u00f0 kosta\u00f0i. Ef \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdddi, a\u00f0 halda yr\u00f0i Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum saman, \u00fe\u00e1 yr\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 svo a\u00f0 vera. \u00c1ttu lei\u00f0togar Vesturveldanna a\u00f0 leyfa einhverjum nafnlausum uppreisnarm\u00f6nnum \u00e1 ja\u00f0ri Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna a\u00f0 tefla sj\u00e1lfum heimsfri\u00f0num \u00ed tv\u00eds\u00fdnu? Spyrjir\u00f0u vitlausrar spurningar, f\u00e6r\u00f0u venjulega vitlaust svar.<\/p>\n
Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 segja skili\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin stilltu Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0irnar lei\u00f0togum Vesturveldanna upp frammi fyrir vanda, sem \u00feeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfir b\u00fai\u00f0 til. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 leggja allt undir \u00ed endatafli Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins, um a\u00f0 samningsa\u00f0ilinn h\u00e9ldi v\u00f6ldum sem a\u00f0alritari Komm\u00fanistaflokks Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna, h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00feeir \u00ed reynd selt honum sj\u00e1lfd\u00e6mi um ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0una. Hv\u00edl\u00edk mist\u00f6k! Hv\u00edl\u00edk gl\u00f3pska!<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var \u00feess vegna<\/b> sem Bush eldri flutti \u00feessa alr\u00e6mdu r\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed Kyiv, sem seinna f\u00e9kk sm\u00e1narheiti\u00f0 \u201eThe Chicken Speech<\/i>\u201c.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var \u00feess vegna<\/b> sem Kohl<\/b>, kanslari og Mitterand<\/b>, forseti, skrifu\u00f0u Landsbergis<\/b>, lei\u00f0toga Sajudis<\/i>, sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ishreyfingar Lit\u00e1a, sameiginlegt br\u00e9f, \u00fear sem \u00feeir skoru\u00f0u \u00e1 hann a\u00f0 fresta framkv\u00e6md sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isyfirl\u00fdsingarinnar fr\u00e1 11. mars, 1990.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var \u00feess vegna<\/b> sem utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herrar l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega kj\u00f6rinna r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rna Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a voru ger\u00f0ir afturreka fr\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0stefnum, \u00fear sem fjalla\u00f0 var um hina n\u00fdju heimsmynd, sem \u00e6tti a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0inu loknu.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var \u00feess vegna<\/b> sem realpolitik<\/i> lei\u00f0toga vestr\u00e6nna l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja var \u00ed reynd \u00f6ll \u00f6nnur en h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0arr\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feeirra um l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i, sj\u00e1lfs\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarr\u00e9tt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a og mannr\u00e9ttindi, g\u00e1fu \u00ed skyn. \u00deeir t\u00f6lu\u00f0u tungum tveim og sitt me\u00f0 hvorri.<\/p>\n
Og \u00fea\u00f0 var \u00feess vegna<\/b> sem \u00cdsland \u2013 \u00ed nafni samst\u00f6\u00f0u sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a<\/i> \u2013 reyndi a\u00f0 afla stu\u00f0nings me\u00f0al annarra sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isbar\u00e1ttu ykkar, \u00fear sem lei\u00f0togar st\u00f3r\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna t\u00f3ku greinilega a\u00f0ra hagsmuni fram yfir l\u00edfshagsmuni ykkar.<\/p>\n3. Jan\u00faar 1991.<\/h3>\n
Jan\u00faar 1991 skipti sk\u00f6pum. Har\u00f0l\u00ednumennirnir \u00ed Kreml \u2013 sem Gorbachev \u00feurfti \u00e6 oftar a\u00f0 rei\u00f0a sig \u00e1 \u2013 \u00e1kv\u00e1\u00f0u a\u00f0 taka Bush forseta \u00e1 or\u00f0inu<\/i> og koma \u00ed veg fyrir, a\u00f0 Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0irnar seg\u00f0u sig \u00far l\u00f6gum vi\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin \u2013 me\u00f0 valdi, ef nau\u00f0syn kref\u00f0i.<\/p>\n
R\u00e9ttl\u00e6tingin, sem borin var fram, hlj\u00f3mar kunnuglega \u00ed eyrum okkar n\u00fa, \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess sem er a\u00f0 gerast \u00ed \u00dakra\u00ednu. \u00c1\u00e6tlunin snerist um a\u00f0 efna til \u00e1rekstra milli \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernish\u00f3pa til \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ta \u00edhlutun hersins \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 vernda \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernisminnihluta. Herinn \u00e1tti s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 l\u00f6gum og reglu, \u00ed krafti ney\u00f0arlaga.<\/p>\n
Skri\u00f0drekarnir l\u00f6g\u00f0u af sta\u00f0. S\u00e9rsveitir hert\u00f3ku herna\u00f0arlega mikilv\u00e6ga sta\u00f0i. Dr\u00e1psmask\u00ednan var \u00ed vi\u00f0brag\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1tti a\u00f0 setja af l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega kj\u00f6rin \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feing og r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir og koma \u00e1 ney\u00f0arstj\u00f3rn fr\u00e1 Moskvu.<\/p>\n
Vi\u00f0 \u00feessar kringumst\u00e6\u00f0ur var \u00e9g eini utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herra NATO-r\u00edkis, sem br\u00e1st vi\u00f0 ney\u00f0arkalli um a\u00f0 s\u00fdna samst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed verki me\u00f0 Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um \u00e1 h\u00e6ttustundu. \u00cd \u00feessari fer\u00f0 heims\u00f3tti \u00e9g h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgirnar \u00ferj\u00e1r \u2013 Vilnius, Riga og Tallinn. \u00dear var \u00e9g pers\u00f3nulega vitni a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir voru rei\u00f0ub\u00fanar, einar og yfirgefnar og vopnlausar, a\u00f0 leggja l\u00edfi\u00f0 a\u00f0 ve\u00f0i fyrir frelsi sitt og sj\u00e1lfsvir\u00f0ingu.<\/p>\n
Hvers vegna gugnu\u00f0u ofbeldisseggirnir \u00e1 seinustu stundu?<\/b> Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir horf\u00f0ust \u00ed augu vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 sta\u00f0reynd, a\u00f0 \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir mundu ekki beygja sig fyrir ofbeldinu. \u00d3rofa samsta\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna og einbeittur p\u00f3lit\u00edskur vilji \u00e1 \u00f6rlagastundu n\u00e6g\u00f0i til a\u00f0 sannf\u00e6ra handhafa fri\u00f0arver\u00f0launa Nobels \u00ed Kreml um, a\u00f0 hann st\u00f3\u00f0 n\u00fa frammi fyrir \u201esannleiksaugnabliki\u201c s\u00ednu. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 afst\u00fdra bl\u00f3\u00f0ba\u00f0inu \u00e1 seinustu stundu, bjarga\u00f0i Gorbachev s\u00e1lu sinni \u2013 og sess s\u00ednum \u00ed s\u00f6gunni<\/i>.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar \u00e1 reyndi, ur\u00f0u menn a\u00f0 horfast \u00ed augu vi\u00f0 \u00feann veruleika, a\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum var\u00f0 ekki haldi\u00f0 saman nema me\u00f0 valdbeitingu<\/i>. Valdbeiting tryggir hvorki fri\u00f0 n\u00e9 st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika \u2013 heldur \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti. Fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 atbur\u00f0unum \u00ed jan\u00faar 1991 m\u00e1tti \u00f6llum lj\u00f3st vera, a\u00f0 stefna lei\u00f0toga Vesturveldanna gagnvart endurreistu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, haf\u00f0i be\u00f0i\u00f0 skipbrot.<\/b><\/p>\n
Sagan kennir okkur, a\u00f0 \u00feegar valdast\u00e9ttin \u00ed alr\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edki hefur ekki lengur kjark til a\u00f0 beita valdi \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 upphafi\u00f0 a\u00f0 endalokunum. <\/b><\/p>\n4. Endalok n\u00fdlenduveldisins.<\/h3>\n
\u00deann 19. \u00e1g\u00fast 1991 h\u00f3fst r\u00e1s atbur\u00f0a, sem enda\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 endurreist sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0la\u00f0ist vi\u00f0urkenningu al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamf\u00e9lagsins. Og f\u00e1einum m\u00e1nu\u00f0um s\u00ed\u00f0ar voru Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin ekki lengur til.<\/p>\n
Atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1sin byrja\u00f0i \u00ed g\u00f6tuv\u00edgunum \u00ed Moskvu. \u00dea\u00f0an barst h\u00fan til Reykjav\u00edkur viku s\u00ed\u00f0ar, \u00fear sem fram f\u00f3r l\u00e1tlaus ath\u00f6fn \u00ed H\u00f6f\u00f0a<\/i>, sem \u00e1\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i h\u00fdst lei\u00f0togafund Reagans<\/b> og Gorbachevs<\/b> 1986. S\u00e1 fundur reyndist s\u00ed\u00f0ar hafa marka\u00f0 upphafi\u00f0 a\u00f0 endalokum Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins. Leyfi\u00f0 m\u00e9r a\u00f0 stikla \u00e1 st\u00f3ru um atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1sina \u00feessa \u00f6rlagar\u00edku daga:<\/p>\n
Valdar\u00e1nstilraunin \u00ed Moskvu h\u00f3fst 19. \u00e1g\u00fast, 1991.<\/p>\n
Tveimur d\u00f6gum s\u00ed\u00f0ar h\u00e9ldu utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herrar NATO fund sinn \u00ed Br\u00fcssel. Fundurinn var haldinn \u00ed skugga valdar\u00e1nsins \u00ed Moskvu. Enginn vissi \u00e1 \u00feeirri stundu, hver f\u00f3r m\u00f0 h\u00fasb\u00f3ndavaldi\u00f0 \u00ed Kreml. A\u00f0alritari NATO, Manfred Woerner<\/b>, var fali\u00f0 a\u00f0 freista \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00e1 beinu sambandi vi\u00f0 Boris Yeltsin<\/b> \u00ed Moskvu.<\/p>\n
H\u00e1lfri stundu s\u00ed\u00f0ar var fundi fram haldi\u00f0 og Woerner flutti okkur skilabo\u00f0 fr\u00e1 Yeltsin. Valdar\u00e1nstilraunin hef\u00f0i misheppnast. L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00f6flin, undir forystu hans, Yeltsins, hef\u00f0u n\u00e1\u00f0 undirt\u00f6kunum. Yeltsin skora\u00f0i \u00e1 utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herra NATO-r\u00edkja \u00ed Br\u00fcssel a\u00f0 gera \u00feegar \u00ed sta\u00f0 allt sem \u00ed \u00feeirra valdi st\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00f6flin innan Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna<\/i>.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar r\u00f6\u00f0in kom a\u00f0 m\u00e9r a\u00f0 tala, lag\u00f0i \u00e9g til hli\u00f0ar undirb\u00fana r\u00e6\u00f0u \u2013 eins og stundum \u00e1\u00f0ur. \u00c9g ba\u00f0 samr\u00e1\u00f0herra m\u00edna a\u00f0 \u00edgrunda gaumg\u00e6filega gerbreytta st\u00f6\u00f0u m\u00e1la. Gamla vi\u00f0lagi\u00f0, a\u00f0 ekkert m\u00e6tti segja e\u00f0a gera, sem tefldi valdast\u00f6\u00f0u Gorbachevs \u00ed h\u00e6ttu og leitt g\u00e6ti har\u00f0l\u00ednumennina aftur til valda, v\u00e6ri n\u00fa \u00farelt. Har\u00f0l\u00ednumennirnir hef\u00f0u l\u00e1ti\u00f0 til skarar skr\u00ed\u00f0a og mistekist.<\/p>\n
Gorbachev, forseta, sem n\u00fa ber\u00f0ist vonlausri bar\u00e1ttu fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum saman undir n\u00fdrri stj\u00f3rnaskr\u00e1, hef\u00f0i l\u00edka mistekist. Hinn n\u00fdi lei\u00f0togi R\u00fasslands v\u00e6ri Boris Yeltsin. Hann hef\u00f0i \u00feegar, sem forseti r\u00fassnesku d\u00famunnar, skora\u00f0 \u00e1 r\u00fassneska hermenn a\u00f0 beita ekki valdi gegn fri\u00f0samlegum sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ishreyfingum Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a.<\/p>\n
\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0fulltr\u00faar\u00e1\u00f0 (Congress of Peoples\u00b4 Deputies) Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna hef\u00f0i \u00feegar l\u00fdst Molotov-Ribbentrop<\/b> samninginn \u00f3gildan. \u00dear me\u00f0 hef\u00f0i l\u00f6ggjafarsamkunda Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna vi\u00f0urkennt, a\u00f0 hern\u00e1m og innlimun Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin hafi veri\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00f6glegt ofbeldisverk.<\/p>\n
Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0irnar hef\u00f0u m\u00e1tt \u00feola k\u00fagun sov\u00e9ska n\u00fdlenduveldisins, t.d. me\u00f0 \u00edtreku\u00f0um nau\u00f0ungarflutningum \u00ed \u00fer\u00e6lab\u00fa\u00f0ir g\u00falagsins, og r\u00fassneskun<\/i> stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu, menningar og mennta. Allt \u00feetta bryti \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 grundvallarreglur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arr\u00e9ttar og samskiptareglur r\u00edkja, sem n\u00fa v\u00e6ru bo\u00f0a\u00f0ar. Okkur b\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg skylda til a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja endurreist sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en frelsun \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a Mi\u00f0- og Austur-Evr\u00f3pu undan oki sov\u00e9skrar n\u00fdlendustj\u00f3rnar.<\/p>\n5. \u201eMission Accomplished\u201c.<\/h3>\n
Vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0in vi\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0u minni voru kusteisleg \u00fe\u00f6gn. \u00c1 heimlei\u00f0inni \u201ehert\u00f3k\u201c \u00e9g \u00edslenska sendir\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn. \u00c9g sat vi\u00f0 s\u00edmann langt fram eftir n\u00f3ttu til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 sambandi vi\u00f0 Tallinn, Riga og Viln\u00edus. Bo\u00f0skapur minn var einfaldur.<\/p>\n
T\u00edmasetningin getur skipt sk\u00f6pum \u00ed p\u00f3lit\u00edk. T\u00edminn til a\u00f0 a\u00f0hafast er n\u00fana.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00c9g sendi bo\u00f0sbr\u00e9f til utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herra Eystrasaltsr\u00edkjanna um a\u00f0 koma til Reykjav\u00edkur, \u00fear sem vi\u00f0 mundum ganga fr\u00e1 formlegri vi\u00f0urkenningu \u00e1 endurreistu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i og koma \u00e1 dipl\u00f3mat\u00edskum samskiptum. \u00c9g l\u00fdsti \u00feeirri sko\u00f0un minni, a\u00f0 a\u00f0rir myndu fylgja \u00ed f\u00f3tspor okkar. Vi\u00f0 yr\u00f0um a\u00f0 nota t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri\u00f0, sem n\u00fa g\u00e6fist, me\u00f0an p\u00f3lit\u00edskt t\u00f3mar\u00fam r\u00edkti \u00ed Moskvu, til a\u00f0 a\u00f0hafast, svo a\u00f0 ekki yr\u00f0i aftur sn\u00fai\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herrarnir, Lennart Meri<\/b> fr\u00e1 Eistlandi, Janis Jurkans<\/b> fr\u00e1 Lettlandi og Algirdas Saudargas<\/b> fr\u00e1 Lit\u00e1en komu til Reykjav\u00edkur 25. \u00e1g\u00fast. \u00deann 26. \u00e1g\u00fast f\u00f3r fram l\u00e1tlaus ath\u00f6fn \u00ed H\u00f6f\u00f0a \u2013 fundarsta\u00f0 Reagans<\/b> og Gorbachevs fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed fimm \u00e1rum \u00e1\u00f0ur \u2013 \u00fear sem vi\u00f0 undirritu\u00f0um vi\u00f0eigandi skj\u00f6l og s\u00f6g\u00f0um f\u00e1ein or\u00f0 um s\u00f6gulegt gildi \u00feessarar athafnar.<\/p>\n
Fr\u00e9ttirnar h\u00f6f\u00f0u varla fyrr flogi\u00f0 um heimsbygg\u00f0ina, \u00e1\u00f0ur en utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herrarnir \u00fer\u00edr \u2013 sem \u00e1\u00f0ur h\u00f6f\u00f0u veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ir afturreka fr\u00e1 fundum al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamf\u00e9lagsins sem varasamir fri\u00f0arspillar \u2013 h\u00f6f\u00f0u varla undan a\u00f0 \u00feiggja bo\u00f0 um a\u00f0 koma vi\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgum Evr\u00f3pu til a\u00f0 endurtaka \u00fea\u00f0, sem gerst haf\u00f0i \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Ferli\u00f0 var or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f3afturkallanlegt<\/i>. Fyrir mig var \u00feetta \u201emission accomplished<\/i>\u201c \u2013 \u00e6tlunarverki loki\u00f0. Bandar\u00edkin komu \u00feessu \u00ed verk einhverjum vikum s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u2013 degi \u00e1 undan Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkunum, ef \u00e9g man r\u00e9tt. F\u00e1einum m\u00e1nu\u00f0um s\u00ed\u00f0ar voru Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin ekki lengur til.<\/p>\n6. \u00d3\u00fe\u00e6gilegar spurningar.<\/h3>\n
N\u00fa, \u00feegar \u00feessi saga er rifju\u00f0 upp, aldarfj\u00f3r\u00f0ungi s\u00ed\u00f0ar, er m\u00f6rgum spurningum \u00f3svara\u00f0. Ein spurningin er \u00feessi: Voru lei\u00f0togar vestr\u00e6nna l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja virkilega svo kaldrifja\u00f0ir, a\u00f0 \u00feeir v\u00e6ru rei\u00f0ub\u00fanir a\u00f0 f\u00f3rna frelsi ykkar fyrir p\u00f3lit\u00edskan \u00e1vinning \u00ed samningum vi\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin? \u00de\u00f3tt m\u00e1li\u00f0 l\u00edti \u00feannig \u00fat, er veruleikinn kannski \u00f6gn fl\u00f3knari.<\/p>\n
H\u00f6fum \u00ed huga, a\u00f0 Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0irnar h\u00f6f\u00f0u horfi\u00f0 af landakortinu og \u00fear me\u00f0 af p\u00f3lit\u00edskum ratskj\u00e1m samt\u00edmans, \u00ed n\u00e6stum h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld. \u00de\u00e6r voru or\u00f0nar \u201egleymdar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir\u201c. Til marks um \u00feetta er samtal, sem \u00e9g \u00e1tti \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma vi\u00f0 samr\u00e1\u00f0herra fr\u00e1 \u00f3nefndri Evr\u00f3pu\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 um r\u00e9tt Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a til endurreists sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is. Svar hans er m\u00e9r minnisst\u00e6tt: \u201eHafa \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir ekki alltaf tilheyrt R\u00fasslandi \u00ed reynd<\/i>\u201c?<\/p>\n
Hafi \u00feetta veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0tekin sko\u00f0un \u00ed kansell\u00edum Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma, m\u00e1 vera a\u00f0 lei\u00f0togunum hafi ekki fundist \u00feeir vera a\u00f0 f\u00f3rna neinu, sem m\u00e1li skipti.<\/p>\n
H\u00f6fum hugfast, a\u00f0 forystur\u00edki Vesturlanda \u2013 St\u00f3ra Bretland (Sameina\u00f0a konungsr\u00edki\u00f0), Frakkland, Sp\u00e1nn og jafnvel Bandar\u00edkin \u2013 eru \u00f6ll fyrrverandi n\u00fdlenduveldi. Bandar\u00edkjamenn h\u00e1\u00f0u grimmilega borgarastyrj\u00f6ld til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir sundrungu alr\u00edkisins. Sameina\u00f0a konungsr\u00edki\u00f0, St\u00f3ra Bretland, er n\u00fa \u00ed tilvistarkreppu vegna \u00f3tta vi\u00f0 upplausn sambandsr\u00edkisins. \u00deessi g\u00f6mlu n\u00fdlenduveldi \u2013 t\u00f6kum breska heimsveldi\u00f0 og \u00fea\u00f0 franska sem d\u00e6mi \u2013 hafa h\u00e1\u00f0 styrjaldir til \u00feess a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir upplausn n\u00fdlenduvelda \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er varla vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faast, a\u00f0 lei\u00f0toga gamalla n\u00fdlenduvelda s\u00e9 a\u00f0 finna \u00ed fremstu r\u00f6\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 verja r\u00e9tt sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a til sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is. \u00deess eru ekki m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi, a\u00f0 sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir hafi \u00f6\u00f0last sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i fyrri atbeina n\u00fdlenduherra sinna. Skrifa\u00f0 stendur: \u201eL\u00fd\u00f0ur b\u00ed\u00f0 ei lausnarans, leys \u00feig sj\u00e1lfur\u201c. Vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r kringumst\u00e6\u00f0ur getur kj\u00f6ror\u00f0i\u00f0 um \u201esamst\u00f6\u00f0u sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a\u201c stundum reynst hafa prakt\u00edska \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir allt<\/i>.<\/p>\n7. Hvers vegna \u00cdsland?<\/h3>\n
\u00c9g er \u00f3sjaldan spur\u00f0ur: Hvers vegna \u00feor\u00f0i \u00cdsland a\u00f0 r\u00edsa gegn r\u00e1\u00f0andi vi\u00f0horfum, sem nutu stu\u00f0nings helstu lei\u00f0toga Vesturveldanna, \u00ed m\u00e1li sem var\u00f0a\u00f0i ekki \u00edslenska \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arhagsmuni? \u00ddmsar sk\u00fdringar hafa veri\u00f0 bornar fram \u00e1 \u00feessari heg\u00f0un.<\/p>\n
Ein sk\u00fdringin er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 \u00cdsland hafi, vegna fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0ar fr\u00e1 vettvangi, og \u00f6fugt vi\u00f0 grann\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir, sem deila landam\u00e6rum me\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum, ekki \u00feurft a\u00f0 \u00f3ttast aflei\u00f0ingar ger\u00f0a sinna. \u00deessi tilg\u00e1ta stenst ekki sko\u00f0un.<\/p>\n
Allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00cdsland h\u00e1\u00f0i \u00deorskastr\u00ed\u00f0in<\/i> vi\u00f0 Breta, \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0verja og fleiri (1954-76), sem snerust um \u00fatf\u00e6rslu au\u00f0lindal\u00f6gs\u00f6gu strandr\u00edkja \u00ed 200 sj\u00f3m\u00edlur \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum, beittu Bretar ekki einasta flota hennar h\u00e1tignar til a\u00f0 vernda vei\u00f0i\u00fej\u00f3fa innan \u00edslenskrar l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu, heldur settu \u00feeir vi\u00f0skiptabann<\/i> \u00e1 \u00cdsland (1954). Bretland var \u00fe\u00e1 helsti marka\u00f0ur okkar fyrir sj\u00e1varafur\u00f0ir. \u00deetta ger\u00f0ist, \u00feegar Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e1punkti.<\/p>\n
\u00de\u00e1 sk\u00e1rust Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin \u00ed leikinn og bu\u00f0ust til a\u00f0 kaupa allar okkar sj\u00e1varafur\u00f0ir \u00ed skiptum fyrir ol\u00edu. Allt fr\u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma var \u00cdsland h\u00e1\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjunum um eldsneyti fyrir fiskvei\u00f0iflotann \u2013 l\u00edf\u00e6\u00f0 okkar hagkerfis. \u00cdsland kom n\u00e6st Finnlandi, a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er var\u00f0ar h\u00e1tt hlutfall utanr\u00edkisverslunar vi\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin. Vi\u00f0 ur\u00f0um \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka yfirvega\u00f0a \u00e1h\u00e6ttu. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu ber a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna a\u00f0 vegna efnahagslegrar hnignunar Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna annars vegar og annarra marka\u00f0a, sem st\u00f3\u00f0u okkur opnir hins vegar, var \u00feessi \u00e1h\u00e6tta ekki eins mikil \u00ed reynd og virtist vi\u00f0 fyrstu s\u00fdn.<\/p>\n
\u00d6nnur sk\u00fdring, sem \u00e1 uppruna sinn \u00ed bandar\u00edska utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0uneytinu, hefur a\u00f0 v\u00edsu fari\u00f0 laumulega, en er engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur sta\u00f0fastlega haldi\u00f0 fram. \u00deegar bandar\u00edskir stj\u00f3rnarerindrekar telja sig \u00feurfa a\u00f0 gefa sk\u00fdringar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, hvers vegna stu\u00f0ningur bandar\u00edskra stj\u00f3rnvalda vi\u00f0 endurreist sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a l\u00e9t \u00e1 s\u00e9r standa, vitna \u00feeir a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u til \u00feess, a\u00f0 sem heimsveldi me\u00f0 skuldbindingar v\u00edtt og breitt um heimsbygg\u00f0ina, hafi Bandar\u00edkin \u00feurft a\u00f0 taka tillit til annarra hagsmuna; \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al vegna samstarfsa\u00f0ila \u00ed samningum um endalok Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins, \u00fe.e. lei\u00f0toga Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna. Hins vegar hafi Bandar\u00edkin, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir allt, framfylgt stefnu sinni bak vi\u00f0 tj\u00f6ldin, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fjarst\u00fdra leppr\u00edki s\u00ednu \u2013 \u00cdslandi. \u00cdsland hafi a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u ekki \u00feora\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00fea\u00f0 ger\u00f0i, nema a\u00f0 undirlagi bandar\u00edskra stj\u00f3rnvalda.<\/p>\n
Me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um: \u00cdsland er sagt hafa veri\u00f0 bandar\u00edskt pe\u00f0 \u00ed endatafli Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins. Eini gallinn vi\u00f0 \u00feessa sk\u00fdringartilg\u00e1tu er s\u00e1, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e9g hafi starfa\u00f0 sem utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00cdslands \u00ed sj\u00f6 \u00e1r, \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og fj\u00f3rir utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0herrar Bandar\u00edkjanna (George Schultz<\/b>, James Baker<\/b>, Larry Eagleburger<\/b> og Warren Christofer<\/b>), reyndi enginn \u00feeirra nokkru sinni a\u00f0 lei\u00f0beina m\u00e9r um afst\u00f6\u00f0u til sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isbar\u00e1ttu Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a. \u00deetta er m.\u00f6.o. eftir\u00e1sk\u00fdring.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar \u00e9g hugsa til baka, er m\u00e9r lj\u00f3st, a\u00f0 hinar raunverulegu \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur fyrir afst\u00f6\u00f0u minni og ath\u00f6fnum voru af allt \u00f6\u00f0rum toga.<\/b> \u00c9g haf\u00f0i fyrir \u00fev\u00ed dj\u00fapa sannf\u00e6ringu, a\u00f0 v\u00edsasti vegurinn til gl\u00f6tunar \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 binda allt sitt tr\u00fass vi\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edsk \u00f6rl\u00f6g eins manns \u2013 nefnilega Gorbachevs. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri b\u00e6\u00f0i vanhugsa\u00f0 og varasamt. \u00c9g haf\u00f0i litla tr\u00fa \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 Gorbachev g\u00e6ti komi\u00f0 fram nau\u00f0synlegum umb\u00f3tum \u00e1 l\u00f6mu\u00f0u hagakerfi Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna, hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1, a\u00f0 hann g\u00e6ti komi\u00f0 \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegum umb\u00f3tum \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnkerfi \u00feess. Tilvistarkreppa Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna v\u00e6ri of dj\u00fap. R\u00e1\u00f0andi \u00f6fl \u00ed Moskvu kynnu einfaldlega engin r\u00e1\u00f0 til \u00farb\u00f3ta.<\/p>\n
\u00c9g leit svo \u00e1, a\u00f0 n\u00fdlenduveldi Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 li\u00f0ast \u00ed sundur, l\u00edkt og bresku og fr\u00f6nsku n\u00fdlenduveldin hef\u00f0u hruni\u00f0 eftir lok seinni heimstyrjaldarinnar. \u00d6fugt vi\u00f0 Putin var \u00e9g sannf\u00e6r\u00f0ur um, a\u00f0 fall Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna v\u00e6ri \u00fea\u00f0 j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0asta, sem unnt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 undir lok 20stu aldar. Ef Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0unum t\u00e6kist a\u00f0 brj\u00f3tast \u00fat \u00far \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0afangelsi Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna me\u00f0 fri\u00f0samlegum h\u00e6tti, v\u00e6ri margt sem benti til \u00feess, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 yr\u00f0i upphafi\u00f0 a\u00f0 endalokum \u00feeirra. \u00dev\u00ed fyrr, \u00feeim mun betra<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Um hva\u00f0 haf\u00f0i Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 sn\u00faist af h\u00e1lfu vestr\u00e6nna l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja \u00ed t\u00e6pa h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld, ef ekki um freslun undiroka\u00f0ra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a? M\u00e9r var st\u00f3rlega misbo\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 heyra lei\u00f0toga vestr\u00e6nna r\u00edkja pr\u00e9dika \u00fea\u00f0 sem stefnu s\u00edna upp \u00ed opi\u00f0 ge\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 undiroku\u00f0um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 \u00f6rl\u00f6g s\u00edn, til \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1 Vesturl\u00f6ndum g\u00e6tum b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 fri\u00f0 og st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika<\/i>. \u00deetta hlj\u00f3ma\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00ednum eyrum sem argv\u00edtug p\u00f3lit\u00edsk \u00f6fugm\u00e6li \u2013 og meiri h\u00e1ttar mist\u00f6k \u00ed \u00feokkab\u00f3t.<\/p>\n8. M\u00e1 eitthva\u00f0 af \u00feessu l\u00e6ra?<\/h3>\n
\u00deegar vi\u00f0 l\u00edtum til baka og \u00edhugum \u00fer\u00f3un m\u00e1la s\u00ed\u00f0astli\u00f0inn aldarfj\u00f3r\u00f0ung, hva\u00f0a l\u00e6rd\u00f3ma getum vi\u00f0 helst dregi\u00f0 af reynslu Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a a\u00f0 fengnu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i?<\/p>\n
Hin s\u00e1ra s\u00f6gulega reynsla \u00feessara sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed seinni heimstyrj\u00f6ldinni og af v\u00f6ldum sov\u00e9skrar n\u00fdlendustefnu \u00ed n\u00e6stum h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld, er geymd en ekki gleymd \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arvitundinni. \u00deegar seinni heimstyrj\u00f6ldin braust \u00fat og herir Hitlers og Stal\u00edns \u00f3\u00f0u \u00e1 v\u00edxl um l\u00f6ndin vi\u00f0 Eystrasalt, voru \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir einar og yfirgefnar, ofurseldar \u00f6rl\u00f6gum s\u00ednum. \u00deess vegna var \u00fea\u00f0 efst \u00ed huga stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lalei\u00f0toga \u00feessara \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, a\u00f0 fengnu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i, a\u00f0 gera allt sem unnt v\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 tryggja n\u00fdfengi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i<\/i> frammi fyrir ytri \u00f3gn og a\u00f0 byggja upp \u00e1 n\u00fd stofnanir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is- og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkis.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta \u00fe\u00fdddi a\u00f0 uppfylla innt\u00f6kuskilyr\u00f0in fyrir inng\u00f6ngu \u00ed Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 og NATO vi\u00f0 fyrsta m\u00f6gulegt t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri<\/i>.<\/p>\n
\u00c1 um\u00fe\u00f3ttunarskei\u00f0inu<\/i> fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0st\u00fdr\u00f0u og r\u00edkisreknu fyrirskipanahagkerfi \u00ed \u00e1tt til valddreif\u00f0s marka\u00f0shagkerfis; og fr\u00e1 alr\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edki \u00ed \u00e1tt til l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is-og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkis \u2013 getur \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00farslitum a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta \u00f6flugs stu\u00f0nings utan a\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 erfi\u00f0a stefnum\u00f3tun og \u00e1kvar\u00f0anat\u00f6ku beittu lei\u00f0togar ykkar gjarnan \u00f3brig\u00f0ulli m\u00e6listiku<\/i> \u00e1 hva\u00f0 horf\u00f0i til r\u00e9ttrar \u00e1ttar, og hva\u00f0 ekki. Mundi \u00feessi stefnum\u00f3tun e\u00f0a \u00feessi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un uppfylla innt\u00f6kuskilyr\u00f0in a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu og NATO, e\u00f0a ekki?<\/p>\n
Enda \u00fe\u00f3tt Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki herna\u00f0arbandalag, veitir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum hlutdeild \u00ed \u201emj\u00faku valdi\u201c st\u00e6rstu vi\u00f0skiptablokkar heimsins. \u00dea\u00f0 munar um minna.<\/p>\n
NATO er hins vegar herna\u00f0arbandalag, sem stendur opi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkjum, sem vilja \u00f6\u00f0last hlutdeild \u00ed sameiginlegu \u00f6ryggiskerfi frammi fyrir utana\u00f0komandi \u00f3gn. \u00c1 t\u00edmum Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins \u00ed h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld reyndist \u00feetta herna\u00f0arbandalag b\u00faa yfir n\u00e6gilegum f\u00e6lingarm\u00e6tti<\/i> til a\u00f0 halda hugsanlegum \u00e1r\u00e1sar\u00f6flum \u00ed skefjum. \u00c9g tr\u00fai \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00f3breytt.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati mikilv\u00e6gasti l\u00e6rd\u00f3murinn<\/i>, sem draga m\u00e1 af reynslu Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, a\u00f0 fengnu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i. Fr\u00e1 upphafi til \u00feessa dags hefur hin p\u00f3lit\u00edska forysta sameinast um meginmarkmi\u00f0i\u00f0 \u2013 hva\u00f0 sem li\u00f0i \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1greiningsefnum: A\u00f0ild a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu og NATO.<\/p>\n
\u00deessi markmi\u00f0 hafa noti\u00f0 \u00f3brig\u00f0uls stu\u00f0nings meirihluta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna, sem hafa ekki gleymt, heldur l\u00e6rt af mist\u00f6kum fort\u00ed\u00f0arinnar. \u00deessi sameiginlegu markmi\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fevert \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskar v\u00edgl\u00ednur \u2013 hafa framkalla\u00f0 \u00feann innri aga<\/i>, sem \u00fearf til a\u00f0 standa a\u00f0 og fylgja fram erfi\u00f0um og oft \u00f3vins\u00e6lum \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum. \u00deetta hefur gengi\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir f\u00e9lagslega \u00e1raun og ytri \u00e1f\u00f6ll, sem hafa reynt \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskt \u00feol og f\u00e9lagslega samheldni \u00feessara \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laga. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feessi langt\u00edma s\u00fdn og p\u00f3lit\u00edska stefnufesta<\/i> um a\u00f0 fylgja henni eftir, sem hefur umfram allt gert \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um Eystrasaltslanda kleift a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00f3umdeildum \u00e1rangri.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er lykillinn a\u00f0 \u00feeim \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1rangri, sem \u00fei\u00f0 hafi\u00f0 n\u00e1\u00f0, a\u00f0 fengnu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Sem fullgildir a\u00f0ilar a\u00f0 Nor\u00f0ur-Atlantshafsbandalaginu hafi\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 f\u00e6lingarm\u00e1tt NATO a\u00f0 baki ykkur til a\u00f0 halda \u00ed skefjum h\u00f3tunum um ytri \u00f3gn vi\u00f0 fullveldi ykkar og \u00f6ryggi.<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00deetta er \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legan m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a \u201ea success story\u201c, sem a\u00f0rir geta l\u00e6rt miki\u00f0 af<\/i>.<\/p>\n
Til allrar \u00f3hamingju hefur stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laforystu \u00dakra\u00ednu \u00e1 sama t\u00edma, a\u00f0 fengnu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i, gersamlega mistekist a\u00f0 tryggja formlegt sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i sitt, sem og a\u00f0 byggja upp stofnanir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is- og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkis, sem fulln\u00e6gi l\u00e1gmarksskilyr\u00f0um um a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu og varnarsamt\u00f6kum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja.<\/p>\n
\u00dei\u00f0 hafi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed miklu a\u00f0 mi\u00f0la af reynslu ykkar. \u00dea\u00f0 er t\u00edmi til kominn, a\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 beiti\u00f0 \u00e1hrifum ykkar innan Evr\u00f3pusambandsins og NATO til stu\u00f0nings \u00fakra\u00ednsku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni, sem n\u00fa hefur rata\u00f0 \u00ed dj\u00fapa tilvistarkreppu. \u00dei\u00f0 hafi\u00f0 \u00feekkinguna og reynsluna. \u00dei\u00f0 tali\u00f0 tungum\u00e1l R\u00fassa og deili\u00f0 reynslunni me\u00f0 \u00dakra\u00ednum\u00f6nnum af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faa vi\u00f0 ofr\u00edki \u00feeirra. \u00dei\u00f0 eru\u00f0 s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingarnir. N\u00fa er \u00fea\u00f0 ykkar a\u00f0 deila reynslu ykkar, a\u00f0 fengnu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i, me\u00f0 \u00dakra\u00ednum\u00f6nnum um \u00fea\u00f0, hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 br\u00faa gj\u00e1na milli alr\u00e6\u00f0is og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is, milli valdbeitingar og frelsis.<\/p>\n
\u00dei\u00f0 viti\u00f0, hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 gera \u00feetta. \u00dei\u00f0 hafi\u00f0 gert \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0um \u00e1rangri. N\u00fa er \u00fea\u00f0 ykkar a\u00f0 deila \u00feessari reynslu me\u00f0 n\u00e1gr\u00f6nnum ykkar, sem \u00feurfa \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
INNGANGUR: Aku Sorainen er Finni a\u00f0 \u00e6tt og uppruna en b\u00fdr og starfar \u00ed Tallinn. Hann er stofnandi og forst\u00f6\u00f0uma\u00f0ur st\u00e6rstu og \u00feekktustu l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00fej\u00f3nustu \u00ed Eystrasaltsl\u00f6ndum og Hv\u00edta R\u00fasslandi. Me\u00f0 inng\u00f6ngu sinni \u00ed Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 \u00feurftu fyrirt\u00e6ki, opinberar stofnanir og einstaklingar mj\u00f6g \u00e1 sl\u00edkri \u00fej\u00f3nustu a\u00f0 halda, ekki hva\u00f0 s\u00edst \u00ed Evr\u00f3pur\u00e9tti. Sorainen og f\u00e9lagar f\u00f6gnu\u00f0u 20 \u00e1ra afm\u00e6li s\u00ednu \u00feann 4. j\u00fan\u00ed s.l.. Af \u00fev\u00ed tilefni efndu \u00feeir til r\u00e1\u00f0stefnu \u00ed Tallinn me\u00f0 fyrirlesurun fr\u00e1 Eytrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0unum \u00feremur og Hv\u00edta R\u00fasslandi. Varnar- og \u00f6ryggism\u00e1l voru ofarlega \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 r\u00e6\u00f0umanna, sem og sta\u00f0a sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed h\u00e1skalegum heimi. Aku f\u00e9kk mig til a\u00f0 opna r\u00e1\u00f0stefnuna me\u00f0 erindi um ofangreint efni, sem h\u00e9r fer \u00e1 eftir. \u00deetta m\u00e1l\u00feing \u00fe\u00f3tti takast me\u00f0 \u00e1g\u00e6tum. Efni \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti er a\u00f0 finna \u00e1 vefsetrinu http:\/\/www.sorainen.com\/ <\/a>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1347"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2699,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1347\/revisions\/2699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}