KAPITALISMINN<\/b> \u2013 me\u00f0 sinni forhertu sk\u00edrskotun til eigingirni mannsins og gr\u00f3\u00f0af\u00edknar \u2013 ver\u00f0ur seint kenndur vi\u00f0 si\u00f0abo\u00f0skap kristninnar. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert \u201es\u00e6lla-er-a\u00f0-gefa-en-\u00feiggja\u201c \u00e1 hans kokkab\u00f3kum. P\u00f3lskur h\u00e1\u00f0fugl, sem var a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa hlutskipti f\u00f3lks \u00ed hinum hr\u00e1slagalega kapitalisma, sem t\u00f3k vi\u00f0 \u00fear \u00ed landi eftir fall komm\u00fanismans \u2013 sjokk-\u00feerap\u00eda <\/i>var \u00fea\u00f0 kalla\u00f0 \u2013 en reyndist vera meira sjokk en \u00feerap\u00eda, komst a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u, a\u00f0 svo frumst\u00e6\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi g\u00e6ti ekki \u00ferifist \u00ed himnar\u00edki. Reyndar \u00e6tti hann ekkert erindi \u00ed helv\u00edti heldur, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann v\u00e6ri \u00fear fyrir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er leitun a\u00f0 manni, sem l\u00fdst hefur a\u00f0d\u00e1un sinni \u00e1 frumkap\u00edtalisma i\u00f0nbyltingarinnar af jafnmikilli a\u00f0d\u00e1un og Karl Marx<\/b>. Hann f\u00e9kk ekki duli\u00f0 hrifningu s\u00edna \u00e1 \u00feessari gr\u00f3\u00f0akv\u00f6rn, sem muldi m\u00e9linu sm\u00e6rra alla fyrirst\u00f6\u00f0u og h\u00e1ma\u00f0i \u00ed sig au\u00f0lindir jar\u00f0ar \u00e1 \u00fat\u00feensluskei\u00f0i n\u00fdlendustefnunnar. Samt komst hann a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u, a\u00f0 vegna innri m\u00f3tsagna mundi kap\u00edtalisminn, a\u00f0 lokum, tort\u00edma sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r<\/i>. \u00c6 t\u00ed\u00f0ari offramlei\u00f0slukreppur fj\u00f6lgu\u00f0u s\u00edfellt \u00ed \u201evaraher atvinnuleysingjanna\u201c. Sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun au\u00f0s \u00e1 f\u00e1ar hendur mitt \u00ed \u00f6rbirg\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldans myndi a\u00f0 lokum framkalla byltingu. \u00d6reigar allra landa sameinist!<\/i><\/p>\n
Var ekki Oxfam a\u00f0 tilkynna um daginn, a\u00f0 64 ofurr\u00edkustu einstaklingarnir r\u00e9\u00f0u yfir meiri au\u00f0i en helmingur mannkyns, ca. 3.6 milljar\u00f0ar manna? Og fj\u00f6ldaatvinnuleysi \u2013 allt a\u00f0 annar hver ma\u00f0ur me\u00f0al ungs f\u00f3lks \u00ed sumum l\u00f6ndum Evr\u00f3pusambandsins \u2013 er or\u00f0i\u00f0 innbyggt \u00ed kerfi\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Byltingin kom a\u00f0 v\u00edsu, eins og Marx sp\u00e1\u00f0i \u2013 en \u00fear sem hann \u00e1tti hennar s\u00edst von: \u00cd frumst\u00e6\u00f0u l\u00e9nsveldi \u00e1nau\u00f0ugra b\u00e6nda \u00e1 Volgub\u00f6kkum, en ekki \u00ed hinum \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u i\u00f0nr\u00edkjum. Bylting Len\u00edns og Stal\u00edns enda\u00f0i \u00ed g\u00falaginu og er n\u00fa huslu\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6skuhaugum s\u00f6gunnar. En hvers vegna r\u00e6ttist ekki sp\u00e1 Marx um byltingu \u00f6reiganna \u00ed i\u00f0nr\u00edkjum Vesturlanda? \u00dea\u00f0 var vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0, seinni t\u00edma l\u00e6risveinar Marx \u00e1 Vesturl\u00f6ndum, virkju\u00f0um afl l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isins \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu fj\u00f6ldans.<\/p>\n
Fj\u00f6ldahreyfingar vinnandi f\u00f3lks, verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin og hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur hennar, jafna\u00f0armannaflokkarnir, virkju\u00f0u l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 til a\u00f0 breyta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu \u2013 beisla kap\u00edtalismann. Koma \u00e1 hann b\u00f6ndum. Hafa hann undir eftirliti. Setja honum l\u00f6g og reglur \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu almannahagsmuna. Hvergi \u00ed heiminum hefur \u00feetta tekist jafnvel og \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum, eins og \u00e9g v\u00edk a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er okkar erindisbr\u00e9f, jafna\u00f0armanna; a\u00f0 hemja kap\u00edtalismann, en um lei\u00f0 a\u00f0 for\u00f0a honum \u2013 og okkur \u2013 fr\u00e1 sj\u00e1lfstort\u00edmingu.<\/i><\/p>\nUppreisn n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar gegn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu.<\/h3>\n
Vi\u00f0 jafna\u00f0armenn megum s\u00edst allra gleyma \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjut\u00edmabili\u00f0<\/b>, sem n\u00fa er \u00ed andaslitrunum, byrja\u00f0i me\u00f0 uppreisn gegn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu<\/i> \u00e1 8unda \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar \u2013 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vekja upp aftur tr\u00fana \u00e1 \u00f3skeikulleik marka\u00f0a og ska\u00f0semi r\u00edkisafskipta. \u00deeir skilgreindu okkur sem \u00f3vininn. Vandi okkar er a\u00f0 verulegu leyti s\u00e1, a\u00f0 okkur hefur l\u00e1\u00f0st a\u00f0 gjalda l\u00edku l\u00edkt.<\/p>\n
Hugtaki\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggja er reyndar afar villandi or\u00f0anotkun, n\u00e1nast orwellskt \u00f6fugm\u00e6li. \u00deetta fyrirb\u00e6ri er nefnilega hvorki n\u00fdtt n\u00e9 \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 skylt vi\u00f0 frelsisbar\u00e1ttu fj\u00f6ldans. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti. \u00deetta er uppvakningur \u00fareltra laissez-faire<\/i> hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ikenninga aftan \u00far 19du \u00f6ld. Kjarni \u00feeirra er bernsk tr\u00fa \u00e1 \u00f3skeikulleik marka\u00f0a og e\u00f0lisl\u00e6ga getu \u00feeirra til a\u00f0 lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta sj\u00e1lfa sig. B\u00e1\u00f0ar \u00feessar tr\u00faarsetningar hafa reynst rangar. Kerfisbrestur \u00f3beisla\u00f0s kap\u00edtalisma \u00ed kreppunni miklu milli 1930 og 1940 \u00e1 seinustu \u00f6ld sta\u00f0festi skipbrot \u00feessarar hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feegar. Sagan endurt\u00f3k sig 2008 me\u00f0 Hruninu<\/b>. Og allt er \u00feegar \u00ferennt er: Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 kerfi\u00f0 var, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir Hruni\u00f0, endurreist skv. sama m\u00f3deli<\/i>, teljast meiri l\u00edkur en minni vera \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 kerfi\u00f0 hrynji yfir okkur einu sinni enn.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 t\u00f3k heilan \u00e1ratug me\u00f0 \u00edhlutun r\u00edkisins \u2013 \u201eNew-Deal<\/b>\u201c \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum og Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0<\/b> \u00ed Skandinav\u00edu \u2013 og reyndar heila heimsstyrj\u00f6ld, sem kosta\u00f0i 50 millj\u00f3nir mannsl\u00edfa, a\u00f0 bl\u00e1sa l\u00edfsanda \u00ed nasir skepnunni \u00e1 n\u00fd og koma \u00e1 hana b\u00f6ndum. Aldarfj\u00f3r\u00f0ungurinn eftir seinna str\u00ed\u00f0 reyndist vera gull\u00f6ld hins s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3krat\u00edska velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkis<\/i>. \u00c1rangur \u00feess er \u00f3umdeilanlegur. \u00deetta var t\u00edmabil \u00f6flugs hagvaxtar (miklu meiri en \u00e1 s.l. 3 \u00e1ratugum n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar); \u00dea\u00f0 einkenndist af vaxandi j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0anna (\u00f6fugt vi\u00f0 hra\u00f0vaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00edmabili n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar). \u00deetta var framfarat\u00edmabil, sem var laust vi\u00f0 kreppur (\u00f3l\u00edkt t\u00edmabili n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar).<\/p>\n
\u00c1rangurinn bygg\u00f0ist ekki s\u00edst \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfum forsendum n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar um alr\u00e6\u00f0i marka\u00f0a og b\u00f6l r\u00edkisafskipta, var hafna\u00f0. \u00deess \u00ed sta\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenndu menn mikilv\u00e6gt hlutverk l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds til a\u00f0 setja m\u00f6rku\u00f0um sk\u00fdrar leikreglur; og til a\u00f0 fyrirbyggja e\u00f0lisl\u00e6gar tilhneigingar \u00f3beisla\u00f0s marka\u00f0skerfis til \u00f3vi\u00f0undandi misskiptingar au\u00f0s og tekna.<\/p>\n
Gjald\u00ferot Lehman\u00b4s Brothers \u00ed september 2008 t\u00e1knar endalok \u00feessarar endurteknu n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggju-tilraunar. Enn \u00e1 n\u00fd enda\u00f0i \u00feessi tilraun me\u00f0 \u00f3beisla\u00f0an kap\u00edtalisma \u00ed Hruni. \u00dea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 t\u00f3k var st\u00e6rsti bj\u00f6rgunarlei\u00f0angur r\u00edkisins<\/i> \u00ed s\u00f6gunni til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a okkur fr\u00e1 n\u00fdrri heimskreppu. \u00deessi reynsla hefur afhj\u00fapa\u00f0 n\u00fd-frj\u00e1lshyggjuna endanlega. \u00deetta eru gerviv\u00edsindi \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu hinna ofurr\u00edku. \u00dea\u00f0 er margt l\u00edkt me\u00f0 n\u00fd-frj\u00e1lshyggjum\u00f6nnum og komm\u00fanistum fyrri t\u00ed\u00f0ar. B\u00e1\u00f0ir tr\u00faa \u00e1 \u201eSt\u00f3ra sannleik\u201c<\/i>.<\/p>\n
N\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjan er \u00ed reynd \u00ed fullkominni andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 frelsishugsj\u00f3nina. Au\u00f0vald hinna f\u00e1u \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir helsi hinna m\u00f6rgu<\/i>. Og a\u00f0 svo miklu leyti, sem \u00feetta er hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu hinna ofurr\u00edku og hafnar hlutverki l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds, er kenningin andl\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isleg. H\u00fan \u00e1 f\u00e1tt sameiginlegt me\u00f0 frj\u00e1lslyndisstefnu (liberalism) 19du aldar, sem studdi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegar umb\u00f3tahreyfingar fyrir atbeina l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds, \u00ed nafni mann\u00fa\u00f0artefnu.<\/p>\nSj\u00fakt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi \u2013 undirr\u00f3t \u00f3jafna\u00f0ar.<\/h3>\n
Au\u00f0s\u00f6fnun \u00ed h\u00f6ndum f\u00e1rra fylgir gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegt p\u00f3lit\u00edskt vald. \u00deetta forr\u00e9ttindavald hinna f\u00e1u er \u00feegar or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f3gnun vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i>. Hinir ofurr\u00edku \u00f6\u00f0last vald til a\u00f0 breyta helstu leikreglum samf\u00e9lagsins s\u00e9r \u00ed hag. L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 f\u00f3rnarlamb au\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is. Marka\u00f0ir l\u00fata ekki neinum n\u00e1tt\u00farul\u00f6gm\u00e1lum. Marka\u00f0ir eru ger\u00f0ir af manna h\u00f6ndum. \u00deeir geta veri\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ir til s\u00edns br\u00faks, ef \u00feeir l\u00fata l\u00f6gum og reglum \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu almannahagsmuna. \u00dea\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0st allt af p\u00f3lit\u00edk. Ef \u00feessar reglur eru hanna\u00f0ar \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu hinna ofurr\u00edku, eins og t.d. er \u00feegar or\u00f0inn hlutur \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum (og um of innan Evr\u00f3pusambandsins), er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki einungis \u00f3gnun vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0<\/b>, heldur l\u00edka grundvallarreglur r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkisins<\/b>. Vi\u00f0 erum ekki lengur j\u00f6fn fyrir l\u00f6gunum. T\u00f6kum nokkur d\u00e6mi:<\/p>\n
Sj\u00fakt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi: <\/b> \u00c1 t\u00edmabili frj\u00e1lshyggjunnar upp \u00far 1980 hefur fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi\u00f0 vaxi\u00f0 raunhagkerfinu gersamlega yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0. S\u00edvaxandi hluti hagna\u00f0ar hinna ofurr\u00edku \u00e1 uppruna sinn \u00ed kauphallar- og fasteignabraski, sem hvort tveggja stj\u00f3rnast af skammt\u00edma gr\u00f3\u00f0avon<\/i>, fremur en af langt\u00edma fj\u00e1rfestingum \u00ed framlei\u00f0sluferlum, sem skapa atvinnu. \u00d6rf\u00e1ir al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legir risabankar eru marka\u00f0sr\u00e1\u00f0andi, svo st\u00f3rir, a\u00f0 \u00feeir teljast geta dregi\u00f0 hagkerfi heimsins me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00ed fallinu, ef \u00e1 reynir.<\/p>\n
Eldvarnarveggurinn<\/b> milli venjulegra vi\u00f0skiptabanka, sem \u00fej\u00f3na atvinnul\u00edfi og samf\u00e9lagi, og \u00e1h\u00e6ttus\u00e6kinna \u201eskuggabanka\u201c, sem hafa fitna\u00f0 eins og p\u00faki \u00e1 fj\u00f3sbita, var reistur a\u00f0 fenginni reynslu \u00ed Kreppunni miklu, \u00feegar \u00fe\u00fasundir banka hrundu. \u00deessi varnarveggur var rifinn ni\u00f0ur fyrir seinustu aldam\u00f3t. \u00dear me\u00f0 var\u00f0 fjandinn laus. Innist\u00e6\u00f0utryggingar<\/i> me\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningi r\u00edkisins, sem eru nau\u00f0synlegar til a\u00f0 tryggja venjulegan sparna\u00f0, voru l\u00e1tnar n\u00e1 yfir gl\u00e6fralega \u00e1h\u00e6ttusamt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1labrask.<\/p>\n
\u00dear me\u00f0 er si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg bj\u00f6gun<\/i> (\u201emoral hazard\u201c), a\u00f0 taka blinda \u00e1h\u00e6ttu me\u00f0 annarra f\u00e9, \u00ed von um ofsagr\u00f3\u00f0a \u2013 en \u00ed trausti \u00feess, a\u00f0 a\u00f0rir beri ska\u00f0ann, ef illa fer, or\u00f0in kerfisl\u00e6g<\/i>. \u00deetta er \u00f6rhvikt \u00e1h\u00e6ttufj\u00e1rmagn, sem leitar um allan hn\u00f6ttinn a\u00f0 skammt\u00edmagr\u00f3\u00f0a, en f\u00e6list og fl\u00fdr vi\u00f0 fyrstu vi\u00f0v\u00f6runarmerki um vandr\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00deegar \u00fea\u00f0 fl\u00fdr, skilur \u00fea\u00f0 eftir sig svi\u00f0na j\u00f6r\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Aflei\u00f0ingarnar l\u00fdsa s\u00e9r \u00ed hrundum gjaldmi\u00f0lum, gjald\u00ferotum banka og ofurskuldsettum r\u00edkjum<\/i>. A\u00f0eins \u00edhlutun r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rna, se\u00f0labanka og al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnana, hafa hva\u00f0 eftir anna\u00f0 komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir hrun fj\u00f6lda r\u00edkja \u00e1 t\u00edmabili n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar. \u00dea\u00f0 er or\u00f0in regla fremur en undantekning, a\u00f0 r\u00edki (skattgrei\u00f0endur) ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 koma fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnunum til bjargar.<\/p>\n
Frelsi \u00e1n \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar: <\/b> Ein af kenningum frj\u00e1lshyggjunnar er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 forstj\u00f3rum fyrirt\u00e6kja beri a\u00f0eins skylda til a\u00f0 h\u00e1marka ver\u00f0 hlutabr\u00e9fa og \u00e1rsfj\u00f3r\u00f0ungslegan hagna\u00f0 hluthafa. Engu skiptir, \u00fe\u00f3tt hlutaf\u00e9 gangi kaupum og s\u00f6lum fr\u00e1 degi til dags og eigendah\u00f3purinn s\u00e9 \u00fear me\u00f0 s\u00edbreytilegur. \u00cd krafti \u00feessarar kenningar eru forstj\u00f3rar sag\u00f0ir \u00feurfa innbygg\u00f0a hvata<\/i> til a\u00f0 h\u00e1marka gr\u00f3\u00f0a. \u00deetta \u00e1 a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ta forstj\u00f3ralaun me\u00f0 kaupaukum, sem or\u00f0in eru m\u00f6rghundru\u00f0f\u00f6ld \u00e1 vi\u00f0 me\u00f0allaun starfsmanna fyrirt\u00e6kjanna. Engu breytir \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feessir s\u00f6mu forstj\u00f3rar keyri fyrir t\u00e6kin \u00ed \u00ferot \u2013 \u00feeir hir\u00f0a samt umbunina. Kostuleg \u201e\u00e1rangursstj\u00f3rnun\u201c \u00fea\u00f0, e\u00f0a hitt \u00fe\u00f3 heldur.
\n\u00dearna er a\u00f0 finna hluta sk\u00fdringarinnar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, hvers vegna tekjur og eignir safnast s\u00edfellt \u00e1 \u00e6 f\u00e6rri hendur, \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og raunlaun standa \u00ed sta\u00f0. \u00deetta sk\u00fdrir l\u00edka, hvers vegna langt\u00edmafj\u00e1rfestingar eru vanr\u00e6ktar; hvers vegna \u00fea\u00f0 dregur \u00far sk\u00f6pun n\u00fdrra starfa, langt\u00edmaatvinnuleysi festir sig \u00ed sessi, starfs\u00f6ryggi laun\u00feega fer \u00feverrandi, og st\u00f6\u00f0ugt er gengi\u00f0 \u00e1 f\u00e9lagsleg r\u00e9ttindi \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n
\u00cd \u00feessari gr\u00f3\u00f0amyndunarmask\u00ednu eru innbygg\u00f0ir hvatar til a\u00f0 stunda marka\u00f0smisnotkun, innherjavi\u00f0skipti, b\u00f3khaldshagr\u00e6\u00f0ingu og a\u00f0ra fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lagl\u00e6pi. Hin si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega bj\u00f6gun er innbygg\u00f0 \u00ed kerfi\u00f0. Kerfi\u00f0 er f\u00e1rsj\u00fakt.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00cdsland er gott d\u00e6mi um \u00feetta: <\/b> N\u00fd-einkav\u00e6ddir bankar hl\u00f3\u00f0u upp skuldum \u00ed erlendum gjaldmi\u00f0lum, sem n\u00e1mu meira en t\u00edfaldri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slu okkar, \u00e1\u00f0ur en skuldafjalli\u00f0 hrundi. Ranns\u00f3knarnefnd Al\u00feingis komst a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u, a\u00f0 margir af eigendum\/stj\u00f3rnendum bankanna hef\u00f0u gert sig seka um gl\u00e6psamlega heg\u00f0un skv. mott\u00f3inu: \u201eBesta lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 r\u00e6na banka er a\u00f0 eiga banka\u201c. <\/i>Nefndin komst l\u00edka a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u, a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laforystan og eftirlitsstofnanir v\u00e6ru uppv\u00eds a\u00f0 vanr\u00e6kslu og hef\u00f0u brug\u00f0ist skyldum s\u00ednum. Al\u00feingi reyndist \u00f3f\u00e6rt um a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00feessum ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um me\u00f0 \u00e1byrgum h\u00e6tti, hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 heldur a\u00f0 fylgja \u00feeim eftir me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnkerfisumb\u00f3tum. \u00dear me\u00f0 brast trausti\u00f0. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an af frj\u00e1lshyggju\u00e6vint\u00fdrinu \u00ed hverju landinu \u00e1 f\u00e6tur \u00f6\u00f0ru, er v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar s\u00fa sama: \u00d6llu er sn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00e1 haus: Hagna\u00f0urinn er einkav\u00e6ddur, en skuldirnar eru \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0n\u00fdttar<\/i>. Hva\u00f0 segir \u00feetta okkur um jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i frammi fyrir l\u00f6gunum og st\u00f6\u00f0u r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkisins?<\/p>\n
Skattaskj\u00f3lin: <\/b> Frumskylda l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegra stj\u00f3rnvalda er a\u00f0 tryggja jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i allra frammi fyrir l\u00f6gunum. Hvernig m\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vera, a\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegar r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir, fulltr\u00faar almannavaldsins, l\u00e1ta bj\u00f3\u00f0a s\u00e9r, a\u00f0 eigendur fj\u00e1rmagnsins, hinir ofurr\u00edku (\u00feetta eina pr\u00f3sent, sem \u00e1 e\u00f0a r\u00e6\u00f0ur meirihluta jar\u00f0neskra g\u00e6\u00f0a), taki l\u00f6gin \u00ed eigin hendur og undanskilji tekjur s\u00ednar og eignir fr\u00e1 skattlagningu \u00ed almanna\u00fe\u00e1gu?<\/p>\n
S\u00edvaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur: <\/b> \u00deetta f\u00e1rsj\u00faka og stj\u00f3rnlausa fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi, sem hefur \u00feanist \u00fat \u00e1 t\u00edmabili n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar, hefur leitt af s\u00e9r s\u00edvaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 au\u00f0s og tekna. \u00deessi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur er n\u00fa or\u00f0inn meiri en hann var, \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00e1hrifa velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkis jafna\u00f0armanna f\u00f3r a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta eftir seinna str\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Eitt pr\u00f3sent hinna ofurr\u00edku eiga n\u00fa meiri en au\u00f0 en 99% mannkyns. \u00cd Bandar\u00edkjunum \u00e1 1\/t\u00edundi af einu pr\u00f3senti jafnmikinn au\u00f0 og 90% Bandar\u00edkjamanna til samans. Meira en helmingur allra fj\u00e1rmagnstekna (ar\u00f0ur, vextir, leiga, o.s.fr.) rennur til innan vi\u00f0 1% mannkyns. 58% n\u00fdrra tekna eftir hrun \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum renna til 1% hinna ofurr\u00edku. <\/i><\/p>\n
Hlutur launa \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0artekjum heimsins \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 ar\u00f0 af f\u00e1rmagni hefur l\u00e6kka\u00f0 svo nemur risav\u00f6xnum upph\u00e6\u00f0um. Ein sk\u00fdringin er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin er v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar \u00e1 undanhaldi. \u00deessar \u00fer\u00f3unartilhneigingar eru innbyr\u00f0is tengdar. S\u00f3knin eftir skammt\u00edmagr\u00f3\u00f0a gegnum kauphallar- e\u00f0a fasteignabrask \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir minni langt\u00edmafj\u00e1rfestingu \u00ed innvi\u00f0um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins og \u00ed raunhagkerfinu og \u00fe.a.l. vel borgandi st\u00f6rf og meira atvinnuleysi. Gefum Bernie Sanders<\/b> or\u00f0i\u00f0:<\/p>\n
\u201eThe global economy is not working for the majority of the people in our country and the world. This is an economic model developed by the economic elite to benefit the economic elite. We need real change.\u201c<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 sem greinir nor\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum, t\u00f3k \u00e1 sig mynd \u00ed hinum har\u00f0v\u00edtugu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags\u00e1t\u00f6kum \u00ed heimskreppunni \u00e1 millistr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1runum \u00e1 seinustu \u00f6ld. \u00cd Vestri blasti vi\u00f0 kerfisbrestur hins \u00f3beisla\u00f0a kapitalisma \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum, sem gat af s\u00e9r heimskreppuna. \u00cd Austri fylgdumst vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 tilrauninni me\u00f0 Sov\u00e9t-komm\u00fanismann (afn\u00e1m einkaeignar\u00e9ttar og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0n\u00fdting \u00e1 framlei\u00f0slut\u00e6kjunum). Mi\u00f0st\u00fdr\u00f0ur \u00e1\u00e6tlunarb\u00faskapur, sem umhverf\u00f0ist p\u00f3lit\u00edskt \u00ed l\u00f6greglur\u00edki, \u00fear sem l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkinu var rutt \u00far vegi. Tilraunin enda\u00f0i \u00ed g\u00falagi Stal\u00edns<\/b>.<\/p>\n
Norr\u00e6nar s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3kratar h\u00f6fnu\u00f0u b\u00e1\u00f0um \u00feessum kostum. \u00deeir f\u00f3ru \u201e\u00feri\u00f0ju lei\u00f0ina<\/b>\u201c. Vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenndum nytsemi samkeppni \u00e1 marka\u00f0i, \u00fear sem h\u00fan \u00e1tti vi\u00f0, fyrir hagkv\u00e6ma n\u00fdtingu framlei\u00f0slu\u00fe\u00e1tta og au\u00f0sk\u00f6pun. En vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g\u00f0um marka\u00f0inn undir stj\u00f3rn og eftirlit r\u00edkisins, til \u00feess a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir marka\u00f0sbrest (einokun, f\u00e1keppni og sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun au\u00f0s), til a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta almannahagsmuna. \u00deegar kom a\u00f0 menntun, heilsug\u00e6slu og grunn\u00fej\u00f3nustu (orka, vatn, almanna\u00fej\u00f3nusta o.s.fr.), h\u00f6fnu\u00f0um vi\u00f0 gr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i einkareksturs og bu\u00f0um \u00ed sta\u00f0inn upp \u00e1 almanna\u00fej\u00f3nustu \u00e1 forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkis og sveitarf\u00e9laga. Vi\u00f0 n\u00fdttum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega fengi\u00f0 vald r\u00edkisins sem t\u00e6ki til a\u00f0 halda s\u00e9rhagsmunum \u00ed skefjum og til a\u00f0 tryggja meiri j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 \u00ed eigna- og tekjuskiptingu en marka\u00f0urinn hef\u00f0i ella leitt til.<\/p>\n
\u00cd \u00f3beislu\u00f0u marka\u00f0askerfi er vald eigenda framlei\u00f0slut\u00e6kja og fj\u00e1rmagns gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegt. Atvinnurekendavaldinu fylgir miki\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edskt vald. Fj\u00e1rmagnseigendur eru bakhjarlar h\u00e6gri flokka, sem \u00feeir gera \u00fat til a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta hagsmuna sinna. Ef \u00feeir n\u00e1 hinu p\u00f3lit\u00edska valdi undir sig l\u00edka<\/i>, b\u00fd\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 h\u00e6ttunni heim \u00e1 forr\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00e9rhagsmuna (\u201ecrony capitalism\u201c). \u00dea\u00f0 sem einkennir nor\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 h\u00e6gri flokkar (hagsmunag\u00e6slua\u00f0ilar s\u00e9rhagsmuna) hafa lengst af veri\u00f0 \u00fear \u00ed minnihluta; og a\u00f0 hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar \u2013 jafna\u00f0armannaflokkarnir \u2013 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed meirihluta \u00e1ratugum saman.<\/p>\n
Almannahagsmunir hafa \u00fevi veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0andi. \u00deetta hefur hvergi gerst annars sta\u00f0ar. \u00de\u00f3tt bandalag h\u00e6gri flokka hafi einstaka sinnum komist til valda, hafa \u00feeir ekki noti\u00f0 stu\u00f0nings vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 limlesta velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0. Jafna\u00f0arstefnan – s\u00f3s\u00edal-dem\u00f3krat\u00ed \u2013 hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0andi hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00feessum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6gum. <\/i> \u00deetta \u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 ekki vi\u00f0 um \u00cdsland, eins og \u00der\u00f6stur \u00d3lafsson<\/b> ger\u00f0i r\u00e6kilega grein fyrir \u00ed s\u00ednu fr\u00e1b\u00e6ra erindi.<\/p>\n
T\u00e6kin sem vi\u00f0 notum eru n\u00faor\u00f0i\u00f0 kunnugleg: Almannatryggingar (sj\u00fakra-, slysa-, \u00f6rorku-, elli-, og atvinnuleysistryggingar), frj\u00e1ls a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 h\u00e1g\u00e6\u00f0a heilsug\u00e6slu og menntakerfi, sem greitt er fyrir me\u00f0 stigh\u00e6kkandi sk\u00f6ttum; virk vinnumarka\u00f0sstefna til a\u00f0 uppr\u00e6ta atvinnuleysi; a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegum kj\u00f6rum fyrir alla. Mikil \u00e1hersla er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 jafnr\u00e9tti kynja og stu\u00f0ning vi\u00f0 barnafj\u00f6lskyldur. \u00d6ll eru \u00feessi r\u00e9ttindi flokku\u00f0 sem mannr\u00e9ttindi \u2013 en ekki \u00f6lmusur<\/b> handa \u00feurfalingum.<\/p>\n
Aflei\u00f0ingin er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag, \u00fear sem j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur \u00ed eigna- og tekjuskiptingu er meiri en annars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 bygg\u00f0u b\u00f3li. Frelsi einstaklingsins<\/b> n\u00fdtur virks stu\u00f0nings \u00ed reynd. F\u00e9lagslegur hreyfanleiki \u2013 getan til a\u00f0 vinna sig fr\u00e1 f\u00e1t\u00e6kt til bjarg\u00e1lna \u2013 er meiri en annars sta\u00f0ar. Bandar\u00edkin voru einu sinni k\u00f6llu\u00f0 land t\u00e6kif\u00e6ranna. Ekki lengur. \u00dear r\u00edkir n\u00fa har\u00f0sv\u00edra\u00f0ri st\u00e9ttaskipting en jafnvel \u00ed g\u00f6mlu Evr\u00f3pu. Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 er \u00e1 okkar d\u00f6gum \u00ed fremstu r\u00f6\u00f0 sem land t\u00e6kif\u00e6ranna.<\/p>\n
Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 er eina \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsm\u00f3deli\u00f0, sem m\u00f3ta\u00f0 var \u00e1 \u00f6ldinni sem lei\u00f0, sem sta\u00f0ist hefur d\u00f3m reynslunnar \u00e1 t\u00edmum hnattv\u00e6ddrar samkeppni \u00e1 21stu \u00f6ldinni. Komm\u00fanisminn er husla\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00f6skuhaugum s\u00f6gunnar. \u00d3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi skv. forskrift n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lfshyggjunnar, hrekst \u00far einni kreppunni \u00ed a\u00f0ra, en t\u00f3rir enn \u00ed gj\u00f6rg\u00e6slu r\u00edkisins. <\/i><\/p>\n
Eins og fyrr var sagt, byrja\u00f0i n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjan sem uppreisn gegn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu. Samkv\u00e6mt kenningum n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar \u00e1 velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0, me\u00f0 s\u00ednum h\u00e1u sk\u00f6ttum og \u00f6fluga r\u00edkisvaldi, a\u00f0 vera \u00f3samkeppnish\u00e6ft. \u00dea\u00f0 d\u00e6mist \u00fev\u00ed til a\u00f0 dragast aftur \u00far \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri samkeppni vegna h\u00e1rra skatta og lamandi \u00edhlutunar r\u00edkisvaldsins, sem spillir hagkv\u00e6mni marka\u00f0slausna. Kerfi\u00f0 er sagt ey\u00f0a \u00f6llum hv\u00f6tum til sj\u00e1lfsbjargarvi\u00f0leitni. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn fyrir hugarfar frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ulsins ver\u00f0i hugarfar \u00feiggjandans allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi. \u00dea\u00f0 vanti allan sk\u00f6punarkraft \u2013 \u201ed\u00ednamik\u201c \u2013 \u00ed kerfi\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 enda \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0nun. Og a\u00f0 m\u00f6ppud\u00fdr kerfisins muni a\u00f0 lokum k\u00e6fa frelsi einstaklingsins og enda \u00ed alr\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edki (Hayek<\/b>: The Road to Serfdom<\/i>).<\/p>\n
Gallinn vi\u00f0 \u00feessa d\u00f3madagssp\u00e1, a\u00f0 s\u00e1, a\u00f0 reynslan hefur einfaldlega afsanna\u00f0 hana. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert h\u00e6ft \u00ed \u00feessu. Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin eru ekki lengur til. \u00d3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi hrekst \u00far einni tilvistarkreppunni \u00ed a\u00f0ra. En norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 hefur sta\u00f0ist d\u00f3m reynslunnar betur en b\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00feessir tr\u00fabo\u00f0ar St\u00f3ra sannleiks. Sta\u00f0reyndirnar tala s\u00ednu m\u00e1li. \u00d3teljandi sk\u00fdrslur um frammist\u00f6\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja \u00ed har\u00f0ri samkeppni \u00e1 \u00f6ld al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0av\u00e6\u00f0ingar tala s\u00ednu m\u00e1li. \u00dea\u00f0 er sama hva\u00f0a m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a vi\u00f0 notum: Norr\u00e6nu r\u00edkin eru \u00f3brig\u00f0ult \u00ed fremstu r\u00f6\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta \u00e1 ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 um hagr\u00e6na m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a en a\u00f0ra: Hagv\u00f6xt, framlei\u00f0ni pr vinnustund, ranns\u00f3knir og \u00fer\u00f3un, t\u00e6knin\u00fdjungar og \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu \u00feeirra, sk\u00f6pun starfa, \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i (s\u00e9rstaklega \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku kvenna), jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i kynjanna, menntunarstig og starfs\u00fej\u00e1lfun, f\u00e9lagslegan hreyfanleika, heilbrig\u00f0i og langl\u00edfi, g\u00e6\u00f0i innvi\u00f0a, \u00fatr\u00fdmingu f\u00e1t\u00e6ktar, a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 \u00f3spilltri n\u00e1tt\u00faru, almenn l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0i. Og miklu minni \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 en v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar annars sta\u00f0ar. R\u00f3tgr\u00f3i\u00f0 og vakandi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i. Hvar er fyrirhafnarminnst a\u00f0 stofna fyrirt\u00e6ki? \u00cd Bandar\u00edkjunum? Nei, \u00feau eru nr. 38 \u00e1 \u00feeim lista. Danm\u00f6rk er nr. eitt! Hva\u00f0 viltu meir? <\/i><\/p>\nKratar \u00ed kreppu: F\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb eigin \u00e1rangurs?<\/h3>\n
Hvernig m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 vera, \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feessa \u00e1rangurs, a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0armannaflokkarnir \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu \u2013 m.a.s. l\u00edka \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum \u2013 eiga v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar \u00ed v\u00f6k a\u00f0 verjast? Er \u00fea\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 velmegun velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkisins \u201edregur e\u00f0lilega \u00far l\u00f6ngun okkar til a\u00f0 hugsa til breytinga \u00e1 samf\u00e9laginu\u201c, eins og \u00der\u00f6stur \u00d3lafsson sag\u00f0i \u00ed s\u00ednu erindi. Hann taldi \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdra, a\u00f0 \u201ep\u00f3lit\u00edsk t\u00f3mhyggja\u201c <\/i> r\u00e9\u00f0i r\u00edkjum. \u201eVi\u00f0 erum… h\u00e6tt a\u00f0 tr\u00faa \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 til s\u00e9 hagskipan, sem virki betur en kap\u00edtalismi, brag\u00f0b\u00e6ttur me\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggju<\/i>\u201c, sag\u00f0i \u00der\u00f6stur.<\/p>\n
\u00dearna er \u00e9g \u00f3samm\u00e1la \u00deresti. Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 er svar okkar vi\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunni \u2013 og \u00fea\u00f0 sv\u00ednvirkar. Hitt er n\u00e6r lagi, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00e9um f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb eigin \u00e1rangurs<\/i> \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi, a\u00f0 ef st\u00e9ttarr\u00edki\u00f0 sem sl\u00edkt tilheyrir n\u00fa li\u00f0inni t\u00ed\u00f0, ekki s\u00edst fyrir okkar atbeina, \u201ehva\u00f0a meining er \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 berjast fyrir samf\u00e9lagi \u00e1n st\u00e9ttamismunar?\u201c <\/i>, eins \u00der\u00f6stur spyr. Svo er vofa komm\u00fanismans ekki lengur ofar moldu til a br\u00fdna okkur kratana til d\u00e1\u00f0a. M\u00e1 ekki \u00ed vissum skilningi segja, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum \u00fear me\u00f0 \u201emisst gl\u00e6pinn\u201c?<\/p>\n
En \u00e6tli \u00der\u00f6stur hafi ekki hitt naglann \u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0i\u00f0, \u00feegar hann tala\u00f0i um mannr\u00e9ttindahreyfinguna \u00ed hundra\u00f0 \u00e1r, sem hefur n\u00fa t\u00fdnt draumnum \u2013 \u00fat\u00f3p\u00edunni <\/i>\u2013 hugsj\u00f3ninni um framt\u00ed\u00f0arlandi\u00f0, sem \u00e1 a\u00f0 leysa af h\u00f3lmi \u00f3breytt \u00e1stand og hvetja f\u00f3lk til bar\u00e1ttu fyrir b\u00e6ttum heimi \u2013 breyttu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi? \u00deetta er n\u00fa einu sinni hreyfing, sem eitt sinn \u201e haf\u00f0i framt\u00ed\u00f0ina a\u00f0 l\u00e9ni og m\u00f3ta\u00f0i samt\u00edma sinn \u00ed spegilmynd hennar\u201c, eins og \u00der\u00f6stur sag\u00f0i me\u00f0 svo sk\u00e1ldlegum til\u00ferifum.<\/p>\n
H\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 virkilega t\u00fdnt erindisbr\u00e9finu? \u00de\u00f6stur segir: \u201eH\u00e9r ver\u00f0ur \u201emisskipting, hvort heldur sem er t\u00e6kif\u00e6ra, au\u00f0s e\u00f0a tekna, s\u00edfellt auglj\u00f3sari, al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega sem og h\u00e9rlendis. H\u00e9r eflast eignast\u00e9ttir og l\u00e1ta \u00e6 meira til s\u00edn taka, me\u00f0an f\u00e1t\u00e6kt er aftur or\u00f0in sm\u00e1narblettur \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Me\u00f0 aukinni misskiptingu r\u00fdrnar einnig l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0. Enginn jafna\u00f0armannaflokkur hefur komi\u00f0 me\u00f0 markt\u00e6kt andsvar vi\u00f0 \u00feessu. \u00dev\u00ed skrikar \u00feeim f\u00f3tum. Tiltr\u00fain sveipast \u00feoku\u201c. <\/i><\/p>\n
F\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb eigin \u00e1rangurs? E\u00f0a h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 gleymt uppruna okkar? Fj\u00f6ldinn allur af afkomendum verkaf\u00f3lks, sem verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin og flokkar jafna\u00f0armanna ruddu brautina fyrir, hafa klifi\u00f0 menntaveginn og tilheyra n\u00fa millist\u00e9tt. Eigi\u00f0 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i, einstaklingsbundnir starfssamningar, fj\u00f6lgun s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga af \u00f6llu tagi \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustugeirum samf\u00e9lagsins \u2013 allt \u00fdtir \u00feetta undir einhvers konar einstaklingshyggju<\/i>. \u00dea\u00f0 dregur \u00far st\u00e9ttarvitund og f\u00e9lagslegri samst\u00f6\u00f0u. \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert til, sem heitir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag \u2013 bara einstaklingar\u201c<\/i>, sag\u00f0i j\u00e1rnfr\u00fain Maggie Thatcher<\/b>.<\/p>\n
Einhvern t\u00edma var sagt: \u201eFor\u00f0a\u00f0u m\u00e9r fr\u00e1 vinum m\u00ednum \u2013 sj\u00e1lfur get \u00e9g s\u00e9\u00f0 um \u00f3vini m\u00edna\u201c. Hafa ekki dem\u00f3kratar \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum vingast um of vi\u00f0 au\u00f0j\u00f6frana \u00e1 Wall Street<\/b>? \u00dea\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0ir Bernie Sanders. Hafa ekki Blairistarnir vingast um of vi\u00f0 braskarana \u00ed The City of London<\/b>? \u00dea\u00f0 segja \u00feeir, sem t\u00f3ku vi\u00f0 verkamannaflokknum af \u00feeim. H\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 kannski brug\u00f0ist \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 sj\u00e1lfir vi\u00f0 \u00f3vinum okkar?<\/p>\n
Frj\u00e1lshyggjutr\u00fabo\u00f0i\u00f0 byrja\u00f0i eins og vi\u00f0 vitum sem uppreisn gegn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu. Velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0 er holdgerving okkar eigin hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i. P\u00f3lit\u00edskt erindisbr\u00e9f okkar hlj\u00f3\u00f0ar upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 verja hagsmuni vinnandi f\u00f3lks gegn fj\u00e1rmagnseigendum; a\u00f0 verja almannahagsmuni gegn r\u00f3tgr\u00f3num s\u00e9rhagsmunum; a\u00f0 verja mannr\u00e9ttindi verkaf\u00f3lks gegn r\u00e1\u00f0ningarvaldi atvinnurekenda. Okkar verkefni er a\u00f0 beita l\u00f6gm\u00e6tu valdi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds gegn sj\u00e1lfteknu valdi au\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isins. \u00deetta er okkar hlutverk. Um \u00feetta sn\u00fdst okkar p\u00f3lit\u00edska erindisbr\u00e9f.<\/p>\n
Sj\u00e1lft norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 \u00e1 r\u00e6tur a\u00f0 rekja til \u00feess, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 brug\u00f0umst vi\u00f0 kerfisbresti hins \u00f3hefta kap\u00edtalisma me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 skepnuna; me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beisla gr\u00e6\u00f0gi spilav\u00edtiskapitalisma, sem l\u00e9t ekki lengur a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rn. N\u00fa hefur n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjan skori\u00f0 \u00e1 b\u00f6ndin og hleypt gr\u00e6\u00f0gisskepnunni \u00e1 varnarlausan almenning enn \u00e1 n\u00fd. Og vi\u00f0 l\u00e9tum \u00feetta l\u00ed\u00f0ast. Sv\u00e1fum \u00e1 ver\u00f0inum. Sj\u00e1lfir f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb eigin \u00e1rangurs?<\/p>\n
\u00cd kap\u00edtal\u00edsku marka\u00f0shagkerfi hefur veri\u00f0 \u00f3skr\u00e1\u00f0ur en vi\u00f0urkenndur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagss\u00e1ttm\u00e1li<\/i>, sem ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 halda \u00ed hei\u00f0ri, ef vi\u00f0 eigum a\u00f0 gera okkur vonir um a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda f\u00e9lagslegri samheldni og trausti almennings \u00e1 stofnunum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins. Ein grundvallarreglan er \u00feessi: \u00de\u00fa ert frj\u00e1ls a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 keppa eftir h\u00e1marksar\u00f0i og uppskera r\u00edkulegan \u00e1vinning, svo lengi sem \u00fe\u00fa tekur \u00e1h\u00e6ttu me\u00f0 eigi\u00f0 f\u00e9 og spilar samkv\u00e6mt settum leikreglum. Svo lengi sem \u00fe\u00fa sam\u00feykkir, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa berir tapi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfur, ef illa fer. Hagna\u00f0ur og tap eru tv\u00e6r hli\u00f0ar \u00e1 s\u00f6mu mynt. Og svo lengi sem \u00fe\u00fa grei\u00f0ir skatta og skyldur til samf\u00e9lagsins, sem ger\u00f0i \u00feig r\u00edkan<\/i>. Lj\u00e1um eyra Warren Buffet<\/b>, sem er einn af r\u00edkustu m\u00f6nnum heims, og sag\u00f0i um st\u00f6\u00f0u s\u00edna sem margmilljar\u00f0am\u00e6rings: \u201eHva\u00f0 \u00e6tli hef\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00far m\u00e9r, hef\u00f0i \u00e9g veri\u00f0 f\u00e6ddur \u00ed Bangladesh?\u201c <\/i><\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00e1 grundvelli \u00feessa \u00f3skr\u00e1\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagss\u00e1ttm\u00e1la, sem flestir sam\u00feykkja \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 upp a\u00f0 vissu marki, sem r\u00e9ttm\u00e6ta umbun fyrir frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i, dugna\u00f0, sk\u00f6punarkraft – og vilja til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1h\u00e6ttu. En ef \u00feessum grundvallarreglum er \u00f6llum sn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00e1 haus; ef ofurar\u00f0ur b\u00f3luhagkerfisins er allur einkav\u00e6ddur (og jafnvel skattsvikinn) en tapi\u00f0 \u00ed ni\u00f0ursveiflunni er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0n\u00fdtt \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00feessi \u00f3skr\u00e1\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagss\u00e1ttm\u00e1li \u00fear me\u00f0 rofinn. \u00de\u00e1 erum vi\u00f0 ekki bara a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 aflei\u00f0ingar fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppu. Fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppan er \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 grafa undan bur\u00f0arsto\u00f0um hins kap\u00edtal\u00edska marka\u00f0skerfis sj\u00e1lfs. \u00de\u00e1 erum vi\u00f0 st\u00f6dd \u00ed mi\u00f0ri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagskreppu<\/i>.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar hinir ofurr\u00edku \u2013 \u00feetta svokalla\u00f0a 1% – b\u00edta h\u00f6fu\u00f0i\u00f0 af sk\u00f6mminni me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fela uppsafna\u00f0an au\u00f0 sinn \u00ed svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u skattaparad\u00edsum, til \u00feess a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast a\u00f0 leggja sitt af m\u00f6rkum til samf\u00e9lagsins, \u00fe\u00e1 hafa \u00feeir teki\u00f0 l\u00f6gin \u00ed eigin hendur \u2013 sagt sig \u00far l\u00f6gum vi\u00f0 samf\u00e9lagi\u00f0<\/i>. Hinn skattskyldi hluti einn og s\u00e9r af \u00feeim au\u00f0i, sem falinn hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed skattaskj\u00f3lum, utan vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt, mundi duga til a\u00f0 leysa skuldakreppuna, sem n\u00fa hrj\u00e1ir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin eftir hruni\u00f0 2008.<\/p>\n
L\u00edtill hluti \u00feessara f\u00f6ldu fj\u00e1rsj\u00f3\u00f0a hinna f\u00e1u mundi duga til a\u00f0 endurreisa velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkin, sem sum eru a\u00f0 hruni komin. Veruleikinn er hins vegar s\u00e1, a\u00f0 skattgrei\u00f0endur \u00ed \u00feeim l\u00f6ndum, sem har\u00f0ast hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fati \u00ed fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppunni, eru n\u00fa neyddir til a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a h\u00e6rri skatta og \u00feola harkalegan ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0 \u00e1 samf\u00e9lagslegri \u00fej\u00f3nustu (\u00ed heilbrig\u00f0is- og menntam\u00e1lum) \u2013 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 bjarga fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi hinna ofurr\u00edku. \u00deetta er harkalegasta \u00f3gnin vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt stj\u00f3rnarfar, allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fasistar n\u00e1\u00f0u v\u00f6ldum \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 millistr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1runum.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 var getuleysi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegra r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rna til a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 aflei\u00f0ingar heimskreppunnar milli 1930-40, sem skapa\u00f0i frj\u00f3an jar\u00f0veg fyrir fasismann, sem s\u00ed\u00f0an leiddi af s\u00e9r seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ldina. \u00deekkjum vi\u00f0 ekki sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkennin? Erum vi\u00f0 d\u00e6md til a\u00f0 endurtaka \u00f6ll \u00feessi mist\u00f6k enn og aftur? Hven\u00e6r \u00e6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra af reynslunni? <\/i><\/p>\nEvr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 \u00ed g\u00edslingu n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar<\/h3>\n
Evr\u00f3puhugsj\u00f3nin snerist fr\u00e1 upphafi um a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita fri\u00f0 \u00e1 hinu str\u00ed\u00f0shrj\u00e1\u00f0a meginlandi \u2013 a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir str\u00ed\u00f0. Stofnun og st\u00e6kkun Evr\u00f3pusambandsins er \u00fea\u00f0 besta, sem gerst hefur \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu eftir seinni heimsstyrj\u00f6ld. A\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0in sn\u00fdst um a\u00f0 gera r\u00edki Evr\u00f3pu svo h\u00e1\u00f0 hvert \u00f6\u00f0ru, a\u00f0 freistingin a\u00f0 leysa \u00e1greiningsm\u00e1l milli r\u00edkja me\u00f0 valdi v\u00e6ri \u00f3hugsandi. \u00c1rangurinn er \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ur. Fri\u00f0ur og framfarir \u00ed 70 \u00e1r.<\/p>\n
En fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppan hefur leiki\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 gr\u00e1tt. Kreppan er svo dj\u00fapst\u00e6\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00fdkjulaust m\u00e1 tala um tilvistarkreppu<\/i>. Brexit er \u00e1\u00fereifanleg s\u00f6nnun \u00feess, sem \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00f3tti \u00f3hugsandi: a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 leystist aftur upp \u00ed frumeindir s\u00ednar. Hva\u00f0 er a\u00f0? Seinustu misserin eru b\u00f3kahillurnar farnar a\u00f0 svigna undan b\u00f3kum, sem greina Evr\u00f3pukreppuna, orsakir hennar og aflei\u00f0ingar, og hina efnahagslegu uppdr\u00e1ttars\u00fdki (austerity), sem er bein aflei\u00f0ing hennar. Me\u00f0al \u00feeirra v\u00f6ndu\u00f0ustu er \u00feessi: \u201eThe Euro: How a Common Currency Threatens the Future of Europe<\/b>\u201c, eftir Nobels-ver\u00f0launahagfr\u00e6\u00f0inginn, Joseph Stiglitz<\/b>. Heyrum, hva\u00f0 hann hefur a\u00f0 segja:<\/p>\n
\u201eEvrusamstarfi\u00f0 h\u00f3fst fyrir sautj\u00e1n \u00e1rum undir \u00feeim formerkjum a\u00f0 styrkja samhyg\u00f0 og samstarf me\u00f0al \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a Evr\u00f3pu; tilgangurinn var a\u00f0 yfirst\u00edga landam\u00e6ri og f\u00f3stra samstarfsanda me\u00f0al \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, sem \u00e1\u00f0ur h\u00f6f\u00f0u borist \u00e1 banaspj\u00f3t. Reynslan er \u00fever\u00f6fug \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0, sem \u00e6tla\u00f0 var. <\/i> Evrusamstarfi\u00f0 hefur endurvaki\u00f0 \u00e1rekstra, skapa\u00f0 n\u00fd umkv\u00f6rtunarefni, \u00fdtt undir vantraust og gagnkv\u00e6ma \u00f3vild. Evrusamstarfi\u00f0, \u00ed \u00f3breyttu formi, er hreint \u00fat sagt h\u00f6rmuleg mist\u00f6k. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur kynt undir vaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i og klofi\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pu \u00ed tv\u00e6r fjandsamlegar fylkingar: l\u00e1nadrottna og skuldunauta<\/b>\u201c. Stiglitz kemst a\u00f0 eftirfarandi ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u:<\/p>\n
\u201eFj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi\u00f0 hefur maka\u00f0 kr\u00f3kinn \u00fat \u00e1 l\u00e1nstraust r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rna og ni\u00f0urgrei\u00f0slur skattgrei\u00f0enda, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 gegna \u00feeim samf\u00e9lagslegu skyldum, sem hef\u00f0bundnum b\u00f6nkum er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 sinna. \u00deetta ofvaxna fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi hefur reynst vera ein helsta undirr\u00f3t \u00f3jafna\u00f0ar<\/i> \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu, sem og heiminum \u00f6llum.\u201c<\/p>\n
Meginr\u00f6kin eru \u00feessi: <\/b> Hagkerfi hafa einkum \u00ferenns konar t\u00e6ki til a\u00f0 laga sig a\u00f0 ytri \u00e1f\u00f6llum e\u00f0a innra \u00f3jafnv\u00e6gi: Vaxtastig, gengisskr\u00e1ningu og r\u00edkisfj\u00e1rm\u00e1laa\u00f0ger\u00f0ir: a\u00f0 h\u00e6kka e\u00f0a l\u00e6kka skatta e\u00f0a r\u00edkis\u00fatgj\u00f6ld \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 halda aftur af e\u00f0a \u00f6rva hagv\u00f6xt. Evrusv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur ekkert af \u00feessum \u00f3missandi stillit\u00e6kjum e\u00f0a h\u00f6ggdeyfum \u00e1 s\u00ednu valdi. <\/i>Og \u00fea\u00f0 sem verra er: Evr\u00f3pski se\u00f0labankinn (ECB) hefur ekki einu sinni umbo\u00f0 til a\u00f0 vera l\u00e1nveitandi a\u00f0ildar\u00edkja til \u00ferautavara, ef \u00ed nau\u00f0ir rekur. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki setur Maastricht-s\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjum, sem lenda \u00e1 samdr\u00e1ttarskei\u00f0i, svo har\u00f0a kosti \u00ed r\u00edkisfj\u00e1rm\u00e1lum, a\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir eru sviptar \u00f6llum t\u00e6kjum <\/i>til a\u00f0 reka hagvaxtarp\u00f3lit\u00edk til a\u00f0 draga \u00far atvinnuleysi.\u00deessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir eru l\u00e6star \u00ed spennitreyju<\/i> samdr\u00e1ttar og skulda\u00fej\u00f6kunar.<\/p>\n
\u00cd sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 lagf\u00e6ra auglj\u00f3sa h\u00f6nnunargalla peningam\u00e1lasamstarfsins hafa lei\u00f0togar Evr\u00f3pu gert illt verra me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f6ngva r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnum skuldugu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna til a\u00f0 reka skattah\u00e6kkunar\/ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0ar-pol\u00edt\u00edk, sem lei\u00f0ir til meiri samdr\u00e1ttar og h\u00e6rri skuldabyr\u00f0i. Allt er \u00feetta gert, samkv\u00e6mt Stiglitz, \u00ed nafni \u201el\u00f6ngu \u00fareltrar hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ikreddu<\/i>, sem bo\u00f0ar, a\u00f0 ef r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir einbeiti s\u00e9r a\u00f0 n\u00e1 fram j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i \u00ed r\u00edkisfj\u00e1rm\u00e1lum og l\u00e1gri ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu, megi treysta \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 marka\u00f0irnir skili hagvexti\u201c. Hoover<\/b> reyndi \u00feetta eftir hruni\u00f0 \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum eftir 1929. \u00dea\u00f0 enda\u00f0i \u00ed heimskreppu, sem st\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1ratug. \u00deetta er n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjukredda, sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r enga sto\u00f0 \u00ed veruleikanum.<\/p>\n
Hvort sem vi\u00f0 erum samm\u00e1la greiningu Stiglitz e\u00f0a ekki, tala sta\u00f0reyndirnar s\u00ednu m\u00e1li: \u00c1tta \u00e1rum eftir hrun fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfisins er Evr\u00f3pa enn \u00e1 samdr\u00e1ttarskei\u00f0i<\/i>. Senn er a\u00f0 baki glata\u00f0ur \u00e1ratugur<\/b>. Hagstj\u00f3rnin er v\u00ed\u00f0s fjarri \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa skila\u00f0 til\u00e6tlu\u00f0um \u00e1rangri. \u00devert \u00e1 forsp\u00e1 er hlutfall skulda af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slu miklu h\u00e6rra en fyrir hrun. \u00cd m\u00f6rgum tilfellum eru \u00feessar skuldir \u00f3sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rar. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0sla \u00feeirra landa, sem har\u00f0ast hafa veri\u00f0 leikin, hefur ekki n\u00e1\u00f0 raungildi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slu fyrir kreppu. \u00deegar allt er lagt saman, m\u00e1 meta tapa\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slu \u00e1 200 trillj\u00f3nir evra og t\u00f6pu\u00f0 st\u00f6rf \u00ed tugum millj\u00f3na. <\/i> Langt\u00edmatj\u00f3n \u00feessarar stefnu er \u00f3metanlegt. Atvinnuleysi\u00f0, s\u00e9rstaklega me\u00f0al \u00e6skuf\u00f3lks, er innbyggt \u00ed kerfi\u00f0. \u00deessi s\u00f3lund \u00e1 mannau\u00f0i er \u00f3b\u00e6tanleg.<\/p>\n
\u00d3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0urinn fer hra\u00f0vaxandi. Hinir r\u00edku ver\u00f0a r\u00edkari, og hinir f\u00e1t\u00e6ku f\u00e1t\u00e6kari. \u00dea\u00f0 er s\u00f3tt a\u00f0 millist\u00e9ttinni \u00e1 tvennum v\u00edgst\u00f6\u00f0um. Mi\u00f0jan er vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 halda ekki lengur. Grundvallarreglur hins \u00f3skr\u00e1\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagss\u00e1ttm\u00e1la l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs marka\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lags eru ekki haldnar: Gr\u00f3\u00f0inn er einkav\u00e6ddur, en skuldirnar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0n\u00fdttar. <\/i> \u00cd p\u00f3lit\u00edkinni er dj\u00fap undiralda vonbrig\u00f0a og vantrausts gagnvart p\u00f3lit\u00edskri forystu, sem vir\u00f0ist getu- og \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0alaus til a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 efnahagsleg og f\u00e9lagsleg vandam\u00e1l af \u00feessari st\u00e6r\u00f0argr\u00e1\u00f0u. Brexit er bara vi\u00f0v\u00f6run. Ef ekki ver\u00f0ur gripi\u00f0 til r\u00f3tt\u00e6kra umb\u00f3taa\u00f0ger\u00f0a \u00ed t\u00e6ka t\u00ed\u00f0, getur samheldni Evr\u00f3pusambandsins sj\u00e1lfs \u2013 og ekki s\u00edst peningam\u00e1lasamstarfsins \u2013 veri\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e6ttu.<\/p>\n
Undirr\u00f3t allra \u00feessara vandr\u00e6\u00f0a er sj\u00fakt og \u00f3sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi<\/b>, sem er sj\u00e1lft farvegur fyrir tilf\u00e6rslu au\u00f0s og tekna fr\u00e1 framlei\u00f0slugeirum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins til fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfisins: Fr\u00e1 99% til 1%. Hlutur launa \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slu heimsins hefur minnka\u00f0 um hundru\u00f0 milljar\u00f0a evra \u00e1 \u00e1ri \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum; \u00e1 sama t\u00edma hefur hlutur fj\u00e1rmagnsins aukist samsvarandi.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi \u00fej\u00f3nar hvorki langt\u00edmahagsmunum samf\u00e9lagsins n\u00e9 atvinnul\u00edfsins. Sm\u00e1- og me\u00f0alst\u00f3r fyrirt\u00e6ki skapa 67%<\/b> n\u00fdrra starfa innan Evr\u00f3pusamstarfsins, en f\u00e1 \u00ed sinn hlut bara brotabrot<\/i> af \u00fatl\u00e1num banka. Eftirs\u00f3kn fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnana eftir skammt\u00edmagr\u00f3\u00f0a beinir l\u00e1nsfj\u00e1rmagninu fyrst og fremst a\u00f0 kauphallarbraski og fasteignavi\u00f0skiptum, sem h\u00e6kkar nafnver\u00f0 \u00feeirra eigna, sem fyrir eru \u2013 og b\u00faa til fasteigna- og skuldab\u00f3lur \u00ed lei\u00f0inni.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er vegna \u00feessa sem \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0urinn fer svo vaxandi. \u00dea\u00f0 er vegna \u00feessa sem atvinnulaeysi\u00f0 l\u00e6tur ekki undan s\u00edga. \u00dea\u00f0 er vegna \u00feessa sem f\u00e1t\u00e6ktin mitt \u00ed allsn\u00e6gtunum fer vaxandi. \u00dea\u00f0 er vegna \u00feessa sem f\u00e9lagsleg samheldni fer \u00feverrandi, en rei\u00f0i og vantraust f\u00f3rnarlamba kerfisins fer vaxandi. Svo lengi sem lei\u00f0togar Evr\u00f3pu bj\u00f3\u00f0a ekki fram neinar sannf\u00e6randi lausnir, munu tilfinningar me\u00f0al almennings, sem l\u00fdsa vonbrig\u00f0um, rei\u00f0i og vantrausti, fara vaxandi. Sj\u00e1lft l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00ed ums\u00e1tri fj\u00e1rm\u00e1laelitunnar. <\/i><\/p>\n
Haldi menn, a\u00f0 \u00feessi greining l\u00fdsi h\u00e6ttulega r\u00f3tt\u00e6kum hugmyndum, \u00e6ttu menn a\u00f0 hlusta \u00e1, hva\u00f0 Merwin King<\/b>, fyrrverandi se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ri Englandsbanka, haf\u00f0i a\u00f0 segja um efni\u00f0 \u00ed yfirheyrslum frammi fyrir \u00feingnefnd \u00ed The House of Commons. Hann sag\u00f0i: \u201eOf all the the potential ways of organizing an effective financial system to serve our society the one we have is the worst imaginable\u201c <\/i> \u2013 Hann \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vita \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Vonandi hef \u00e9g sagt n\u00f3g til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 nau\u00f0syn r\u00f3tt\u00e6kra umb\u00f3ta<\/i>. \u00dea\u00f0 dugar ekki lengur a\u00f0 hjakka \u00e1fram \u00ed sama farinu me\u00f0 vi\u00f0brag\u00f0ap\u00f3lit\u00edk \u2013 of l\u00edti\u00f0 og of seint. Sem betur fer skortir ekki vanda\u00f0a greiningu og vel r\u00f6kstuddar till\u00f6gur um umb\u00e6tur. Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 er a\u00f0 endurskipuleggja fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi\u00f0 fyrir 21stu \u00f6ldina, sem \u00fej\u00f3nar samf\u00e9lagi og atvinnul\u00edfi fremur en fyrst og fremst s\u00e9rhagsmunum fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lael\u00edtunnar.<\/p>\n
\u00c1n r\u00f3tt\u00e6kra umb\u00f3ta mun Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 reynast \u00f3f\u00e6rt um a\u00f0 gegna j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0u hlutverki \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0akerfinu, sem markast m.a. af upprisu K\u00edna, hnignun Bandar\u00edkjanna, hefndarp\u00f3lit\u00edk R\u00fasslands, tr\u00faarbrag\u00f0a- og borgarastyrj\u00f6ldum Mi\u00f0-Austurlanda, st\u00f6\u00f0nun k\u00fagunarkerfis Arabaheimsins og vaxandi hry\u00f0juverkah\u00e6ttu. Evr\u00f3pa mun \u00fe\u00e1 ekki heldur standa a\u00f0 skynsamlegum lausnum \u00e1 fl\u00f3ttamannavandanum \u2013 sem mun fara vaxandi \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum \u2013 undir formerkjum mann\u00fa\u00f0arstefnu.<\/p>\n
\u00c9g l\u00fdk \u00feessu spjalli me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 minna \u00e1 \u00ferj\u00fa meginverkefni, sem kalla eftir lausnum \u00ed samt\u00ed\u00f0 og n\u00e1inni framt\u00ed\u00f0:<\/p>\n
Fyrsta verkefni<\/i> er a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 sj\u00fakt og stj\u00f3rnlaust fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi; og a\u00f0 koma \u00fev\u00ed aftur undir stj\u00f3rn og eftirlit l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds. \u00c9g hef sett fram fimmt\u00e1n till\u00f6gur um r\u00f3tt\u00e6kar umb\u00e6tur \u00e1 fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfinu \u00e1 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum minnisbl\u00f6\u00f0um, sem fylgja \u00feessu erindi \u2013 en hl\u00edfi ykkur vi\u00f0 upptalningunni, nema eftir ver\u00f0i leita\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Anna\u00f0 verkefni <\/i>kallar \u00e1 langt\u00edma opinberar fj\u00e1rfestingar \u00ed hreinni og endurn\u00fdjanlegri orku, sem komi \u00ed sta\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneytis sem drifkraftur hagkerfis framt\u00ed\u00f0arinnar. \u00deetta, \u00e1samt al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu \u00e1taki um hreinsun hafsins, er br\u00fdnasta verkefni okkar til \u00feess a\u00f0 draga \u00far fyrirsj\u00e1anlegum h\u00f6rmulegum aflei\u00f0ingum loftslagsbreytinga af mannav\u00f6ldum. Um \u00feetta eiga jafna\u00f0armenn og umhverfisverndarsinnar a\u00f0 sameinast.<\/p>\n
\u00deri\u00f0ja verkefni\u00f0<\/i> er a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa n\u00fa \u00feegar, hvernig vi\u00f0 \u00e6tlum a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 aflei\u00f0ingum \u00feeirrar t\u00e6knibyltingar, sem er \u00e1 fullu allt \u00ed kringum okkur (uppl\u00fdsingabyltingin, stafr\u00e6na byltingin og sj\u00e1lfvirknin), sem mun \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum og \u00e1ratugum breyta me\u00f0 byltingarkenndum h\u00e6tti sj\u00e1lfu e\u00f0li vinnunnar<\/i> \u00ed mannlegu samf\u00e9lagi.<\/p>\n
\u00cd n\u00e1inni framt\u00ed\u00f0 eru allar horfur \u00e1, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 st\u00f6ndum frammi fyrir gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegu og kerfisl\u00e6gu atvinnuleysi sem aflei\u00f0ingu \u00feessarar t\u00e6knibyltingar. \u00deetta kallar \u00e1 r\u00f3tt\u00e6ka hugsun um tekjuskiptinguna og um hlutverk l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skipuleggja \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsleg vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0. R\u00f3tt\u00e6kar hugmyndir um \u201egrunntekjur\u201c fyrir alla, e\u00f0a l\u00e1gmarks erf\u00f0af\u00e9 fyrir alla vi\u00f0 upphaf starfsferils, eiga a\u00f0 vera \u00feegar \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1. Reyndar eru flestar \u00feessara hugmynda ekki eins r\u00f3tt\u00e6kar og \u00fe\u00e6r hlj\u00f3ma vi\u00f0 fyrstu kynni. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna, a\u00f0 hugmyndin um neikv\u00e6\u00f0an tekjuskatt \u2013 l\u00e1gmarkstryggingu til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar launum, er fyrir l\u00f6ngu komin til framkv\u00e6mda og naut meira a\u00f0 segja stu\u00f0nings Miltons Freedman<\/b>, helsta sp\u00e1manns n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar.<\/p>\n
\u00deessi \u00ferj\u00fa vandam\u00e1l og lausnir \u00e1 \u00feeim, eru \u00f6ll innbyr\u00f0is tengd. Lausninrnar kalla \u00e1 vandlega hanna\u00f0ar lausnir \u00ed anda jafna\u00f0arstefnu, sem og p\u00f3lit\u00edska a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna \u00feeim fylgi. P\u00f3lit\u00edskar fosendur fyrir \u00e1rangri eru a\u00f0 n\u00e1 m\u00e1lefnalegri samst\u00f6\u00f0u verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar, jafna\u00f0armannaflokka, umverfisverndarsinna og r\u00f3tt\u00e6kra vinstrisinna \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu<\/i>, sem eru fulltr\u00faar ungrar kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ar, sem hefur veri\u00f0 skilin eftir utangar\u00f0s.<\/p>\n
Vegv\u00edsarnir eru \u00feegar \u00fearna. Munum v\u00edsd\u00f3msor\u00f0 Erlanders<\/b>: \u201cMarka\u00f0urinn er \u00fearfur \u00fej\u00f3nn, en \u00f3\u00feolandi h\u00fasb\u00f3ndi\u201c. Hinn andlegi lei\u00f0togi ka\u00fe\u00f3lsku kirkjunnar er samm\u00e1la og b\u00e6tir vi\u00f0: \u201ePeningarnir eiga a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na manninum, ekki a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna honum\u201c. <\/i><\/p>\n
Afgangurinn er bara framkv\u00e6mdaatri\u00f0i. \u00deekkingin er til sta\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n
Vilji er allt sem \u00fearf.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
“Erindisbr\u00e9f handa jafna\u00f0arm\u00f6nnum \u00e1 n\u00fdrri \u00f6ld” var lokaerindi\u00f0 \u00ed erindaflokki um s\u00f6gu Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins og framt\u00ed\u00f0 jafna\u00f0arstefnu, \u00ed tilefni af 100 \u00e1ra afm\u00e6li Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokks og Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0usambands. Erindi\u00f0 var flutt 1. okt. \u00ed I\u00f0n\u00f3. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1393"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2652,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1393\/revisions\/2652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}