\u00deegar sagan um enda\u00adtafl Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00adins og Hrun Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adanna er rifju\u00f0 upp ald\u00adar\u00adfj\u00f3r\u00f0\u00adungi s\u00ed\u00f0\u00adar, er m\u00f6rgum spurn\u00adingum enn \u00f3svar\u00ada\u00f0. Ein spurn\u00adingin er \u00feessi: Voru lei\u00f0\u00adtogar vest\u00adr\u00e6nna l\u00fd\u00f0\u00adr\u00e6\u00f0\u00adis\u00adr\u00edkja (Bush eldri Banda\u00adr\u00edkja\u00adfor\u00adseti, Kohl kansl\u00adari, Mitt\u00aderar\u00adand og Marg\u00adaret Thatcher) virki\u00adlega svo kald\u00adrifj\u00ada\u00f0\u00adir, a\u00f0 \u00feeir v\u00e6ru rei\u00f0u\u00adb\u00fanir a\u00f0 f\u00f3rna r\u00e9tt\u00adm\u00e6tum kr\u00f6fum Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a um end\u00adur\u00adreist sj\u00e1lf\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed sta\u00f0\u00adinn fyrir marg\u00adv\u00eds\u00adlegan p\u00f3li\u00adt\u00edskan \u00e1vinn\u00ading \u00ed samn\u00adingum vi\u00f0 Gor\u00adbachev? \u00de\u00f3tt svo vir\u00f0\u00adist vera vi\u00f0 fyrstu s\u00fdn, er vi\u00f0\u00adhl\u00edt\u00adandi svar tals\u00advert fl\u00f3kn\u00adara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
H\u00f6fum \u00ed huga, a\u00f0 Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adirnar \u00ferj\u00e1r, Eist\u00adar. Lettar og Lit\u00adh\u00e1\u00adar, h\u00f6f\u00f0u horfi\u00f0 af p\u00f3li\u00adt\u00edskum rat\u00adsj\u00e1m sam\u00adt\u00edm\u00adans \u00ed n\u00e6stum h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld. \u00cd hugum flestra voru \u00fe\u00e6r or\u00f0nar \u201egleymd\u00adar\u201c \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adir. Svar eins utan\u00adr\u00edk\u00adis\u00adr\u00e1\u00f0\u00adherra NATO-\u00adr\u00edkis til m\u00edn, \u00feegar \u00e9g eitt sinn sem oftar tal\u00ada\u00f0i m\u00e1li \u00feess\u00adara \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed NATO, end\u00adur\u00adspeglar r\u00edkj\u00adandi hugs\u00adun\u00adar\u00adh\u00e1tt: Hann sag\u00f0i: \u201eHafa \u00feessar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir ekki alltaf til\u00adheyrt R\u00fass\u00adlandi, alla vega?\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ef \u00feetta voru r\u00edkj\u00adandi vi\u00f0\u00adhorf stj\u00f3rn\u00adm\u00e1la\u00adel\u00ad\u00edt\u00adunnar \u00ed Evr\u00ad\u00f3pu, \u00fe\u00e1 voru lei\u00f0\u00adtogar Vest\u00adur\u00adveld\u00adanna, a\u00f0 eigin mati, ekki a\u00f0 f\u00f3rna neinu. H\u00f6fum \u00ed huga, a\u00f0 for\u00adystu\u00adr\u00edki Evr\u00ad\u00f3pu \u2013 St\u00f3ra Bret\u00adland, Frakk\u00adland, Sp\u00e1nn \u2013 og reyndar Banda\u00adr\u00edkin l\u00edka \u2013 voru \u00f6ll fyrr\u00adver\u00adandi n\u00fdlendu\u00adveldi. Banda\u00adr\u00edkja\u00admenn h\u00e1\u00f0u \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma bl\u00f3\u00f0\u00aduga borg\u00adara\u00adstyrj\u00ad\u00f6ld til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyr\u00adir, a\u00f0 sam\u00adbands\u00adr\u00edki\u00f0 leyst\u00adist upp. Me\u00f0 \u00feessum or\u00f0um er \u00e9g ekki a\u00f0 gefa \u00ed skyn, a\u00f0 banda\u00adr\u00edska borg\u00adara\u00adstyrj\u00ad\u00f6ld\u00adin, sem \u00e1tti a\u00f0 binda endi \u00e1 \u00fer\u00e6la\u00adhald \u00feeld\u00f6kkra, s\u00e9 sam\u00adb\u00e6ri\u00adleg vi\u00f0 fram\u00adfer\u00f0i hef\u00f0\u00adbund\u00adinna n\u00fdlendu\u00advelda vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera frj\u00e1lsar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir s\u00e9r und\u00adir\u00adgefn\u00adar. En grund\u00advall\u00adar\u00adreglan er s\u00fa sama: A\u00f0 hindra upp\u00adlausn sam\u00adbands\u00adr\u00edk\u00adis\u00adins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\u00dea\u00f0 sem einu sinni h\u00e9t St\u00f3ra Bret\u00adland er n\u00fa \u00ed til\u00advist\u00adar\u00adkreppu \u2013 r\u00e9tt eins og Sp\u00e1nn \u2013 af \u00f3tta vi\u00f0 upp\u00adlausn sam\u00adbands\u00adr\u00edk\u00adis\u00adins. N\u00fdlendu\u00adveldi \u2013 eins og t.d. \u00fea\u00f0 breska, franska og sp\u00e6nska \u2013 hafa h\u00e1\u00f0 grimmi\u00adlegar styrj\u00adaldir \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir upp\u00adlausn n\u00fdlendu\u00adveld\u00adanna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er varla vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faast, a\u00f0 lei\u00f0\u00adtogar gam\u00adalla n\u00fdlendu\u00advelda skipi s\u00e9r \u00ed fremstu r\u00f6\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 halda fram sj\u00e1lfs\u00ad\u00e1\u00adkv\u00f6r\u00f0\u00adun\u00adar\u00adr\u00e9tti sm\u00e1\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a. \u00deess eru f\u00e1 d\u00e6mi, ef ein\u00adhver, a\u00f0 sm\u00e1\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir hafi end\u00adur\u00adheimt frelsi sitt fyrir n\u00e1\u00f0 n\u00fdlendu\u00advelda. \u00dear gildir hi\u00f0 forn\u00adkve\u00f0na: \u201eL\u00fd\u00f0ur b\u00ed\u00f0 ei lausn\u00adar\u00adans, leys \u00feig sj\u00e1lf\u00adur\u201c. Vi\u00f0 vissar kring\u00adum\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0ur getur sam\u00adsta\u00f0a \u201esm\u00e1\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a\u201c skipt sk\u00f6pum \u2013 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir allt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00deegar \u00fea\u00f0 var or\u00f0in opin\u00adber stefna vest\u00adr\u00e6nna l\u00fd\u00f0\u00adr\u00e6\u00f0\u00adis\u00adr\u00edkja upp \u00far 1990 a\u00f0 halda b\u00e6ri Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adunum sam\u00adan, hva\u00f0 sem \u00fea\u00f0 kost\u00ada\u00f0i \u2013 \u00ed nafni fri\u00f0ar og st\u00f6\u00f0\u00adug\u00adleika \u2013 m\u00e1tti flestum lj\u00f3st vera, a\u00f0 eitt\u00adhva\u00f0 haf\u00f0i fari\u00f0 \u00farskei\u00f0\u00adis. Hva\u00f0 var a\u00f0? M.a. kol\u00adrangt mat \u00e1 p\u00f3li\u00adt\u00edskum og efna\u00adhags\u00adlegum l\u00edfsl\u00edkum sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adkerf\u00adis\u00adins, a\u00f0 \u00f3breytt\u00adu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir allt umb\u00f3ta\u00adtal Gor\u00adbachevs, l\u00e9tu raun\u00adveru\u00adlegar umb\u00e6tur \u00e1 s\u00e9r standa. Veru\u00adleik\u00adinn, sem almenn\u00adingur bj\u00f3 vi\u00f0 \u00ed dag\u00adlegri til\u00adveru sinni, var allur ann\u00adar. Hag\u00adkerfi\u00f0 var lam\u00ada\u00f0. \u00deetta var svelt\u00adandi s\u00f3s\u00ad\u00ed\u00adal\u00adismi. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki var \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3tr\u00fa\u00adlegur barna\u00adskapur a\u00f0 binda allar vonir um \u00e1rangur stefn\u00adunnar vi\u00f0 p\u00f3li\u00adt\u00edsk \u00f6rl\u00f6g eins manns \u2013 \u00fe.e. Gor\u00adbachevs. \u00dea\u00f0 var engan vegi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lf\u00adgef\u00adi\u00f0, a\u00f0 allt f\u00e6ri \u00ed b\u00e1l og brand, \u00fe\u00f3tt honum yr\u00f0i steypt af st\u00f3li \u2013 eins og reyndar kom \u00e1 dag\u00adinn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ginn\u00adung\u00adargapi\u00f0 milli\u00ad \u00e1\u00adr\u00f3\u00f0\u00adur\u00ads\u00ed\u00admyndar sov\u00ad\u00e9sku el\u00edt\u00adunnar og veru\u00adleika almenn\u00adings\u00ad var or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f3br\u00fa\u00adan\u00adlegt. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 halda sov\u00ad\u00e9ska n\u00fdlendu\u00adveld\u00adinu sam\u00adan, nema me\u00f0 ofbeldi. Reynslan s\u00fdndi \u00fea\u00f0: B\u00fada\u00adpest 1956, Prag 1968 og Viln\u00ad\u00edus 1991. \u00c6tl\u00adu\u00f0u lei\u00f0\u00adtogar Vest\u00adur\u00adveld\u00adanna a\u00f0 leggja blessun s\u00edna yfir \u00fea\u00f0? \u00deetta gekk ekki upp. Grein\u00adingin \u00e1 \u00e1stand\u00adinu var kol\u00adr\u00f6ng og stefnan van\u00adhugsu\u00f0 a\u00f0 sama skapi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Veru\u00adleik\u00adinn var allur ann\u00adar. Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkin voru \u00ed til\u00advist\u00adar\u00adkreppu \u2013 r\u00e9tt eins og evr\u00ad\u00f3psku n\u00fdlendu\u00adveldin eftir str\u00ed\u00f0 \u2013 og sov\u00ad\u00e9ska el\u00edtan var r\u00e1\u00f0a\u00adlaus frammi fyrir \u00e1stand\u00adinu. M\u00e9r satt a\u00f0 segja ofbau\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feurfa a\u00f0 hlusta \u00e1 lei\u00f0\u00adtoga vest\u00adr\u00e6nna l\u00fd\u00f0\u00adr\u00e6\u00f0\u00adis\u00adr\u00edkja innan NATO halda \u00fev\u00ed fram, a\u00f0 hinar hernumdu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir yr\u00f0u a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 halda Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adunum sam\u00adan, hva\u00f0 sem \u00fea\u00f0 kost\u00ada\u00f0i \u2013 \u00ed nafni fri\u00f0ar og st\u00f6\u00f0\u00adug\u00adleika. \u00deetta hlj\u00f3m\u00ada\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00ednum eyrum eins og hrein \u00f6fug\u00adm\u00e6li. \u00c9g hef hvergi s\u00e9\u00f0 n\u00e9 heyrt hand\u00adb\u00e6r r\u00f6k fyrir \u00feess\u00adari afst\u00f6\u00f0\u00adu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c1 seinni \u00e1rum hafa \u00fdmsir vinir m\u00ednir \u00ed lei\u00f0\u00adandi st\u00f6\u00f0um me\u00f0 Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um i\u00f0u\u00adlega spurt mig, hvort eitt\u00adhvert sann\u00adleiks\u00adkorn s\u00e9 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed, sem full\u00adtr\u00faar banda\u00adr\u00edskra stj\u00f3rn\u00advalda haldi fram, \u00adnefni\u00adlega, a\u00f0 Banda\u00adr\u00edkin hafi \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 tj\u00f6ldin st\u00fdrt or\u00f0um og ath\u00f6fnum \u00edslenska utan\u00adr\u00edk\u00adis\u00adr\u00e1\u00f0\u00adherr\u00adans til stu\u00f0n\u00adings sj\u00e1lf\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0\u00adis\u00adbar\u00ad\u00e1ttu Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Banda\u00adr\u00edkin hafi \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma \u00e1tt erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 st\u00edga fram fyrir skj\u00f6ldu vegna sam\u00adstarfs\u00adins vi\u00f0 Gor\u00adbachev um v\u00e6nt\u00adan\u00adlegar umb\u00e6tur innan Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adanna, enda\u00adlok Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00adins og afskipta\u00adleysi R\u00fassa af inn\u00adr\u00e1sinni \u00ed \u00cdrak. Af \u00feessum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um hafi Banda\u00adr\u00edkin fengi\u00f0 skj\u00f3l\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0\u00adings\u00adr\u00edki sitt, \u00cdsland, til a\u00f0 tala m\u00e1li Esystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adanna. \u00deetta \u00e1 allt saman a\u00f0 hafa fari\u00f0 fram leyni\u00adlega. Reyndar svo leyni\u00adlega, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3r me\u00f0 \u00f6llu fram hj\u00e1 m\u00e9r \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c9g er oft a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed spur\u00f0\u00adur, hvers vegna \u00cdsland hafi ekki, sam\u00adkv\u00e6mt venjum og hef\u00f0\u00adum, fylgt lei\u00f0\u00adtogum NATO a\u00f0 m\u00e1lum \u00ed afst\u00f6\u00f0\u00adunni til sj\u00e1lf\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0\u00adis\u00adbar\u00ad\u00e1ttu Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a. Vissu\u00adlega voru engir \u00edslenskir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adar\u00adhags\u00admunir \u00ed h\u00fafi. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti. \u00cdsland var h\u00e1\u00f0 Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adunum vegna inn\u00adflutn\u00adings \u00e1 ol\u00edu og bens\u00ad\u00edni, sem er l\u00edfs\u00adnau\u00f0\u00adsyn fyrir sam\u00adg\u00f6ngu\u00adkerf\u00adi \u00ad\u00fer\u00f3\u00ada\u00f0ra r\u00edkja. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 banda\u00adlags\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 okk\u00adar, Bret\u00adar, setti vi\u00f0\u00adskipta\u00adbann \u00e1 \u00cdsland til a\u00f0 beygja \u00cdslend\u00adinga til hl\u00fd\u00f0ni og koma \u00ed veg fyrir \u00fatf\u00e6rslu fisk\u00advei\u00f0i\u00adl\u00f6g\u00ads\u00f6g\u00adunnar \u00ed 200 m\u00edl\u00adur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reyndar sendi \u00feessi banda\u00adlags\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 okkar flota hennar h\u00e1tignar \u00edtreka\u00f0 \u00e1 vett\u00advang til a\u00f0 vernda breska vei\u00f0i\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3fa innan \u00edslenskrar land\u00adhelgi. \u00deetta var, \u00feegar Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 var \u00ed algleym\u00adingi. \u00de\u00e1 sk\u00e1r\u00adust Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkin \u00ed leik\u00adinn og bu\u00f0\u00adust til a\u00f0 kaupa allar \u00fe\u00e6r sj\u00e1v\u00adar\u00adaf\u00adur\u00f0\u00adir, sem v\u00e6ru n\u00fa bann\u00adf\u00e6r\u00f0ar \u00e1 breska mark\u00ada\u00f0n\u00adum. \u00de\u00f3tt mik\u00adil\u00adv\u00e6gi Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00advi\u00f0\u00adskipt\u00adanna hef\u00f0i s\u00ed\u00f0an hnign\u00ada\u00f0, var samt miki\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00fafi a\u00f0 vi\u00f0\u00adhalda \u00feeim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\nVissum vi\u00f0 \u00cdslend\u00adingar ekki, a\u00f0 til \u00feess er \u00e6tl\u00adast, a\u00f0 banda\u00adlags\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir fylgi for\u00adystu st\u00f3r\u00adveld\u00adanna, \u00feegar \u00e1 reyn\u00adir? Vissu\u00adlega s\u00fdnir sagan, a\u00f0 svo s\u00e9 n\u00e6r alltaf. Samt vorum vi\u00f0 tregir \u00ed taumi. Lei\u00f0\u00adtogar Vest\u00adur\u00adveld\u00adanna voru aug\u00adlj\u00f3s\u00adlega ekki a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta hags\u00admuna sm\u00e1\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u s\u00e6tt her\u00adn\u00e1mi og inn\u00adlimun \u00ed sov\u00ad\u00e9ska n\u00fdlendu\u00adveld\u00adi\u00f0. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0\u00adur\u00adkenndum a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lf\u00ads\u00f6g\u00f0u, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var miki\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00fafi a\u00f0 n\u00e1 samn\u00adingum vi\u00f0 Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkin um lok Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00adins. Vi\u00f0 s\u00fdndum \u00fev\u00ed l\u00edka fullan skiln\u00ading, a\u00f0 fri\u00f0\u00adsam\u00adleg sam\u00adein\u00ading \u00fe\u00fdsku r\u00edkj\u00adanna og \u00e1fram\u00adhald\u00adandi vera sam\u00adein\u00ada\u00f0s \u00de\u00fdska\u00adlands \u00ed NATO hlyti a\u00f0 hafa for\u00adgang umfram allt anna\u00f0 \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feeirra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adar\u00ad-hags\u00admun\u00adum. En vi\u00f0 f\u00e9ll\u00adumst ekki \u00e1, a\u00f0 l\u00f6g\u00adm\u00e6tar v\u00e6nt\u00adingar Eytra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a um end\u00adur\u00adheimt sj\u00e1lf\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 tefla \u00feessum hags\u00admunum \u00ed tv\u00ed\u00ads\u00fdnu; ekki heldur a\u00f0 allt hlyti a\u00f0 fara \u00ed b\u00e1l og brand, ef Gor\u00adbachev tap\u00ada\u00f0i valda\u00adtafl\u00adinu \u00ed Kreml.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Um \u00feetta vorum vi\u00f0 ein\u00adfald\u00adlega \u00f3sam\u00adm\u00e1la. \u00deegar \u00fea\u00f0 var allt \u00ed einu or\u00f0in yfir\u00adl\u00fdst stefna for\u00adystu Vest\u00adur\u00adveld\u00adanna \u00ed samn\u00adingum um enda\u00adlok Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00adins, a\u00f0 v\u00e6nt\u00adan\u00adlegur \u00e1rangur ylti end\u00adan\u00adlega \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adunum sam\u00adan, hva\u00f0 sem \u00fea\u00f0 kost\u00ada\u00f0i \u2013 \u00ed nafni fri\u00f0ar og st\u00f6\u00f0\u00adug\u00adleika \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e6tti hugs\u00adandi f\u00f3lki a\u00f0 vera or\u00f0i\u00f0 lj\u00f3st, a\u00f0 eitt\u00adhva\u00f0 meira en l\u00edti\u00f0 hef\u00f0i skol\u00adast til \u00ed me\u00f0\u00adf\u00f6rum lei\u00f0\u00adtog\u00adanna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u00f0 vor\u00adum, eins og fyrr sag\u00f0i, \u00feeirrar sko\u00f0\u00adun\u00adar, a\u00f0 sov\u00ad\u00e9ska n\u00fdlendu\u00adveldi\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00ed til\u00advist\u00adar\u00adkreppu, r\u00e9tt eins og evr\u00ad\u00f3psku n\u00fdlendu\u00adveldin a\u00f0 loknu Seinna str\u00ed\u00f0i. Mestu m\u00e1li skipti a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyr\u00adir, a\u00f0 upp\u00adlausn n\u00fdlendu\u00adveld\u00adis\u00adins leiddi til styrj\u00adald\u00adar\u00ad\u00e1taka; a\u00f0 \u00feetta g\u00e6ti gerst me\u00f0 fri\u00f0\u00adsam\u00adlegum h\u00e6tti, eins og reynslan haf\u00f0i \u00feegar s\u00fdnt \u00ed Mi\u00f0- og Aust\u00adur-\u00adEvr\u00ad\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hvernig m\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vera, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6tt\u00adumst \u00feess umkomnir a\u00f0 hafa raun\u00ads\u00e6rra mat \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0u m\u00e1la innan Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adanna heldur en leyni\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3n\u00adusta st\u00f3r\u00adveld\u00adanna? Fyrir \u00fev\u00ed eru \u00fdmsar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0\u00adur. Ein er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 fyrr\u00adnefndar leyni\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3n\u00adustur h\u00f6f\u00f0u i\u00f0u\u00adlega \u00ed for\u00adt\u00ed\u00f0\u00adinni reynst hafa rangt fyrir s\u00e9r \u00ed grund\u00advall\u00adar\u00adat\u00adri\u00f0\u00adum. \u00d6nnur er af per\u00ads\u00f3nu\u00adlegum toga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\nElsti br\u00f3\u00f0ir minn var \u00fatskrif\u00ada\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 Moskvu-h\u00e1\u00adsk\u00f3la og haf\u00f0i stunda\u00f0 fram\u00adhalds\u00adn\u00e1m \u00ed Var\u00adsj\u00e1, me\u00f0al ann\u00adars hj\u00e1 Leszek Kola\u00adkowski, \u00adsem var \u00e1hrifa\u00admik\u00adill og beittur gagn\u00adr\u00fdn\u00adandi \u00e1 bana\u00admein Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adkerf\u00adis\u00adins. Annar br\u00f3\u00f0ir minn haf\u00f0i reyndar stunda\u00f0 n\u00e1m \u00ed Karls-h\u00e1\u00adsk\u00f3l\u00adanum \u00ed Prag. B\u00e1\u00f0ir h\u00f6f\u00f0u vi\u00f0\u00adhaldi\u00f0 sam\u00adskiptum vi\u00f0 and\u00ad\u00f3fs\u00admenn innan Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adanna, \u00ed Eystra\u00adsalts\u00adl\u00f6nd\u00adunum og Aust\u00adur-\u00adEvr\u00ad\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sj\u00e1lfur var \u00e9g Ful\u00adbright-\u00adf\u00e9\u00adlagi vi\u00f0 Harvard fyrr \u00e1 \u00e1rum, \u00fear sem rann\u00ads\u00f3kn\u00adar\u00adverk\u00adefni\u00f0 var sam\u00adan\u00adbur\u00f0ur hag\u00adkerfa. Ni\u00f0\u00adur\u00adsta\u00f0a m\u00edn var\u00f0\u00adandi sov\u00ad\u00e9ska hag\u00adkerfi\u00f0 var ein\u00adf\u00f6ld: \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00ed lama\u00adsessi. Drif\u00adkraft\u00adinn haf\u00f0i daga\u00f0 upp. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00f3sveigj\u00adan\u00adlegt, s\u00f3l\u00adund\u00adar\u00adsamt og \u00f3hag\u00adkv\u00e6mt, \u00fe\u00f3tt ein\u00adstakir geir\u00adar, tengdir v\u00edg\u00adb\u00fan\u00ada\u00f0\u00adar\u00adkapp\u00adhlaup\u00adinu, skil\u00adu\u00f0u \u00e1rangri, en me\u00f0 \u00f3h\u00e6fi\u00adlegum til\u00adkostn\u00ada\u00f0i. S\u00ed\u00f0an var \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta, a\u00f0 p\u00f3li\u00adt\u00edska yfir\u00adst\u00e9ttin \u2013 nomenkla\u00adt\u00ad\u00faran \u2013 haf\u00f0i glata\u00f0 tr\u00fanni \u00e1 kerf\u00adi\u00f0. \u00deeir voru ekki lengur rei\u00f0u\u00adb\u00fanir a\u00f0 beita valdi til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0\u00adhalda v\u00f6ldum s\u00edn\u00adum, jafn\u00advel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir vissu, a\u00f0 Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adunum yr\u00f0i ekki haldi\u00f0 saman \u00e1n vald\u00adbeit\u00ading\u00adar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6fugt vi\u00f0 n\u00faver\u00adandi for\u00adseta R\u00fass\u00adlands, Vla\u00addim\u00edr P\u00fat\u00edn \u2013 sem segir a\u00f0 \u201efall Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adanna s\u00e9 mesta st\u00f3r\u00adslys 20stu ald\u00adar\u201c \u2013 var \u00e9g sann\u00adf\u00e6r\u00f0ur um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1989-91 \u2013 og er enn \u2013 a\u00f0 upp\u00adlausn sov\u00ad\u00e9ska n\u00fdlendu\u00adveld\u00adis\u00adins ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 telj\u00adast me\u00f0 j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0\u00adustu atbur\u00f0um \u00e1 n\u00e6st\u00adli\u00f0\u00adinni \u00f6ld. Ef \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feurfti upp\u00adreisn Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a til a\u00f0 hrinda ferl\u00adinu af sta\u00f0, v\u00e6ri \u00fea\u00f0 bara af hinu g\u00f3\u00f0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Um hva\u00f0 var Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld – ef ekki \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 frelsa hinar hernumdu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adir? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9r ofbau\u00f0 a\u00f0 heyra lei\u00f0\u00adtoga vest\u00adr\u00e6nna l\u00fd\u00f0\u00adr\u00e6\u00f0\u00adis\u00adr\u00edkja pr\u00e9\u00addika \u00fea\u00f0 \u2014yfir hinum und\u00adir\u00adok\u00adu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um (eins og Bush Banda\u00adr\u00edkja\u00adfor\u00adseti eldri ger\u00f0i \u00ed endemis r\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed \u00feing\u00adinu i Kyiv nokkrum vikum \u00e1\u00f0ur en 90% \u00dakra\u00ad\u00ednu\u00admanna sam\u00ad\u00feykktu \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adar\u00adat\u00adkv\u00e6\u00f0a\u00adgrei\u00f0slu a\u00f0 segja sig \u00far l\u00f6gum vi\u00f0 Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edk\u00adin), a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 \u00f6r\u00adl\u00f6g s\u00edn til \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1 Vest\u00adur\u00adl\u00f6ndum g\u00e6tum b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 fri\u00f0 og st\u00f6\u00f0\u00adug\u00adleika. \u00deetta hlj\u00f3m\u00ada\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00ednum eyrum ekki bara sem skammar\u00adleg svik, heldur l\u00edka sem meiri h\u00e1ttar mis\u00adt\u00f6k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Per\u00ads\u00f3nu\u00adlega gat \u00e9g ekki fylgt sl\u00edkum r\u00e1\u00f0\u00adum. Ef vi\u00f0 \u00cdslend\u00adingar g\u00e6tum tryggt okkur a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 ol\u00edu og bens\u00ad\u00edni \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum m\u00f6rk\u00adu\u00f0\u00adum, v\u00e6ri ekki hund\u00adra\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00e6tt\u00adunn\u00adi. Hafa ber \u00ed huga, a\u00f0 Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkin voru \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma \u00ed dj\u00fapri efna\u00adhagsl\u00e6g\u00f0 og hnign\u00ada\u00f0i hratt. \u00deeir bu\u00f0u l\u00e1g ver\u00f0 fyrir l\u00e9leg g\u00e6\u00f0i. Vi\u00f0 g\u00e1tum tryggt a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 hag\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0\u00adari m\u00f6rk\u00adu\u00f0um ann\u00adars sta\u00f0\u00adar. Vi\u00f0 vissum, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 t\u00f3kum yfir\u00adveg\u00ada\u00f0a \u00e1h\u00e6ttu. En l\u00edka \u00fea\u00f0 reynd\u00adist r\u00e9tt mat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Grein\u00ading okkar \u00e1 veru\u00adleik\u00adanum innan Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkj\u00adanna \u00e1 sein\u00adustu \u00e1rum Gor\u00adbachevs leiddi til allt ann\u00adarrar ni\u00f0\u00adur\u00adst\u00f6\u00f0u en \u00fe\u00e1 var vi\u00f0\u00adtekin viska. \u00dea\u00f0 bar enga br\u00fdna nau\u00f0\u00adsyn til a\u00f0 f\u00f3rn\u00ada r\u00e9tt\u00adm\u00e6tum kr\u00f6fum Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a um end\u00adur\u00adreist sj\u00e1lf\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0i til \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00e1 hag\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0um samn\u00adingum vi\u00f0 Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edkin \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum svi\u00f0\u00adum. Ef \u00fe\u00fa ert sann\u00adf\u00e6r\u00f0ur um, a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa hafir r\u00e9tt fyrir \u00fe\u00e9r \u2013 og \u00fea\u00f0 er miki\u00f0 \u00ed h\u00fafi \u2013 hvers vegna \u00fe\u00e1 ekki a\u00f0 fylgja sann\u00adf\u00e6r\u00adingu sinni?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c9g hef aldrei veri\u00f0 \u00feungt hald\u00adinn af minni\u00adm\u00e1tt\u00adar\u00adkennd fyrir a\u00f0 vera full\u00adtr\u00fai sm\u00e1\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar \u00ed fj\u00f6l\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a\u00adsam\u00adskipt\u00adum. \u00c1 p\u00f3li\u00adt\u00edskum ferli m\u00ednum var \u00e9g i\u00f0u\u00adlega \u00ed n\u00e1l\u00e6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 lei\u00f0\u00adtoga \u201est\u00f3r\u00advelda\u201c, sem reynd\u00adust ekk\u00adert st\u00e6rri fyrir a\u00f0 til\u00adheyra fj\u00f6l\u00admenn\u00adari \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adum. \u00c9g veit l\u00edka af eigin reynslu, a\u00f0 ef full\u00adtr\u00faar sm\u00e1\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a standa saman og hafa \u00e1 r\u00e9ttu a\u00f0 standa, geta \u00fe\u00e6r breytt heim\u00adinum til hins betra. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir allt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f6f\u00adundur var utan\u00adr\u00edk\u00adis\u00adr\u00e1\u00f0\u00adherra \u00cdslands 1988-1995.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00deann 9. n\u00f3v. n.k. ver\u00f0a 30 \u00e1r li\u00f0in fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00edb\u00faar Berl\u00ednar rifu ni\u00f0ur Berl\u00edn\u00adar\u00adm\u00far\u00adinn. F\u00e1a grun\u00ada\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1, a\u00f0 tveimur \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar yr\u00f0u hin vold\u00adugu Sov\u00ad\u00e9t\u00adr\u00edki ekki lengur til. Enda\u00adtafl Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00adins var haf\u00adi\u00f0. Af \u00feessu til\u00adefni kemur \u00e1 n\u00e6st\u00adunni \u00fat n\u00fd b\u00f3k undir heit\u00adinu: \u201eEx\u00adit\u00ading the Cold War, Enter\u00ading the New World . \u00datgef\u00adendur eru Henry Kiss\u00adin\u00adger Center for Global Affairs , Johns Hop\u00adk\u00adins Uni\u00adversity \u00ed sam\u00advinnu vi\u00f0 The Brook\u00adings Institute \u00ed Was\u00adhington D.C. H\u00f6f\u00adundar voru flestir \u00ed innsta hring lei\u00f0\u00adtoga st\u00f3r\u00adveld\u00adanna \u00e1 \u00feessum umbrota\u00adt\u00edmum (1989-92) . Tveir h\u00f6f\u00adund\u00adanna eru full\u00adtr\u00faar sm\u00e1\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, sem komu vi\u00f0 \u00feessa s\u00f6gu: Mart Laar, fyrrum for\u00ads\u00e6t\u00adis\u00adr\u00e1\u00f0\u00adherra Eist\u00adlands, og fyrrum unt\u00adan\u00adr\u00edk\u00adis\u00adr\u00e1\u00f0\u00adherra \u00cdslands, J\u00f3n Bald\u00advin Hanni\u00adbals\u00adson (1988-95) . \u00dea\u00f0 sem h\u00e9r fer \u00e1 eftir er stutt brot \u00far b\u00f3k\u00adarkafla J\u00f3n Bald\u00advins, \u00fear sem hann sk\u00fdrir ,hvers vegna \u00cdsland t\u00f3k for\u00adystu um vi\u00f0\u00adur\u00adkenn\u00adingu al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a\u00adsam\u00adf\u00e9\u00adlags\u00adins \u00e1 end\u00adur\u00adreistu sj\u00e1lf\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0i Eystra\u00adsalts\u00ad\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u2013 \u00ed and\u00adst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 yfir\u00adl\u00fdsta stefnu lei\u00f0\u00adtoga Vest\u00adur\u00adveld\u00adanna. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2386"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2587,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386\/revisions\/2587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}