{"id":1354,"date":"2015-07-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-07-18T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.jbh.is\/?p=1354"},"modified":"2020-09-22T11:37:30","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T11:37:30","slug":"haskolar-handa-hverjum-til-hvers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=1354","title":{"rendered":"H\u00c1SK\u00d3LAR: HANDA HVERJUM \u2013 TIL HVERS?"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.<\/h3>\n

UTANR\u00cdKISR\u00c1\u00d0HERRAR \u00feurfa \u00e1 stundum a\u00f0 fylgja \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00f6f\u00f0ingjum \u00ed opinberar heims\u00f3knir til annarra r\u00edkja. Ein sl\u00edk heims\u00f3kn til Hertogad\u00e6misins \u00ed Luxemborg snemma \u00e1 t\u00edunda \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar er m\u00e9r enn minnisst\u00e6\u00f0. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 komst \u00e9g af hendingu \u00ed t\u00e6ri vi\u00f0 gamalreyndan stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lamann til a\u00f0 leita sk\u00fdringa \u00e1 f\u00e1g\u00e6tum \u00e1rangri \u00feessarar sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar \u00e1 svi\u00f0i efnahagsm\u00e1la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u00c9g rifja \u00feetta upp vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 uppskriftin fr\u00e1 Luxemborg var\u00f0ar beint umr\u00e6\u00f0uefni okkar h\u00e9r \u00ed dag: Hvernig geta sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir hanna\u00f0 menntastefnu s\u00edna fyrir \u00f3vissa framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00ed von um a\u00f0 n\u00e1 til\u00e6tlu\u00f0um \u00e1rangri? <\/b><\/p>\n

GASTON THORN<\/b> var \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma \u201ethe grand old man<\/i>\u201c \u00ed p\u00f3lit\u00edk Luxemborgara. Hann var fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra oftar en einu sinni og a\u00f0 lokum forseti framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rnar Evr\u00f3pusambandsins. \u00c9g var svo heppinn a\u00f0 hafa hann fyrir sessunaut \u00ed einhverri veislunni, sem efnt var til vegna heims\u00f3knarinnar. M\u00e9r l\u00e9k forvitni \u00e1 a\u00f0 vita, hvernig \u00feeir Luxemborgarar hef\u00f0u fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a r\u00edkasta a\u00f0ildar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandsins \u00e1 tilt\u00f6lulega sk\u00f6mmum t\u00edma, einkum \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess, a\u00f0 fyrir str\u00ed\u00f0 haf\u00f0i Luxemburg veri\u00f0 f\u00e1t\u00e6kt og van\u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0 land. Uppskriftin af \u00e1rangrinum, sem hr. Thorn deildi me\u00f0 m\u00e9r yfir steik og rau\u00f0v\u00ednsglasi \u00feessa kv\u00f6ldstund fyrir meira en tuttugu \u00e1rum, hlj\u00f3\u00f0a\u00f0i eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessa lei\u00f0:<\/p>\n

\u00cd FYRSTA LAGI t\u00f3kst okkur, sag\u00f0i hr. Thorn, a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir, a\u00f0 innhverfir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernissinnar ger\u00f0u m\u00e1ll\u00fdskuna, sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum h\u00e9r til daglegs br\u00faks, a\u00f0 l\u00f6gvernda\u00f0ri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tungu.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00d6\u00d0RU LAGI \u2013 og n\u00fa tala\u00f0i hr. Thorn \u00ed fyrstu pers\u00f3nu \u2013 t\u00f3kst m\u00e9r a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir, a\u00f0 \u00feessum s\u00f6mu stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la\u00f6flum t\u00e6kist a\u00f0 stofna \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arh\u00e1sk\u00f3la<\/b>, \u00fear sem kennsla f\u00e6ri eing\u00f6ngu fram \u00e1 hinni l\u00f6gverndu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tungu. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn beitti \u00e9g m\u00e9r fyrir stofnun l\u00e1na- og styrktarsj\u00f3\u00f0s n\u00e1msmanna<\/i>, sem ger\u00f0i okkar bestu n\u00e1msm\u00f6nnum kleift a\u00f0 afla s\u00e9r h\u00e1sk\u00f3lamenntunar og s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ikunn\u00e1ttu me\u00f0al grann\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna: \u00cd \u00de\u00fdskalandi, Frakklandi, Sviss, \u00cdtal\u00edu, Belg\u00edu, Hollandi og s\u00ed\u00f0ar meir \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum. Hr. Thorn gleymdi ekki a\u00f0 geta \u00feess, a\u00f0 \u00ed flestum tilvikum hef\u00f0u \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00ed reynd ni\u00f0urgreitt h\u00e1sk\u00f3lamenntun fyrir Luxemborgara, a\u00f0 svo miklu leyti, sem \u00feeir l\u00e9tu \u00f3gert a\u00f0 innheimta sk\u00f3lagj\u00f6ld.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00deRI\u00d0JA LAGI t\u00f3kst okkur, sag\u00f0i hr. Thorn \u2013 og \u00fea\u00f0 votta\u00f0i fyrir glotti \u2013 a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir, a\u00f0 \u00feessi gl\u00e6silega bygging (\u00fear sem h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0arkv\u00f6ldver\u00f0urinn f\u00f3r fram) yr\u00f0i rekin sem \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0leikh\u00fas<\/b>, \u00fe.e.a.s. stofnun me\u00f0 fastr\u00e1\u00f0num leikurum, sem l\u00e9ku einungis \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tungunni. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn hefur \u00feetta leiksvi\u00f0 sta\u00f0i\u00f0 opi\u00f0 fyrir bestu leikh\u00f3pa heimsins, sem og \u00f3peruflytjendur, sem hafa bo\u00f0i\u00f0 okkur upp \u00e1 heimsklassak\u00falt\u00far.<\/p>\n

\u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li sagt var bo\u00f0skapur hr. Thorns svohlj\u00f3\u00f0andi: Vi\u00f0 Luxemborgarar st\u00f3\u00f0um frammi fyrir vali. Anna\u00f0 hvort mundum vi\u00f0 byggja helstu stofnanir okkar fyrst og fremst \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ararfinum (\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0tungu og menningu); e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 n\u00fdttum okkur landfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega sta\u00f0setningu mitt \u00e1 me\u00f0al miklu \u00f6flugri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a sem \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed samrunaferlinu \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu fr\u00e1 byrjun.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A\u00f0 loknum tilfinninga\u00ferungnum r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0um og h\u00f6r\u00f0um deilum var\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a okkar s\u00fa a\u00f0 velja seinni kostinn. \u00dea\u00f0 ger\u00f0i okkur kleift a\u00f0 breyta okkar frumst\u00e6\u00f0a landb\u00fana\u00f0arlandi \u00ed fj\u00f6lbreytt \u00fej\u00f3nustusamf\u00e9lag \u00e1 tilt\u00f6lulega sk\u00f6mmum t\u00edma. Vi\u00f0 bygg\u00f0um upp n\u00fat\u00edmalegar \u00fej\u00f3nustugreinar \u2013 einkum \u00ed banka- og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1la\u00fej\u00f3nustu. Samkeppnisyfirbur\u00f0ir okkar bygg\u00f0u \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feekkja tungum\u00e1l, lagaumhverfi og hugsunarh\u00e1tt grann\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna eins vel og \u00fe\u00e6r sj\u00e1lfar. Unga f\u00f3lki\u00f0 okkar f\u00e9kk menntun og starfs\u00fej\u00e1lfun vi\u00f0 hina bestu h\u00e1sk\u00f3la erlendis. \u00deetta unga f\u00f3lk tala\u00f0i \u00fe\u00fdsku, fr\u00f6nsku, \u00edt\u00f6lsku \u2013 og s\u00ed\u00f0ar meir ensku, \u00f6ll helstu tungum\u00e1l hins evr\u00f3pska samf\u00e9lags. Og unga f\u00f3lki\u00f0 okkar \u00feekkti, eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur sag\u00f0i, lagaumhverfi og hugarfar grann\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna og vissi \u00fev\u00ed af reynslu, hvernig b\u00e6ri a\u00f0 haga samskiptum vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi grundvallarstefnum\u00f6rkun hefur skila\u00f0 miklum \u00e1rangri. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00feau bo\u00f0 \u00fat ganga til grann\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna, a\u00f0 \u201eanything you can do, we can do better<\/i>\u201c (\u00fe.e.a.s. \u00e1 \u00feeim svi\u00f0um, \u00fear sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum s\u00e9rh\u00e6ft okkur). \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir utana\u00f0komandi gagnr\u00fdni um, a\u00f0 Luxemborg h\u00fdsi illa fengi\u00f0 f\u00e9 fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um \u00ed skj\u00f3li bankaleyndar, hafa \u00feeir komist upp me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hinga\u00f0 til, m. a. \u00ed skj\u00f3li sm\u00e6\u00f0arinnar. En hversu lengi enn? Hruni\u00f0 afhj\u00fapa\u00f0i \u00feetta sj\u00faka fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi. Luxemborgarar sitja upp me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00feeir byggja afkomu s\u00edna \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera \u201efree riders<\/i>\u201c, \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 annarra.<\/p>\n

En hafa Luxemborgarar ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra einhverjar f\u00f3rnir fyrir \u00feennan \u00e1rangur? Hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arvitund \u00feeirra og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0menningu? \u00deetta er \u00e1litam\u00e1l. Reynslan s\u00fdnir, a\u00f0 me\u00f0 vaxandi velmegun hefur sta\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arm\u00e1ll\u00fdskunnar styrkst, ef eitthva\u00f0 er: innlendir leikh\u00f3par eru v\u00edst farnir a\u00f0 bj\u00f3\u00f0a upp \u00e1 s\u00fdningar \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aleikh\u00fasinu \u00e1 m\u00e1ll\u00fdsku heimamanna. Myndin er \u00fev\u00ed ekki alveg svart\/hv\u00edt. Fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ahyggjan, sem flestir vi\u00f0urkenna, a\u00f0 er lykillinn a\u00f0 \u00e1rangri \u00feeirra, hefur m.\u00f6.o. ekki me\u00f0 \u00f6llu \u00fatiloka\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaka \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arvitund heimamanna.<\/p>\n

Eftir stendur spurningin: Getur ford\u00e6mi Luxemborgar \u2013 \u00e1rangursr\u00edkt, sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt er \u2013 veri\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um til eftirbreytni?<\/b> \u00c9g varpa \u00feessari spurningu fram til umr\u00e6\u00f0u h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir.<\/p>\n

2.<\/h3>\n

\u00deEGAR \u00cdSLAND f\u00e9kk heimastj\u00f3rn fr\u00e1 D\u00f6num \u00e1ri\u00f0 1904, var \u00fea\u00f0 ofarlega \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 heimastj\u00f3rnarinnar a\u00f0 stofna \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arh\u00e1sk\u00f3la. \u201eLand, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og tunga<\/i>\u201c var hin heilaga \u00ferenning, sem \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arh\u00e1sk\u00f3linn \u00e1tti a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na. \u00cd upphafi voru h\u00e1sk\u00f3ladeildirnar \u00ferj\u00e1r. Ein \u00e1tti a\u00f0 r\u00e6kta menningararfinn, tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 og s\u00f6guna. \u00d6nnur \u00e1tti a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na gu\u00f0i \u2013 \u00fatskrifa prel\u00e1ta til a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0kirkjunni. S\u00fa \u00feri\u00f0ja var helgu\u00f0 l\u00f6gum landsins. Me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um: \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0arh\u00e1sk\u00f3linn \u00e1tti a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na b\u00e6\u00f0i Gu\u00f0i og Mammon, en megin\u00e1herslan var \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fatskrifa emb\u00e6ttismenn \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu r\u00edkisins<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar \u00cdsland var\u00f0 fullvalda r\u00edki \u00e1ri\u00f0 1918 (en \u00ed konungssambandi vi\u00f0 Danm\u00f6rku \u00fear til 1944), m\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 teljast til f\u00f3rnarkostna\u00f0ar, a\u00f0 \u00edslenskir n\u00e1msmenn gl\u00f6tu\u00f0u \u00fear me\u00f0 forr\u00e9ttindum, sem \u00feeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1\u00f0ur noti\u00f0 til a\u00f0 stunda n\u00e1m vi\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la. H\u00e1sk\u00f3li \u00cdslands haf\u00f0i ekki bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed sta\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la. Hva\u00f0an \u00e1ttu \u00feeir a\u00f0 koma, verkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingarnir, arkitektarnir, byggingameistararnir, fiskifr\u00e6\u00f0ingarnir og a\u00f0rir t\u00e6knimenn, sem \u00e1ttu a\u00f0 byggja upp stofnanir hins n\u00fdja r\u00edkis, sem fram a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed haf\u00f0i byggst \u00e1 frumst\u00e6\u00f0um sj\u00e1lfs\u00feurftarb\u00faskap li\u00f0innar t\u00ed\u00f0ar? Svari\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 \u00feeir hlutu a\u00f0 koma a\u00f0 utan, fr\u00e1 erlendum h\u00e1sk\u00f3lum, t\u00e6knisk\u00f3lum, e\u00f0a me\u00f0 starfsreynslu erlendis \u2013 r\u00e9tt eins og \u00ed Luxemborg.<\/p>\n

Uppskriftin a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0b\u00fainni n\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0ingu \u00cdslands \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld g\u00e6ti \u00fev\u00ed hlj\u00f3\u00f0a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessa lei\u00f0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tilt\u00f6lulega h\u00e1tt menntunarstig \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar ger\u00f0i henni kleift a\u00f0 hagn\u00fdta s\u00e9r tilt\u00f6lulega grei\u00f0lega innflutta t\u00e6kni<\/i>. \u00cdslendingar voru aldrei svo \u00f6rsnau\u00f0ir, a\u00f0 \u00feeir v\u00e6ru \u00f3l\u00e6sir og \u00f3skrifandi.<\/li>\n
  2. A\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 erlendu fj\u00e1rmagni<\/i> f\u00e9kkst me\u00f0 stofnun banka \u00ed eigu Dana.<\/li>\n

    Fram a\u00f0 fyrri heimsstyrj\u00f6ldinni nutum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 mestu tollfrj\u00e1ls a\u00f0gangs a\u00f0 erlendum m\u00f6rku\u00f0um <\/i>fyrir \u00fatflutningsafur\u00f0ir okkar (a\u00f0allega sj\u00e1varafur\u00f0ir). \u00deetta snerist mj\u00f6g \u00e1 verri veg \u00e1 kreppu\u00e1runum. Seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ldin, sem lag\u00f0i Evr\u00f3pu a\u00f0 mestu \u00ed r\u00fast, reyndist \u00cdslendingum g\u00f3sent\u00ed\u00f0. Herna\u00f0arlegt mikilv\u00e6gi landsins \u00e1 t\u00edmabili kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins \u00fe\u00fdddi, a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar nutu mikilv\u00e6grar efnahagsa\u00f0sto\u00f0ar<\/i> fr\u00e1 bandalags\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

  3. P\u00f3lit\u00edskt sj\u00e1lfsforr\u00e6\u00f0i fullvalda r\u00edkis \u00ed sta\u00f0 erlendrar n\u00fdlendustj\u00f3rnar reyndist vera drifkraftur<\/i> n\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0ingar og vaxandi velmegunar.<\/li>\n

    \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir lofgj\u00f6r\u00f0ina um hina heil\u00f6gu \u00ferenningu (land, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og tungu) fylgdu \u00cdslendingar svipa\u00f0ri stefnu og Luxemborgarar a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti, a\u00f0 bestu n\u00e1msmenn hverrar kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ar f\u00f3ru erlendis til n\u00e1ms. \u00dea\u00f0 votta\u00f0i jafnvel fyrir landfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri verkaskiptingu \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed, hvernig \u00feeir dreif\u00f0ust: Raunv\u00edsindamennirnir leitu\u00f0u einkum til \u00de\u00fdskalands e\u00f0a Skandinav\u00edu; l\u00e6knar stundu\u00f0u sitt s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0a framhaldsn\u00e1m \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku e\u00f0a Skandinav\u00edu; f\u00e9lagsv\u00edsindamenn f\u00f3ru framan af einkum til Bretlandseyja e\u00f0a Skandin\u00e1v\u00edu, en s\u00ed\u00f0ar meir \u00ed vaxandi m\u00e6li til Bandar\u00edkjanna. Hinir listhneig\u00f0u leitu\u00f0u til Frakklands e\u00f0a Skandinav\u00edu.<\/p><\/ol>\n

    \u00c1 \u00fev\u00ed leikur naumast vafi, a\u00f0 \u00feetta f\u00f3lk flutti heim me\u00f0 s\u00e9r b\u00e6\u00f0i hagn\u00fdta s\u00e9r\u00feekkingu og fj\u00f6lbreytta menningarstrauma, sem au\u00f0gu\u00f0u \u00edslenskt samf\u00e9lag; for\u00f0u\u00f0u \u00feessu eysamf\u00e9lagi fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 forpokast \u00ed einangrun og sj\u00e1lfs\u00e1n\u00e6gju og j\u00f3k a\u00f0l\u00f6gunarh\u00e6fni \u00feess \u00e1 \u00f6ru breytingarskei\u00f0i.<\/b><\/p>\n

    3.<\/h3>\n

    Snemma \u00e1 7unda \u00e1ratugnum stofnu\u00f0u \u00cdslendingar sinn \u201el\u00e1nasj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00edslenskra n\u00e1msmanna\u201c, um l\u00edkt leyti og Gaston Thorn beitti s\u00e9r fyrir \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed Luxembourg. Alla t\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an hefur L\u00cdN gert \u00edslenskum n\u00e1msm\u00f6nnum, sem uppfylla kr\u00f6fur erlendra h\u00e1sk\u00f3la, kleift a\u00f0 stunda n\u00e1m og s\u00e6kja s\u00e9r s\u00e9r\u00feekkingu og reynslu erlendis.<\/p>\n

    Okkar f\u00e1menna samf\u00e9lag hefur ekki bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 halda uppi ranns\u00f3knum og kennslu, sem standast al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega samkeppni \u00ed \u00f6llum \u00feeim v\u00edsindagreinum, sem h\u00e1\u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6g byggja tilveru s\u00edna \u00e1. S\u00fa stefna, a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja n\u00e1msmenn fj\u00e1rhagslega til a\u00f0 afla s\u00e9r menntunar erlendis, hefur vafal\u00edti\u00f0 gagnast okkar f\u00e1menna samf\u00e9lagi, ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en Luxemborg. En um lei\u00f0 t\u00f6kum vi\u00f0 vissa \u00e1h\u00e6ttu. \u00c1h\u00e6ttan er \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f3lgin, a\u00f0 n\u00e1msmennirnir \u00edlendist a\u00f0 n\u00e1mi loknu erlendis \u2013 skili s\u00e9r ekki heim.<\/p>\n

    \u00c1 fyrsta \u00e1ratug n\u00fdrrar aldar var \u00cdslandi breytt \u00ed eins konar tilraunastofu fyrir vanhugsa\u00f0ar og illkynja hugmyndir n\u00fd-frj\u00e1lshyggjumanna me\u00f0 skelfilegum aflei\u00f0ingum. \u00deanga\u00f0 til haf\u00f0i hugur meirihluta \u00cdslendinga sta\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 tilheyra f\u00e9lagsskap hinna norr\u00e6nu velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkja. \u00deessi \u00f3g\u00e6fusamlega tilraunastarfsemi enda\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00f6rf\u00e1um \u00e1rum \u00ed kerfisl\u00e6gu hruni, b\u00e6\u00f0i fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfis og gjaldmi\u00f0ils. Meira a\u00f0 segja Se\u00f0labankinn var\u00f0 grei\u00f0slu\u00ferota.<\/p>\n

    \u00cdslenskir skattgrei\u00f0endur munu \u00e1 \u00f3komnum \u00e1rum \u00feurfa a\u00f0 bera \u00feungar skuldabyr\u00f0ar, sem vanh\u00e6fir og gr\u00e1\u00f0ugir fj\u00e1rgl\u00e6framenn skildu eftir, \u00ed skj\u00f3li f\u00e1k\u00e6nna stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lamanna. \u00deeir einu sem gr\u00e6ddu \u00e1 tilrauninni voru f\u00e1mennur h\u00f3pur fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lafursta, sem t\u00f3kst a\u00f0 koma illa fengnum au\u00f0 \u00ed skattaskj\u00f3l erlendis. A\u00f0rir \u00feurfa a\u00f0 bera \u00feyngri skattbyr\u00f0i en ella og taka aflei\u00f0ingunum af harkalegum ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0i fj\u00e1rveitinga til heilbrig\u00f0isstofnana og menntam\u00e1la.<\/p>\n

    \u00c1 b\u00f3lu\u00e1runum st\u00e1tu\u00f0u \u00cdslendingar af meira en tylft svokalla\u00f0ra h\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u2013 og gera reyndar enn. Rektor H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands l\u00fdsti vi\u00f0 h\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0lega ath\u00f6fn \u00e1formum s\u00ednum um a\u00f0 skipa \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arh\u00e1sk\u00f3lanum \u00e1 bekk me\u00f0 hundra\u00f0 bestu h\u00e1sk\u00f3lum \u00ed heimi. Eftir Hrun er \u00feetta gjarnan nefnt sem d\u00e6mi um snert af brj\u00e1lsemi (\u201ecollective madness\u201c), eins og einn helsti s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur heims \u00ed fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppum l\u00fdsti \u00edslensku n\u00fd-frj\u00e1lshyggjutilrauninni.<\/p>\n

    \u00dea\u00f0 mun taka \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ina drj\u00fagan t\u00edma a\u00f0 n\u00e1 s\u00e9r eftir \u00e1falli\u00f0. Eitt me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru, sem vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 horfast \u00ed aug vi\u00f0, eru vaxandi l\u00edkur \u00e1 heilafl\u00f3tta (e. brain-drain). S\u00fa h\u00e6tta blasir vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 hinir bestu me\u00f0al \u00feeirra sem hafa s\u00e9rh\u00e6ft sig erlendis, finni ekki st\u00f6rf vi\u00f0 h\u00e6fi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi e\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00feau laun sem \u00ed bo\u00f0i eru, reynist ekki samkeppnish\u00e6f. Auglj\u00f3s merki um \u00feetta blasa \u00feegar vi\u00f0. Undantekningin er offramlei\u00f0sla \u00e1 l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum, sem fitna eins og p\u00fakinn \u00e1 fj\u00f3sbitanum vegna endalausra m\u00e1laferla \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lahrunsins. Hinga\u00f0 til hefur mannau\u00f0sfl\u00f3ttinn l\u00edklega bitna\u00f0 har\u00f0ast \u00e1 heilbrig\u00f0iskerfinu. E.t.v. ver\u00f0um vi\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur v\u00f6r vi\u00f0 heilafl\u00f3ttann \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum greinum me\u00f0 jafn\u00e1berandi h\u00e6tti.<\/p>\n

    Menn la\u00f0a ekki a\u00f0 beinar erlendar fj\u00e1rfestingar (e. FDI), n\u00e9 heldur geta menn vi\u00f0 l\u00e1ti\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e9r kve\u00f0a \u00e1 erlendum m\u00f6rku\u00f0um, afgirtir bak vi\u00f0 m\u00fara fj\u00e1rmagnshafta. Fj\u00e1rmagnsh\u00f6ftin voru \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6mileg eftir Hrun, en voru hugsu\u00f0 til skamms t\u00edma. \u00deau hafa n\u00fa vara\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00f6 \u00e1r. Vonir standa til, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 takist a\u00f0 afl\u00e9tta \u00feeim \u00ed upphafi n\u00e6sta \u00e1rs, \u00e1n \u00feess \u00fea\u00f0 valdi n\u00fdju gjaldmi\u00f0ilshruni. Takist \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1fallalaust, hl\u00fdtur \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 teljast veigamiki\u00f0 skref \u00ed r\u00e9tta \u00e1tt til a\u00f0 endurreisa \u00edslenskt efnahagsl\u00edf \u00far r\u00fastum Hrunsins.<\/p>\n

    En \u00e1 \u00feessari stundu hlj\u00f3tum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 velta \u00fev\u00ed fyrir okkur, hversu lengi vi\u00f0 getum sta\u00f0i\u00f0 undir l\u00e1na- og styrkjakerfi til n\u00e1ms erlendis, ef ar\u00f0urinn af \u00feeirri fj\u00e1rfestingu skilar s\u00e9r ekki heim me\u00f0 v\u00f6xtum og vaxtav\u00f6xtum.<\/p>\n

    4.<\/h3>\n

    UNESCO<\/b> (Mennta- og v\u00edsindastofnun Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna) \u00e1\u00e6tlar, a\u00f0 \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00feremur \u00e1ratugum muni fleira f\u00f3lk stunda h\u00e1sk\u00f3lan\u00e1m en \u00feekkst hefur \u00ed s\u00f6gu mannkynsins hinga\u00f0 til. \u00dea\u00f0 er mikill fj\u00f6ldi f\u00f3lks \u00e1 sk\u00f6mmum t\u00edma. Og ein sta\u00f0reynd \u00ed vi\u00f0b\u00f3t til a\u00f0 skerpa \u00e1 einbeitingunni: Sex \u00e1ra barn, sem byrjar \u00ed sk\u00f3la \u00e1 \u00feessu hausti, mun v\u00e6ntanlega setjast \u00ed helgan stein kringum \u00e1ri\u00f0 2075. Hvernig \u00e6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00faa hann e\u00f0a hana n\u00e6stu \u00e1rin undir langan starfsferil, \u00e1 \u00f6ru breytingaskei\u00f0i?<\/b><\/p>\n

    Erum vi\u00f0 viss um, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vitum svari\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feessari spurningu, byggt \u00e1 reynslu okkar af kennslu og ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lastigi hinga\u00f0 til? En \u00e1 t\u00edma \u00f6rra t\u00e6knibreytinga \u2013 t\u00edmabili \u201eskapandi ey\u00f0ileggingar<\/i>\u201c me\u00f0 or\u00f0um Josephs Schumpeter<\/b> \u2013 m\u00e1 vera, a\u00f0 okkar fremstu v\u00edsindamenn og frumkv\u00f6\u00f0lar hafi \u00feegar breytt sv\u00f6runum vi\u00f0 \u00feessari spurningu, r\u00e9tt eins og Einstein<\/b> for\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

    Fremstu v\u00edsindamenn okkar \u00e1minna okkur \u00e6 oftar um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 linnulaus eftirs\u00f3kn eftir hagvexti og \u00f3\u00ferotleg leit a\u00f0 n\u00fdjum n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum til a\u00f0 n\u00fdta v\u00edtt og breitt um hn\u00f6ttinn, s\u00e9 fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 ganga of n\u00e6rri okkar n\u00e1tt\u00farulega umhverfi. \u00cd grennd vi\u00f0 okkur \u00cdslendinga \u2013 \u00e1 Nor\u00f0urheimskautssv\u00e6\u00f0inu \u2013 er br\u00e1\u00f0nun \u00edshellunnar a\u00f0 afhj\u00fapa n\u00fdtt meginland, sem b\u00fdr yfir r\u00edkulegum n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum, en \u00ed umhverfi, sem er \u00f3venju vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mt fyrir \u00e1gengni mannsins. \u00deetta skapar hvort tveggja, n\u00fd t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri og b\u00fd\u00f0ur heim n\u00fdjum h\u00e6ttum um lei\u00f0.<\/p>\n

    Mun okkur takast a\u00f0 n\u00fdta \u00feessar au\u00f0lindir \u00e1 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ran h\u00e1tt, mannkyni til g\u00f3\u00f0a? E\u00f0a munum vi\u00f0 hefja blinda samkeppni um forr\u00e6\u00f0i og yfirr\u00e1\u00f0, l\u00edkt og ger\u00f0ist \u00ed Afr\u00edku \u00e1 ofanver\u00f0ri 19du \u00f6ld me\u00f0 skelfilegum aflei\u00f0ingum fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 meginland og heimsbygg\u00f0ina alla \u2013 eins og vi\u00f0 upplifum \u00feessi misserin vi\u00f0 Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafi\u00f0? Sannleikurinn er s\u00e1, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vitum ekki svari\u00f0.<\/p>\n

    Okkar bestu f\u00e9lagsv\u00edsindamenn eru n\u00fa sm\u00e1m saman a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi heimsins hefur vaxi\u00f0 raunhagkerfinu yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0 og er or\u00f0i\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnlaust. Megini\u00f0 af au\u00f0sk\u00f6pun heimsins \u00e1 t\u00edmabili n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar hefur komi\u00f0 \u00ed hlut \u00f6rf\u00e1menns forr\u00e9ttindah\u00f3ps au\u00f0k\u00fdfinga, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0um r\u00edkjum og \u00fer\u00f3unarr\u00edkjum. Frumskylda l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegra stj\u00f3rnarh\u00e1tta er a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita r\u00e9ttarr\u00edki\u00f0 \u2013 tryggja, a\u00f0 allir s\u00e9r jafnir fyrir l\u00f6gunum.<\/p>\n

    \u00dea\u00f0 hefur ekki tekist betur en svo, a\u00f0 \u00feessi \u00f6rf\u00e1menni forr\u00e9tttindah\u00f3pur au\u00f0k\u00fdfinga \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0av\u00edsu hefur komi\u00f0 undan fj\u00e1rmunum \u00ed skattaskj\u00f3lum, sem ranns\u00f3knarstofnun \u00ed Washington D.C. \u00e1\u00e6tlar a\u00f0 samsvari \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slu Bandar\u00edkjanna og Japans \u2013 st\u00e6rsta og \u00feri\u00f0ja st\u00e6rsta hagkerfi heimsins til samans. Allt er \u00feetta utan vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur hafa skattaskj\u00f3lin noti\u00f0 verndar r\u00e1\u00f0andi afla \u00ed voldugustu r\u00edkjum heims. \u00c1 sama t\u00edma hafa raunlaun vinnandi f\u00f3lks sta\u00f0na\u00f0 e\u00f0a jafnvel r\u00fdrna\u00f0 a\u00f0 kaupm\u00e6tti og atvinnuleysi ungs f\u00f3lks m\u00e6list \u00ed himinh\u00e1um t\u00f6lum. Hvort tveggja er auglj\u00f3s einkenni sj\u00faks \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags \u2013 og lama\u00f0s l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    Stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laforingjar, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feing, r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir og fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar eru v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar \u00e1 m\u00e1la hj\u00e1 \u00feessari valdamiklu au\u00f0kl\u00edku. Hinga\u00f0 til hefur \u00fea\u00f0 hindra\u00f0, a\u00f0 umb\u00e6tur \u00e1 kerfinu \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu almannahagsmuna hafi n\u00e1\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 ganga. \u00cd lj\u00f3si \u00feessa kemur ekki \u00e1 \u00f3vart, a\u00f0 n\u00fdfasiskar stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lahreyfingar, sem \u00fer\u00edfast best \u00ed jar\u00f0vegi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernisofst\u00e6kis, l\u00e1ti \u00e6 meir \u00e1 s\u00e9r kr\u00e6la \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og annars sta\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

    5.<\/h3>\n

    Hva\u00f0 um m\u00e1tt menntunar og uppl\u00fdsingar til a\u00f0 vinna bug \u00e1 ford\u00f3mum og valdn\u00ed\u00f0slu?<\/b> Akadem\u00edunni er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 standa fyrir utan \u00e1hrifasv\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00e9rhagsmuna og valdstreitu. Hafa okkar l\u00e6r\u00f0u pr\u00f3fessorar gegnt \u00feeirri borgaralegu skyldu sinni a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00feekkingarinnar \u00e1 raunverulegt \u00e1standi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags og umhverfis? Hva\u00f0 er a\u00f0 segja um \u00fe\u00e1 tegund af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0hagfr\u00e6\u00f0i, sem er kennd og numin vi\u00f0 fr\u00e6gustu menntasetur Bandar\u00edkjanna og heimsins og var til skamms t\u00edma vi\u00f0tekin sem hlutl\u00e6g v\u00edsindi? Hversu margir N\u00f3belsver\u00f0launahafar \u00ed hagfr\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00e1u fyrir e\u00f0a v\u00f6ru\u00f0u okkur vi\u00f0 Hruni fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfisins? \u00deeir eru teljandi \u00e1 fingrum annarrar handar.<\/p>\n

    Hefur hin akadem\u00edska \u00farvalssveit brug\u00f0ist \u00feeirri skyldu sinni a\u00f0 koma ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um ranns\u00f3kna og \u00feekkingarleitar \u00e1 framf\u00e6ri vi\u00f0 almenning? \u00dea\u00f0 f\u00f3r ekki fram hj\u00e1 okkur \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, a\u00f0 hinar sj\u00e1lfskipu\u00f0u eftirlitsstofnanir me\u00f0 heilbrig\u00f0i hins al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfis g\u00e1fu \u00edslensku b\u00f6nkunum toppeinkunn \u00fear til daginn eftir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hrundu til grunna. \u00de\u00e1 var \u00feeim skipa\u00f0 \u00ed ruslflokk, en ekki fyrr.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e9r kemur tilvitnun \u00ed grein \u00ed New York Times fr\u00e1 16. Febr\u00faar, \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014.<\/p>\n

    \u201eSumir frj\u00f3ustu hugsu\u00f0ir samt\u00edmans um vandam\u00e1l manns og n\u00e1tt\u00faru eru h\u00e1sk\u00f3lapr\u00f3fessorar. En hversu margir \u00feeirra l\u00e1ta a\u00f0 s\u00e9r kve\u00f0a \u00ed r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0um um samt\u00ed\u00f0ina? Ef vi\u00f0 viljum v\u00edsa \u00e1leitnum vandam\u00e1lum \u00e1 bug, \u00fe\u00e1 segjum vi\u00f0 gjarnan: \u00deetta er n\u00fa bara akadem\u00edsk spurning. Me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um, \u00fea\u00f0 sem fr\u00e6\u00f0imennirnir eru a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0, er ekki tali\u00f0 skipta m\u00e1li\u201c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Tilvitnunin er \u00ed grein eftir Nicholas Kristof<\/b>, d\u00e1lkah\u00f6fund NYT og stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0ing a\u00f0 mennt. \u00c9g l\u00e9t festa lj\u00f3srit af greininni \u00e1 tilkynningat\u00f6flur \u00ed kennarastofum Tartu h\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma. Greininni l\u00fdkur me\u00f0 \u00e1skorun \u00e1 innbyggjara f\u00edlabeinsturna akadem\u00edunnar um a\u00f0 st\u00edga ni\u00f0ur \u00far turnunum og kasta s\u00e9r \u00fat \u00ed r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0ur samt\u00edmans um \u00fea\u00f0, sem m\u00e1li skiptir. Lokaor\u00f0 greinarinnar eru: \u201ePr\u00f3fessorar, dragi\u00f0 ykkur ekki \u00ed hl\u00e9 eins og mi\u00f0aldamunkar \u2013 vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum \u00e1 ykkur a\u00f0 halda\u201c!<\/p>\n

    \u00c9g hvet ykkur til \u00feess a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00feessari \u00ed \u00e1skorun \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0um h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir.<\/p>\n

    6.<\/h3>\n

    Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0a okkur til ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u um \u00e1litam\u00e1l af \u00feessu tagi: \u00c6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa unga f\u00f3lki\u00f0 okkar fyrir virka \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi<\/i> \u2013 sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 veita \u00f6llum j\u00f6fn t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til n\u00e1ms, \u00e1n tillits til efnahags e\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsst\u00f6\u00f0u? E\u00f0a \u00e6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sam\u00feykkja, a\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lamenntun ver\u00f0i forr\u00e9ttindi fyrir el\u00edtu<\/i> \u2013 \u00farvalsh\u00f3p \u00feeirra, sem hafa efni \u00e1 a\u00f0 borga fyrir menntun s\u00edna? \u00c6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fylgja fram stefnu, sem kennd er vi\u00f0 norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0<\/i>, sem leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 f\u00e9lagslega samst\u00f6\u00f0u og \u00fe\u00e1 samf\u00e9lagslegu skyldu a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6llum j\u00f6fn t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til menntunar? E\u00f0a \u00e6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 leita fyrirmyndar \u00ed Amer\u00edku, \u00fear sem allt er falt fyrir f\u00e9 og t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til menntunar r\u00e1\u00f0ast af efnahag og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsst\u00f6\u00f0u. S\u00fa stefna hefur n\u00fa breytt \u201elandi t\u00e6kif\u00e6ranna\u201c \u00ed virki forr\u00e9ttindast\u00e9ttar. Vi\u00f0 komumst ekki hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feessar spurningar h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir.<\/p>\n

    Sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir heimsins nj\u00f3ta vissrar s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u. Sm\u00e6\u00f0in au\u00f0veldar okkur a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda virku l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i, auk \u00feess sem okkur er l\u00edfsnau\u00f0syn a\u00f0 hamla \u00e1 m\u00f3ti tilhneigingum til vaxandi st\u00e9ttaskiptingar, ef vi\u00f0 viljum vi\u00f0halda f\u00e9lagslegri samst\u00f6\u00f0u. \u00cd lj\u00f3si \u00feessa legg \u00e9g til, a\u00f0 eftirfarandi grundvallarreglur ver\u00f0ir haf\u00f0ar til hli\u00f0sj\u00f3nar vi\u00f0 m\u00f3tun menntastefnu til framt\u00ed\u00f0ar:<\/p>\n