Spurning: \u00de\u00fa hefur l\u00fdst sj\u00e1lfum \u00fe\u00e9r sem afsprengi \u00feri\u00f0ju kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ar norr\u00e6nna s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3krata. Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 hefur sta\u00f0i\u00f0 af s\u00e9r \u00e1r\u00e1s n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar betur en flestir a\u00f0rir. Hver er galdurinn, sem sk\u00fdrir \u00feennan \u00e1rangur? <\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Svar: <\/b> \u00dea\u00f0 sem greinir norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum, t\u00f3k \u00e1 sig mynd \u00ed hinum har\u00f0v\u00edtugu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags\u00e1t\u00f6kum \u00ed heimskreppunni \u00e1 millistr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1runum \u00e1 seinustu \u00f6ld. \u00cd Vestri blasti vi\u00f0 kerfisbrestur hins \u00f3beisla\u00f0a kap\u00edtalisma \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum, sem gat af s\u00e9r heimskreppuna. \u00cd Austri fylgdumst vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 tilrauninni me\u00f0 Sov\u00e9t-komm\u00fanismann (afn\u00e1mi einkaeignar\u00e9ttar og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0n\u00fdtingu \u00e1 framlei\u00f0slut\u00e6kjunum); \u00fear gat a\u00f0 l\u00edta mi\u00f0st\u00fdr\u00f0an \u00e1\u00e6tlunarb\u00faskap, sem umhverf\u00f0ist p\u00f3lit\u00edskt \u00ed l\u00f6greglur\u00edki, \u00fear sem mannr\u00e9ttindum, l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkinu var rutt \u00far vegi.<\/p>\n
Norr\u00e6nir s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3kratar h\u00f6fnu\u00f0u b\u00e1\u00f0um \u00feessum kostum. \u00deeir f\u00f3ru \u201e\u00feri\u00f0ju lei\u00f0ina<\/b>\u201c. Vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenndum nytsemi samkeppni \u00e1 marka\u00f0i, \u00fear sem h\u00fan \u00e1tti vi\u00f0, fyrir hagkv\u00e6ma n\u00fdtingu framlei\u00f0slu\u00fe\u00e1tta og au\u00f0sk\u00f6pun. En vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g\u00f0um marka\u00f0inn undir stj\u00f3rn og eftirlit r\u00edkisins, til \u00feess a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir marka\u00f0sbrest (einokun, f\u00e1keppni og sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun au\u00f0s) til a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta almannahagsmuna. \u00deegar kom a\u00f0 menntun, heilsug\u00e6slu og grunn\u00fej\u00f3nustu (orka, vatn, almanna\u00fej\u00f3nusta o.s.frv.), h\u00f6fnu\u00f0um vi\u00f0 gr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i einkareksturs og bu\u00f0um \u00ed sta\u00f0inn upp \u00e1 almanna\u00fej\u00f3nustu \u00e1 forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkis og sveitarf\u00e9laga. Vi\u00f0 n\u00fdttum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega fengi\u00f0 vald r\u00edkisins sem t\u00e6ki til a\u00f0 halda s\u00e9rhagmunum \u00ed skefjum og til a\u00f0 tryggja meiri j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 \u00ed eigna- og tekjuskiptingu <\/i>en marka\u00f0urinn hef\u00f0i ella leitt til.<\/p>\n
\u00cd \u00f3beislu\u00f0u marka\u00f0skerfi er vald eigenda framlei\u00f0slut\u00e6kja og fj\u00e1rmagns gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegt. Atvinnurekendavaldinu fylgir miki\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edskt vald. Fj\u00e1rmagnseigendur eru bakhjarlar h\u00e6gri flokka, sem \u00feeir gera \u00fat til a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta hagsmuna sinna. Ef \u00feeir n\u00e1 hinu p\u00f3lit\u00edska valdi undir sig l\u00edka, b\u00fd\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 h\u00e6ttunni heim \u00e1 forr\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00e9rhagsmuna (hegemon\u00ed). \u00dea\u00f0 sem einkennir norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 h\u00e6gri flokkar (hagsmunag\u00e6slua\u00f0ilar s\u00e9rhagsmuna) hafa lengst af veri\u00f0 \u00fear \u00ed minnihluta; og a\u00f0 hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur laun\u00feegahreyfingarinnar \u2013 jafna\u00f0armannaflokkarnir \u2013 hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed meirihluta \u00e1ratugum saman. Almannahagsmunir hafa \u00fev\u00ed veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0andi. \u00deetta hefur hvergi gerst annars sta\u00f0ar. \u00de\u00f3tt bandalag h\u00e6griflokka hafi einstaka sinnum komist til valda, hafa \u00feeir ekki noti\u00f0 stu\u00f0nings til a\u00f0 limlesta velfer\u00f0arkerfi f\u00f3lksins. Jafna\u00f0arstefnan \u2013 s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3krat\u00ed \u2013 hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0andi hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/i> \u00ed \u00feessum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n
T\u00e6kin sem vi\u00f0 notum eru n\u00fa or\u00f0i\u00f0 kunnugleg: almannatryggingar (sj\u00fakra-, slysa-, \u00f6rorku-, elli-, og atvinnuleysistryggingar), frj\u00e1ls a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 h\u00e1g\u00e6\u00f0a heilsug\u00e6slu- og menntakerfi, sem greitt er fyrir me\u00f0 stigh\u00e6kkandi sk\u00f6ttum; virk vinnumarka\u00f0sstefna til a\u00f0 uppr\u00e6ta atvinnuleysi; og a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegum kj\u00f6rum fyrir alla. Mikil \u00e1hersla er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 jafnr\u00e9tti kynja og stu\u00f0ning vi\u00f0 barnafj\u00f6lskyldur. \u00d6ll eru \u00feessi r\u00e9ttindi flokku\u00f0 sem mannr\u00e9ttindi \u2013 en ekki \u00f6lmusur.<\/p>\n
Aflei\u00f0ingin er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag, \u00fear sem j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur \u00ed eigna- og tekjuskiptingu er meiri en annars sta\u00f0ar. Frelsi einstaklingsins n\u00fdtur virks stu\u00f0nings \u00ed reynd. F\u00e9lagslegur hreyfanleiki \u2013 getan til a\u00f0 vinna sig fr\u00e1 f\u00e1t\u00e6kt til bjarg\u00e1lna \u2013 er meiri en annars sta\u00f0ar. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag jafna\u00f0arstefnunnar hefur \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed reynd leyst Bandar\u00edkin af h\u00f3lmi sem land t\u00e6kif\u00e6ranna.<\/p>\n
Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 er eina \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsm\u00f3deli\u00f0, sem m\u00f3ta\u00f0 var \u00e1 \u00f6ldinni sem lei\u00f0, sem hefur sta\u00f0ist d\u00f3m reynslunnar \u00e1 krefjandi t\u00edmum hnattv\u00e6ddrar samkeppni \u00e1 21stu \u00f6ldinni. Komm\u00fanisminn er husla\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00f6skuhaugum s\u00f6gunnar, og \u00f3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi skv. forskrift n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar \u2013 hrekst \u00far einni kreppunni \u00ed a\u00f0ra. Hann er ekki bara manneskjufjandsamlegur \u2013 heldur beinl\u00ednis \u00f3gnun vi\u00f0 l\u00edfr\u00edki jar\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n
Eins og fyrr var sagt, byrja\u00f0i n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjan sem uppreisn gegn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu. Samkv\u00e6mt kenningum n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar er velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0, me\u00f0 s\u00ednum h\u00e1u sk\u00f6ttum og \u00f6fluga r\u00edkisvaldi, \u00f3sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rt. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera d\u00e6mt til a\u00f0 dragast aftur \u00far \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri samkeppni vegna lamandi \u00edhlutunar r\u00edkisvaldsins gegn einkaframtaki og t\u00e6knin\u00fdjungum. Kerfi\u00f0 er sagt vera \u00ed e\u00f0li s\u00ednu \u00f3samkeppnish\u00e6ft. \u00cdhlutun r\u00edkisins dragi \u00far hagkv\u00e6mni marka\u00f0slausna og hamli vexti. Kerfi\u00f0 ey\u00f0i \u00f6llum hv\u00f6tum til sj\u00e1lfsbjargarvi\u00f0leitni. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn fyrir hugarfar frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ulsins ver\u00f0i hugarfar \u00feiggjandans alls r\u00e1\u00f0andi. \u00dea\u00f0 vanti alla \u201ed\u00ednam\u00edk\u201c (sk\u00f6punarkraft). \u00dea\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 enda \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0nun. Og m\u00f6ppud\u00fdr kerfisins muni a\u00f0 lokum k\u00e6fa frelsi einstaklingsins og enda \u00ed alr\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edki (Hayek).<\/p>\n
Gallinn vi\u00f0 \u00feessa d\u00f3madagssp\u00e1 er s\u00e1, a\u00f0 reynslan hefur einfaldlega afsanna\u00f0 hana. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert h\u00e6ft \u00ed \u00feessu. Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin eru ekki lengur til. \u00d3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi hrekst \u00far einni tilvistarkreppunni \u00ed a\u00f0ra. En norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 hefur sta\u00f0ist d\u00f3m reynslunnar betur en b\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00feessir tr\u00fabo\u00f0ar St\u00f3rasannleiks. Sta\u00f0reyndirnar eru \u00f3hrekjandi. \u00d3teljandi sk\u00fdrslur um frammist\u00f6\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja \u00ed har\u00f0ri samkeppni \u00e1 \u00f6ld al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0av\u00e6\u00f0ingar tala s\u00ednu m\u00e1li. \u00dea\u00f0 er sama hva\u00f0a m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a vi\u00f0 notum: Norr\u00e6nu r\u00edkin eru \u00f3brig\u00f0ult \u00ed fremstu r\u00f6\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta \u00e1 ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 um hagr\u00e6na m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a en a\u00f0ra: Hagv\u00f6xt, framlei\u00f0ni pr vinnustund, ranns\u00f3knir og \u00fer\u00f3un, t\u00e6knin\u00fdjungar og \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu \u00feeirra, sk\u00f6pun starfa, \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i (s\u00e9rstaklega \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku kvenna), jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i kynjanna, menntunarstig og starfs\u00fej\u00e1lfun, f\u00e9lagslegan hreyfanleika, heilbrig\u00f0i og langl\u00edfi, g\u00e6\u00f0i innvi\u00f0a, \u00fatr\u00fdmingu f\u00e1t\u00e6ktar, a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 \u00f3spilltri n\u00e1tt\u00faru, almenn l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0i. Og miklu minni \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 en v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar annars sta\u00f0ar. R\u00f3tgr\u00f3i\u00f0 og vakandi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i. Hva\u00f0 viltu meir? <\/i><\/p>\n
Hvers vegna hafa frj\u00e1lshyggjutr\u00fabo\u00f0arnir fari\u00f0 svona gersamlega villur vega? \u00cd grundvallaratri\u00f0um vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 mannskilningur \u00feeirra, s\u00f3ttur \u00ed s\u00f3s\u00edal-Darwinisma aftan \u00far 19du \u00f6ld, er vafasamt veganesti. Mannskepnan er vissulega sj\u00e1lfselsk og gr\u00e1\u00f0ug. En h\u00fan er ekki gersneydd samhyg\u00f0 og getunni til samst\u00f6\u00f0u. Menn \u00fer\u00edfast ekki \u00ed einangrun. \u00deeir \u00fer\u00edfast bara \u00ed samf\u00e9lagi. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum hvert \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru a\u00f0 halda. Verkamenn eru f\u00fasari a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 \u00fareldingu starfa \u00feeirra vegna t\u00e6knin\u00fdjunga, ef \u00feeir vita, a\u00f0 \u00feeir geta reitt sig \u00e1 atvinnuleysistryggingar og stu\u00f0ning vi\u00f0 starfs\u00fej\u00e1lfun fyrir n\u00fd st\u00f6rf; ef \u00feeir vita, a\u00f0 \u00feeir muni hvorki glata heilbrig\u00f0istryggingunni e\u00f0a \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0inni, hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 heldur l\u00edfeyristryggingunni me\u00f0 gamla starfinu.<\/p>\n
Frj\u00e1lshyggjutr\u00fabo\u00f0ar tr\u00faa \u00fev\u00ed allir, a\u00f0 kap\u00edtalistar \u00feurfi s\u00e9rstakar skatta\u00edvilnanir til \u00feess a\u00f0 leggja \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 sig a\u00f0 gr\u00e6\u00f0a. Jafnframt tr\u00faa \u00feeir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 atvinnuleysistryggingar geri verkamenn lata. \u00deeir hafa rangt fyrir s\u00e9r. \u00de\u00e1tttaka \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0num eru hvergi h\u00e6rri en \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum ekki a\u00f0 borga forstj\u00f3rum 400 sinnum h\u00e6rri laun en laun\u00feegum a\u00f0 me\u00f0altali til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 til a\u00f0 m\u00e6ta \u00ed vinnuna. Reynslan s\u00fdnir, a\u00f0 \u00feessi ruslapoki, st\u00fatfullur af n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjukreddum, er samsafn af go\u00f0s\u00f6gnum, hr\u00e6\u00f0slu\u00e1r\u00f3\u00f0ri og heila\u00fevotti \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu hinna ofurr\u00edku, sem hversdagsleg reynsla okkar hefur ekki undan a\u00f0 afsanna.<\/p>\n
Spurning: \u00cd lj\u00f3si \u00feess, sem \u00fe\u00fa hefur \u00feegar sagt um \u00e1rangur jafna\u00f0armanna \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum, hvernig \u00fatsk\u00fdrir \u00fe\u00fa \u00fe\u00e1, a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0armannaflokkarnir \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu \u2013 einnig \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum \u2013 eru v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar \u00ed tilvistarkreppu og stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0u? <\/b><\/p>\n
Svar: <\/b> \u00c6tli megin\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an s\u00e9 ekki s\u00fa, a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0armenn s\u00e9u f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb eigin \u00e1rangurs? Batnandi l\u00edfskj\u00f6r, grei\u00f0ur a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 menntun og b\u00e6tt eignasta\u00f0a opnar fyrir f\u00e9lagslegan hreyfanleika upp \u00e1 vi\u00f0. Fj\u00f6ldinn allur af afkomendum verkaf\u00f3lks, sem verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin og flokkar jafna\u00f0armanna ruddu brautina fyrir , hafa klifra\u00f0 upp \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsstigann og tilheyra n\u00fa millist\u00e9tt. Eigi\u00f0 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i, einstaklingsbundnir starfssamningar og fj\u00f6lgun s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga af \u00f6llu tagi \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustugeirum samf\u00e9lagsins, allt \u00fdtir \u00feetta undir einhvers konar einstaklingshyggju. \u00deetta dregur \u00far st\u00e9ttarvitund og f\u00e9lagslegri samst\u00f6\u00f0u. \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert til, sem heitir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag \u2013 bara einstaklingar\u201c sag\u00f0i j\u00e1rn-fr\u00fain Maggie Thatcher<\/b>.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta endurspeglar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsbreytingar, sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum \u00f6\u00f0rum fremur beitt okkur fyrir.Hvernig eigum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0? Sumar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feess arna eru sj\u00e1lfum okkur a\u00f0 kenna. Frj\u00e1lshyggjutr\u00fabo\u00f0i\u00f0 byrja\u00f0i sem uppreisn gegn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu, sem er holdgerving okkar eigin hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i. Hlutverk okkar er a\u00f0 verja hagsmuni vinnandi f\u00f3lks gegn fj\u00e1rmagnseigendum, almannahagsmuni gegn r\u00f3tgr\u00f3num s\u00e9rhagsmunum, mannr\u00e9ttindi verkaf\u00f3lks gegn r\u00e1\u00f0ningarvaldi atvinnurekenda. Vi\u00f0 freistum \u00feess a\u00f0 hagn\u00fdta l\u00f6gm\u00e6tt vald l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds gegn sj\u00e1lfgefnu valdi au\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isins. \u00deetta er beinl\u00ednis p\u00f3lit\u00edskt hlutverk okkar jafna\u00f0armanna. Vi\u00f0 brug\u00f0umst vi\u00f0 kerfisbresti b\u00f3luhagkerfis hins \u00f3hefta kap\u00edtalisma, sem enda\u00f0i \u00ed heimskreppu, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 skepnuna; me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beisla ofurgr\u00e6\u00f0gi kapitalisma, sem l\u00e9t ekki lengur a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rn. \u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0, sem vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 gera \u00e1 n\u00fd, eftir a\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjan hefur skori\u00f0 aftur \u00e1 b\u00f6ndin og hleypt gr\u00e6\u00f0gisskepnunni \u00e1 varnarlausan almenning, einu sinni enn.<\/p>\n
Og \u00fea\u00f0 er n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega \u00ed \u00feessum punkti, sem jafna\u00f0armannahreyfingin \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu hefur brug\u00f0ist \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppunnar 2008. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00ed\u00f0ast, a\u00f0 grundvallarreglur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagss\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans hafi veri\u00f0 rofnar. Gr\u00f3\u00f0inn var allur einkav\u00e6ddur, en skuldirnar hafa veri\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0n\u00fdttar. Skattgrei\u00f0endur hafa veri\u00f0 \u00fevinga\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 bjarga b\u00f6nkunum \u2013 eigendum fj\u00e1rmagnsins \u2013 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a h\u00e6rri skatta og \u00feola har\u00f0neskjulegan ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00e9lagslegum \u00fatgj\u00f6ldum og s\u00edvaxandi atvinnuleysi. Ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0arp\u00f3lit\u00edkinni \u2013 \u201eausterity\u201c \u2013 l\u00e6kning, sem er verri en sj\u00fakd\u00f3murinn, sem h\u00fan \u00e1 a\u00f0 l\u00e6kna \u2013 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f6ngva\u00f0 upp \u00e1 almenning, me\u00f0 h\u00f6rmulegum aflei\u00f0ingum.<\/p>\n
\u00cd m\u00f6rgum l\u00f6ndum \u2013 \u00fe.\u00e1.m. \u00cdslandi \u2013 br\u00e1st jafna\u00f0armannaflokkunum bogalistin vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 fyrir kreppuna, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir s\u00fdnilegar vi\u00f0varanir. \u00deegar \u00e1 reyndi, brug\u00f0ust \u00feeir skyldum s\u00ednum a\u00f0 standa me\u00f0 f\u00f3lkinu gegn fjarmagninu vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 aflei\u00f0ingum kreppunnar. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 eru fleiri \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur, sem taka \u00fearf tillit til. Sumar \u00feeirra m\u00e1 rekja til \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsbreytinga (hnattv\u00e6\u00f0ingin) sem vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0um ekki vi\u00f0. Sambland t\u00e6knin\u00fdjunga og hnattv\u00e6\u00f0ingar hefur valdi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 okkar hef\u00f0bundni kj\u00f3sendah\u00f3pur hefur skroppi\u00f0 saman. \u00c1 t\u00edmaskei\u00f0i i\u00f0nv\u00e6\u00f0ingarinnar voru jafna\u00f0armannaflokkarnir hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar, sem \u00fe\u00e1 var tr\u00faver\u00f0ug mannr\u00e9ttindahreyfing f\u00e1t\u00e6ks f\u00f3lks. Flestir verkamenn st\u00f6rfu\u00f0u \u00ed verksmi\u00f0jum, \u00fear sem \u00feeir st\u00f3\u00f0u hli\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0 vi\u00f0 f\u00e6rib\u00f6ndin. F\u00e9lagsleg samsta\u00f0a var sj\u00e1lfsprottin og e\u00f0lisl\u00e6g.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta var \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma, \u00feegar fj\u00f6ldaframlei\u00f0sla i\u00f0nvarnings var megin uppspretta starfa \u00ed hinum i\u00f0nv\u00e6dda hluta heimsins. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki lengur svo. Fj\u00f6ldaframlei\u00f0slan hefur flutt \u00far landi, til \u00fer\u00f3unarlanda. Uppgangur K\u00edna, Indlands og annarra \u00fer\u00f3unarr\u00edkja \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir, a\u00f0 hundru\u00f0 millj\u00f3na \u00f3fagl\u00e6r\u00f0ra verkamanna hafa haldi\u00f0 innrei\u00f0 s\u00edna \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ahagkerfi\u00f0. \u00d3taldar millj\u00f3nir starfa hafa flust til K\u00edna, Su\u00f0-Austur As\u00edu, Mex\u00edk\u00f3 o.s. frv. \u2013 burt fr\u00e1 hinum hef\u00f0bundnu i\u00f0nr\u00edkjum. K\u00edna er or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u201everksmi\u00f0ju heimsins\u201c, eins og Bretlandi var einu sinni l\u00fdst. \u00deetta hefur veikt samningsst\u00f6\u00f0u hef\u00f0bundins verkaf\u00f3lks \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og Amer\u00edku.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er hluti af sk\u00fdringunni \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, hvers vegna grunnlaun hafa sta\u00f0na\u00f0; hvers vegna hlutur launa \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0artekjum heimsins \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 hlut fj\u00e1rmagnsins, hefur snarminnka\u00f0; hvers vegna atvinnuleysi hefur fari\u00f0 vaxandi; hvers vegna atvinnurekendur hafa styrkt st\u00f6\u00f0u s\u00edna gagnvart verkaf\u00f3lki, sem hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 versnandi kj\u00f6r. Hvers vegna styrkur m\u00f3tv\u00e6gisafla (\u201ecounterveiling powers\u201c, me\u00f0 or\u00f0um Johns Kenneth Galbraith<\/b>), hefur veikst, og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 b\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 um verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfinguna og flokka hennar, v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er a\u00f0 hluta til vegna \u00feess, a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagni\u00f0 er hnattv\u00e6tt \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 fer hindrunarlaust fram og til baka yfir landam\u00e6ri \u2013 en p\u00f3lit\u00edkin \u00ed hverju \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edki er sta\u00f0bundin, innikr\u00f3u\u00f0 (lokal) af landam\u00e6rum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt samstarf \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja til \u00feess a\u00f0 loka skattaskj\u00f3lunum; til \u00feess a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va samkeppni \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkjanna um \u201eskattal\u00e6kkanir ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 vi\u00f0\u201c; og til \u00feess a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 \u201eTobin<\/b>-skattinum\u201c, skattlagningu \u00e1 fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lagj\u00f6rninga yfir landam\u00e6ri, b\u00e6\u00f0i sem stj\u00f3rnt\u00e6ki var\u00f0andi fj\u00e1rmagnshreyfingar yfir landam\u00e6ri og til tekju\u00f6flunar. \u00deetta er ein megin\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3kratar ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 taka h\u00f6ndum saman innan Evr\u00f3pusambandsins. \u00deeir \u00feurfa a\u00f0 taka h\u00f6ndum saman um a\u00f0 losa Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 undan \u00e1hrifum n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar og taka til \u00f6flugra varna fyrir almannahagsmuni gegn ofurvaldi hinna ofurr\u00edku. \u00deetta er eina lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 bjarga Evr\u00f3pusambandinu undan s\u00edvaxandi sundurvirkni \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernissinna og n\u00fdfasista.<\/p>\n
Spurning: Hvernig s\u00e9r\u00f0u fyrir \u00fe\u00e9r s\u00f3knarf\u00e6ri s\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3krata vi\u00f0 r\u00edkjandi a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og heiminum? <\/b><\/p>\n
Svar: <\/b> Huglei\u00f0um \u00fea\u00f0 sem er a\u00f0 gerast \u00ed forsetakosningunum \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum \u00feetta misseri\u00f0. Aldurhniginn herrama\u00f0ur, Bernie Sanders<\/b>, br\u00fdst fram \u00e1 sj\u00f3narsvi\u00f0i\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00edgildan s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3krat\u00edskan bo\u00f0skap. Honum er teki\u00f0 n\u00e6rri \u00fev\u00ed eins og mannkynsfrelsara, sem lengi hefur veri\u00f0 be\u00f0i\u00f0 eftir. Unga kynsl\u00f3\u00f0in \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum var vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 glata allri tr\u00fa \u00e1 getu bandar\u00edsks l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is til a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra v\u00f6ldin aftur fr\u00e1 au\u00f0kl\u00edkunni til f\u00f3lksins. Jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt hann hafi ekki n\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a forsetaframbj\u00f3\u00f0andi dem\u00f3krata, hefur hann breytt hinu p\u00f3lit\u00edska landslagi \u00ed \u00feessari h\u00e1borg n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar. Og uppreisnin gegn au\u00f0kl\u00edkunni, sem \u00f6llu r\u00e6\u00f0ur, er or\u00f0in svo m\u00f6gnu\u00f0, a\u00f0 rep\u00fablikana-flokkurinn, sem hinga\u00f0 til hefur veri\u00f0 helsta valdat\u00e6ki au\u00f0kl\u00edkunnar, fr\u00e1 Reagan til Bush<\/b>, er n\u00fa genginn \u00feeim \u00far greipum. \u00dear fer n\u00fa fremstur \u00ed flokki \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernissinna\u00f0ur populisti, sem reynir a\u00f0 virkja rei\u00f0i og vonbrig\u00f0i almennings gegn el\u00edtunni.<\/p>\n
Hva\u00f0 er a\u00f0 gerast \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum? \u00dea\u00f0 sem einu sinni h\u00e9t \u201eland t\u00e6kif\u00e6ranna\u201c er n\u00fa, eftir \u00feriggja \u00e1ratuga stj\u00f3rnarfar \u00ed anda n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggju or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 mesta \u00f3jafna\u00f0ar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi <\/i>me\u00f0al \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ra r\u00edkja. St\u00e9ttaskiptingin er or\u00f0in svo har\u00f0sv\u00edru\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 tekur jafnvel fram g\u00f6mlu evr\u00f3psku n\u00fdlenduveldunum. \u00deetta er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi\u00f0, \u00fear sem hinir ofurr\u00edku b\u00faa \u00ed v\u00edggirtum villuhverfum undir hervernd, v\u00ed\u00f0sfjarri afganginum af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu. Hinir snau\u00f0u lifa \u00ed vanr\u00e6ktum og ni\u00f0urn\u00edddum sl\u00f6mmum, \u00fear sem g\u00e6\u00f0i sk\u00f3lastarfs eru sl\u00edk, a\u00f0 vonin um a\u00f0 vinna sig upp er gleymd og grafin.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 eru margar v\u00edsbendingar um, a\u00f0 bandar\u00edskt l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edsi ekki lengur undir v\u00e6ntingum almennings. \u00deegar meira en 60% kosningab\u00e6rra manna telja \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00f3maksins vert a\u00f0 m\u00e6ta \u00e1 kj\u00f6rsta\u00f0 (og upp undir 80% \u00ed yngsta aldursh\u00f3pnum), bendir margt til \u00feess, a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkjamenn hafi glata\u00f0 tr\u00fanni \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0. Hverjir eru \u00fea\u00f0 sem r\u00e1\u00f0a r\u00edkjum \u00ed Washington D.C.? F\u00e1ein hundru\u00f0 \u00feingmanna, sem eiga p\u00f3lit\u00edskt framhaldsl\u00edf sitt undir framl\u00f6gum hinna ofurr\u00edku, e\u00f0a n\u00e6stum 40 \u00fe\u00fasund \u201elobbyistar\u201c helstu au\u00f0hringanna, sem hafa vanist \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 eiga s\u00ed\u00f0asta or\u00f0i\u00f0 um l\u00f6g landsins? Samkv\u00e6mt \u00edtreku\u00f0um sko\u00f0anak\u00f6nnunum undanfarinna \u00e1ra fer \u00fev\u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0s fjarri, a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkja\u00feing endurspegli meirihlutavilja kj\u00f3senda. Hva\u00f0 segir \u00fea\u00f0 okkur um heilsufar l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isins?<\/p>\n
Hver er bo\u00f0skapur hins l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega s\u00f3s\u00edalista, Bernie Sanders? Hann hefur skori\u00f0 upp her\u00f6r gegn Wall Street. Hann hefur vaki\u00f0 vonir f\u00f3lks, sem var vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 gefa upp vonina, um a\u00f0 enn s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 endurvekja amer\u00edskt l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i; endurheimta \u00fea\u00f0 \u00far kl\u00f3m eina pr\u00f3sentsins, sem \u00f6llu r\u00e6\u00f0ur. Skattleggja hina ofurr\u00edku. Loka skattaskj\u00f3lunum. Frj\u00e1lsan a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 heilsug\u00e6slu \u00e1n tillits til efnahags. Frj\u00e1lsan a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 sk\u00f3lum. L\u00e1gmarkslaun, sem duga til framf\u00e6rslu fj\u00f6lskyldu. Langt\u00edmafj\u00e1rfestingar \u00ed innvi\u00f0um samf\u00e9lagsins. S\u00edgild s\u00f3s\u00edal-demokratisk stefnuskr\u00e1. \u00c9g legg til, a\u00f0 evr\u00f3pskir s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3kratar pikki nokkrar bla\u00f0s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00fat \u00far stefnuskr\u00e1 Sanders:<\/p>\n
Breg\u00f0umst vi\u00f0 \u00e1heiti hans heilagleika p\u00e1fans um a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 sj\u00fakt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi. Virkjum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu almannahagsmuna. L\u00fdsum \u00f3brig\u00f0ulli samst\u00f6\u00f0u me\u00f0 \u00e6skul\u00fd\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pu, sem hefur veri\u00f0 skilinn eftir utangar\u00f0s \u00ed bi\u00f0r\u00f6\u00f0um atvinnuleysingja, fyrsta kynsl\u00f3\u00f0in eftir str\u00ed\u00f0, sem tr\u00falega mun b\u00faa vi\u00f0 verri l\u00edfskj\u00f6r en foreldrarnir. Og t\u00f6kum upp innbl\u00e1sna bar\u00e1ttu fyrir verndun n\u00e1tt\u00farunnar og sameiginlegri framt\u00ed\u00f0 okkar \u00e1 \u00feessari pl\u00e1netu. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum enga a\u00f0ra, ef vi\u00f0 fordj\u00f6rfum \u00feessa.<\/p>\n
Okkar b\u00ed\u00f0a \u00ferj\u00fa meginverkefni \u00ed samt\u00ed\u00f0 og n\u00e1inni framt\u00ed\u00f0:<\/p>\n
Fyrsta verkefni er a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 sj\u00fakt og stj\u00f3rnlaust fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi; og a\u00f0 koma \u00fev\u00ed aftur undir stj\u00f3rn og eftirlit l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds. <\/i><\/p>\n
Anna\u00f0 verkefni kallar \u00e1 langt\u00edma opinberar fj\u00e1rfestingar \u00ed hreinni og endurn\u00fdjanlegri orku, sem komi \u00ed sta\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneytis sem drifkraftur hagkerfis framt\u00ed\u00f0arinnar. \u00deetta, \u00e1samt al\u00fejo\u00f0legu \u00e1taki um hreinsun hafsins, er br\u00fdnasta verkefni okkar til \u00feess a\u00f0 draga \u00far fyrirsj\u00e1anlegum h\u00f6rmulegum aflei\u00f0ingum loftslagsbreytinga af mannav\u00f6ldum. Um \u00feetta eiga jafna\u00f0armenn og umhverfisverndarsinnar a\u00f0 sameinast. <\/i><\/p>\n
\u00deri\u00f0ja verkefni er a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa n\u00fa \u00feegar, hvernig vi\u00f0 \u00e6tlum a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 aflei\u00f0ingum \u00feeirrar t\u00e6knibyltingar, sem er \u00e1 fullu allt \u00ed kringum okkur (uppl\u00fdsingabyltingin, stafr\u00e6na byltingin og sj\u00e1lfvirknin), sem mun \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum og \u00e1ratugum breyta me\u00f0 byltingarkenndum h\u00e6tti e\u00f0li vinnunnar \u00ed mannlegu samf\u00e9lagi. <\/i><\/p>\n
\u00cd n\u00e1inni framt\u00ed\u00f0 eru allar horfur \u00e1, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 st\u00f6ndum frammi fyrir gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegu og kerfisl\u00e6gu atvinnuleysi sem aflei\u00f0ingu \u00feessarar t\u00e6knibyltingar. \u00deetta kallar \u00e1 r\u00f3tt\u00e6ka hugsun um tekjuskiptinguna og um hlutverk l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skipuleggja \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsleg vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0. R\u00f3tt\u00e6kar hugmyndir um \u201egrunntekjur\u201c fyrir alla, e\u00f0a l\u00e1gmarks erf\u00f0af\u00e9 fyrir alla vi\u00f0 upphaf starfsferils, eiga a\u00f0 vera \u00feegar \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1. Reyndar eru flestar \u00feessara hugmynda ekki eins r\u00f3tt\u00e6kar og \u00fe\u00e6r hlj\u00f3ma vi\u00f0 fyrstu kynni. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna, a\u00f0 hugmyndin um neikv\u00e6\u00f0an tekjuskatt \u2013 l\u00e1gmarkstryggingu til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar launum, er fyrir l\u00f6ngu komin til framkv\u00e6mda og naut meira a\u00f0 segja stu\u00f0nings Miltons Freedman<\/b>, helsta sp\u00e1manns n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar.<\/p>\n
\u00deessi \u00ferj\u00fa vandam\u00e1l og lausnir \u00e1 \u00feeim, eru \u00f6ll innbyr\u00f0is tengd. Lausninrnar kalla \u00e1 vandlega hanna\u00f0ar lausnir \u00ed anda jafna\u00f0arstefnu, sem og p\u00f3lit\u00edska a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna \u00feeim fylgi. P\u00f3lit\u00edskar fosendur fyrir \u00e1rangri eru a\u00f0 n\u00e1 m\u00e1lefnalegri samst\u00f6\u00f0u verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar, jafna\u00f0armannaflokka, umverfisverndarsinna og r\u00f3tt\u00e6kra vinstrisinna \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu, sem eru fulltr\u00faar ungrar kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ar, sem hefur veri\u00f0 skilin eftir utangar\u00f0s.<\/p>\n
Vegv\u00edsarnir eru \u00feegar \u00fearna. Munum v\u00edsd\u00f3msor\u00f0 Erlanders, sem vitna\u00f0 var til \u00ed upphafi \u00feessa vi\u00f0tals: \u201cMarka\u00f0urinn er \u00fearfur \u00fej\u00f3nn, en \u00f3\u00feolandi h\u00fasb\u00f3ndi\u201c. Hinn andlegi lei\u00f0togi ka\u00fe\u00f3lsku kirkjunnar er samm\u00e1la og b\u00e6tir vi\u00f0: \u201ePeningarnir eiga a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na manninum, ekki a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna honum\u201c. <\/i><\/p>\n
Afgangurinn er bara framkv\u00e6mdaatri\u00f0i. \u00deekkingin er til sta\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n
Vilji er allt sem \u00fearf.<\/p>\n
Stiklur me\u00f0 seinni hluta vi\u00f0tals vi\u00f0 JBH: <\/b><\/p>\n Vi\u00f0tal M\u00f6rtu Vidunait\u00e9<\/b> vi\u00f0 J\u00f3n Baldvin Hannibalsson<\/b>. Vi\u00f0tali\u00f0 birtist \u00ed j\u00fan\u00ed \u00ed m\u00e1lgagni lit\u00e1iska S\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3krataflokksins<\/b>, \u00ed tilefni af 120 \u00e1ra afm\u00e6li flokksins. <\/p>\n \u201eS\u00fa var t\u00ed\u00f0, a\u00f0 s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3kratar \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og\u201cnew-dealers\u201c \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum vissu, hva\u00f0 til \u00feeirra p\u00f3lit\u00edska fri\u00f0ar heyr\u00f0i. \u00deeir vissu, a\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 si\u00f0v\u00e6\u00f0a kapitalismann \u00feurfti a\u00f0 skattleggja drj\u00fagan hluta af ar\u00f0i fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda til \u00feess a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagna verkefni eins og sj\u00fakrah\u00fas, sk\u00f3la, atvinnuleysistryggingar og \u2013 gleymum \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u2013 menninguna. Willy Brandt, Bruno Kreisky og Olof Palme<\/b> vissu allir, a\u00f0 \u00feetta var \u00feeirra verkefni…… En \u00feegar fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi\u00f0 var leyst \u00far l\u00e6\u00f0ingi …. \u00e1 \u00e1runum upp \u00far 1980, breyttist allt. (Yanis Varoufakis, fv. fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra Grikkja: Europe, Austerity and the Threat to Global Stability, 2016) <\/b>.<\/i> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1390"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2656,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions\/2656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n