\u00c1ri\u00f0 1982 \u00e1kva\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnin, a\u00f0 hluti af \u00e1rlegum tekjum sj\u00f3\u00f0sins skyldi renna \u00ed sj\u00f3\u00f0 undir nafninu \u201ePermanent Fund Dividend\u201c<\/em> (PFD). \u00deessi sj\u00f3\u00f0ur gengur \u00ed daglegu tali undir nafninu \u201eAlaska ar\u00f0urinn\u201c <\/strong>(Alaska Dividend).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Samkv\u00e6mt reglum sj\u00f3\u00f0sins f\u00e6r s\u00e9rhver \u00edb\u00fai Alaska \u2013 karlar, konur og b\u00f6rn \u2013 \u00e1rlegar ar\u00f0grei\u00f0slur fyrir eignarhlut sinn \u00ed ol\u00eduau\u00f0lindum Alaska l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt. <\/em>Upph\u00e6\u00f0in er breytileg fr\u00e1 \u00e1ri til \u00e1rs, sveiflast a\u00f0 mestu eftir heimsmarka\u00f0sver\u00f0i \u00e1 ol\u00edu. \u00c1 seinni \u00e1rum hefur ar\u00f0grei\u00f0slan numi\u00f0 milli 1000 og 1500 dollurum \u00e1 mann, e\u00f0a samtals fyrir fimm manna fj\u00f6lskyldu fr\u00e1 5000 til 7500 dollurum. \u00deegar best l\u00e9t nam \u00feessi ar\u00f0grei\u00f0sla 3269 dollurum \u00e1 mann e\u00f0a samtals 16.345 dollurum \u00e1 fimm manna fj\u00f6lskyldu. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00e1 n\u00faverandi gengi \u00cdSK 2.343.382.65-<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alaska m\u00f3deli\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201eThe Alaska Permanent Fund\u201c (ATF) er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0ur (Sovereign Wealth Fund), sem samkv\u00e6mt skilgreiningu tilheyrir \u00edb\u00faum vi\u00f0komandi samf\u00e9lags og er vari\u00f0 til fj\u00e1rfestinga, sem gefa af s\u00e9r vexti og ar\u00f0. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1982 \u00e1kva\u00f0 fylkisstj\u00f3rnin, a\u00f0 hluti af \u00feessum ar\u00f0i skyldi greiddur \u00fat \u00e1rlega \u00f6llum \u00edb\u00faum fylkisins. S\u00fa p\u00f3lit\u00edska \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un \u00e1 s\u00e9r sto\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00f6gum fylkiss\u00feingsins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Margar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir hafa stofna\u00f0 til samb\u00e6rilegra \u201e\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0a\u201c. En fylkisstj\u00f3rn Alaska er eini a\u00f0ilinn \u00ed heiminum, sem grei\u00f0ir reglulega peningagrei\u00f0slur \u00far sj\u00f3\u00f0num til allra \u00edb\u00faa fylkisins.<\/strong> Me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti hafa stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld fylkisins vali\u00f0 \u00feann kost a\u00f0 n\u00fdta au\u00f0lindap\u00f3lit\u00edk \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu framfarasinna\u00f0rar f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lastefnu. Lykilhugmyndin a\u00f0 baki \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0num \u00e1 a\u00f0 tryggja, a\u00f0 \u00edb\u00faar fylkisins nj\u00f3ti \u00e1fram ar\u00f0s af au\u00f0lind sinni, l\u00edka eftir a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindin sj\u00e1lf er \u00ferotin. Hin \u00e1rlega ar\u00f0grei\u00f0sla er partur af hagstj\u00f3rninni me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f6rva eftirspurn, studda kaupm\u00e6tti, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 skapa nokkurt skriffinnskub\u00e1kn. Allt kemur \u00feetta a\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u haldi til a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00e1f\u00f6llum, eins og t.d. faraldrinum, sem n\u00fa herjar \u00e1 jar\u00f0arb\u00faa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Enn sem komi\u00f0 er \u00e1 Alaska m\u00f3deli\u00f0 engan sinn l\u00edka. \u00dea\u00f0 samanstendur af \u00feremur \u00fe\u00e1ttum: (1) Tekna er afla\u00f0 me\u00f0 au\u00f0lindagjaldi (2) Au\u00f0lindagjaldi\u00f0 rennur \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0, sem er \u00e1vaxta\u00f0ur me\u00f0 fj\u00e1rfestingum (3) Hluta af tekjum sj\u00f3\u00f0sins er s\u00ed\u00f0an vari\u00f0 til grei\u00f0slu \u00ed peningum til allra \u00edb\u00faa fylkisins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n R\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir hafa hinga\u00f0 til \u00fathluta\u00f0 \u00feessum g\u00e6\u00f0um til einkaa\u00f0ila, \u00fdmist fr\u00edtt e\u00f0a fyrir m\u00e1lamyndagjald, eins og t.d. \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. R\u00e9ttl\u00e6tingin fyrir \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera, a\u00f0 \u00feetta skapi atvinnu og komi \u00feannig \u00f6\u00f0rum til g\u00f3\u00f0a. En \u00fea\u00f0 gengur ekki upp. \u00cdb\u00faar f\u00e1t\u00e6krahverfanna \u00ed J\u00f3hannesarborg eru engu b\u00e6ttari \u00fe\u00f3tt einkaa\u00f0ilar gr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 demantan\u00e1mum S-Afr\u00edku. \u00cdb\u00faar Jak\u00fat\u00edu f\u00e1 ekkert \u00ed sinn hlut, \u00fe\u00f3tt r\u00fassnesku \u00f3l\u00edgarkarnir gr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 t\u00e1 og fingri \u00e1 gull- og demantan\u00e1mum landsins. Ekki frekar en \u00edb\u00faar Colorado f\u00e1 nokku\u00f0 \u00ed sinn hlut fyrir gulln\u00e1murnar \u00ed Denver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Leigugjald en ekki skattur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00f6fundar \u201eAlaska m\u00f3delsins\u201c leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1, a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld fyrir n\u00fdtingarr\u00e9ttinn \u00e1 takm\u00f6rku\u00f0um au\u00f0lindum eru ekki skattar<\/em>. Au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld geta hins vegar komi\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir e\u00f0a l\u00e6kka\u00f0 skatta. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki hafa au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld \u00feann kost a\u00f0 geta komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir ofn\u00fdtingu og r\u00e1nyrkju \u00e1 au\u00f0lindum. Ef gjaldt\u00f6ku fyrir n\u00fdtingu au\u00f0linda (\u00fe\u00e1 erum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala um land, vatn, orku, sk\u00f3ga o.fl.) er skynsamlega beitt, getur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed frams\u00fdnni verndun n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0linda og umhverfis. <\/em>\u00dea\u00f0 getur gefi\u00f0 f\u00f3lki hvatningu til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast neyslu afur\u00f0a, sem byggja \u00e1 r\u00e1nyrkju takmarka\u00f0ra au\u00f0linda. Um \u00feetta eiga \u00fev\u00ed talsmenn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkisins og umhverfisverndarsinnar a\u00f0 geta sameinast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dea\u00f0 er s\u00e9rlega \u00e1m\u00e6lisvert, a\u00f0 mati h\u00f6funda b\u00f3karinnar, a\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir skuli gefa einstaklingum og fyrirt\u00e6kjasamsteypum n\u00fdtingarr\u00e9tt \u00e1 au\u00f0lindum, \u00feega fyrirt\u00e6kin selja s\u00ed\u00f0an afur\u00f0irnar, sem f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 n\u00fdtingu au\u00f0lindarinnar, me\u00f0 \u00f3m\u00e6ldum hagna\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00fdma \u00feeim misskilningi, a\u00f0 a\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld s\u00e9u skattar. Au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld eru gjaldtaka fyrir n\u00fdtingu au\u00f0linda, r\u00e9tt eins og leiga er gjaldtaka fyrir afnot af h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/em> S\u00e1 sem borgar h\u00fasaleigu er ekki \u00fear me\u00f0 laus vi\u00f0 skatta. S\u00e1 sem f\u00e6r einkar\u00e9tt \u00e1 n\u00fdtingu au\u00f0lindar, \u00fatilokar \u00fear me\u00f0 a\u00f0ra. \u00deetta eru \u00fev\u00ed forr\u00e9ttindi.<\/em> Og mikil f\u00e9m\u00e6ti. \u00dea\u00f0 er beinlinis gl\u00e6psamlegt<\/em>, a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld \u00fathluti sl\u00edkum forr\u00e9ttindum til a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last p\u00f3lit\u00edska vild og haldi s\u00ed\u00f0an verndarhendi yfir vildarvinum s\u00ednum. \u00deeir sem \u00fea\u00f0 gera, heita \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttu \u00fej\u00f3fsnautar.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dea\u00f0 er g\u00f3\u00f0s viti, a\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6rslan \u00e1 Alaskaar\u00f0inum,<\/em> sem Alaskab\u00faar n\u00fa hafa reynslu af \u00ed t\u00e6plega 40 \u00e1r, hefur reynst vel \u00ed framkv\u00e6md og skila\u00f0 til\u00e6tlu\u00f0um \u00e1rangri. Af \u00feessu geta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir, sem b\u00faa yfir r\u00edkulegum au\u00f0lindum, miki\u00f0 l\u00e6rt, a\u00f0 s\u00f6gn h\u00f6funda. Og taki n\u00fa hver til s\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Au\u00f0lindastefna<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokkurinn var \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma eini \u00edslenski stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laflokkurinn, sem haf\u00f0i m\u00f3ta\u00f0 s\u00e9r heildst\u00e6\u00f0a au\u00f0lindastefnu. Allar au\u00f0lindir innan \u00edslenskrar l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu \u2013 ekki bara \u00ed hafinu og \u00e1 hafsbotni \u2013 heldur l\u00edka land utan eignarhalds b\u00fajar\u00f0a, vatn, orkulindir, o.fl. skyldu vera a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum sameign \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. Vi\u00f0, jafna\u00f0armenn, settum \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 skilyr\u00f0i fyrir sam\u00feykkt aflamarkskerfisins, a\u00f0 nytjastofnar innan l\u00f6gs\u00f6gunnar yr\u00f0u a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum l\u00fdstir sameign \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. Vi\u00f0 settum \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 skilyr\u00f0i fyrir sam\u00feykkt framsalsr\u00e9ttar til a\u00f0 auka ar\u00f0semi greinarinnar, a\u00f0 \u201et\u00edmabundinn n\u00fdtingarr\u00e9ttur skyldi aldrei mynda l\u00f6gvarinn eignar\u00e9tt n\u00e9 b\u00f3takr\u00f6fu \u00e1 hendur r\u00edkinu, \u00fe\u00f3tt vei\u00f0iheimildir yr\u00f0u afturkalla\u00f0ar\u201c. \u00c1n \u00feessara laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a, sem sett voru a\u00f0 okkar frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i, v\u00e6ri bar\u00e1ttan fyrir sameign \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar \u00e1 au\u00f0lindum fyrir l\u00f6ngu t\u00f6pu\u00f0.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c1 \u00feessum t\u00edma (\u00e1ri\u00f0 1991) g\u00e1tum vi\u00f0 ekki krafist \u00feess, a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindarrentan rynni \u00ed r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0 af \u00feeirri einf\u00f6ldu \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u, a\u00f0 sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegurinn var \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma sokkinn \u00ed skuldir, \u00feannig a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindarrenta sem andlag leigugjalds fyrir vei\u00f0iheimildir haf\u00f0i ekki myndast fyrr enn m\u00f6rgum \u00e1rum seinna (um og upp \u00far seinustu aldam\u00f3tum). En \u00e1 s.l. \u00e1ratug hefur \u00feessi au\u00f0lindarrenta numi\u00f0 hundru\u00f0um milljar\u00f0a<\/strong> kr\u00f3na, eins og s\u00fdnt hefur veri\u00f0 fram \u00e1 me\u00f0 \u00f3m\u00f3tm\u00e6lanlegum r\u00f6kum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u00f0 getum kalla\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u201e\u00cdslandsar\u00f0<\/strong>\u201c. Eins og s\u00fdnt hefur veri\u00f0 fram \u00e1 \u00ed \u00feessari grein, hefur samb\u00e6rilegur \u201eAlaskaar\u00f0ur\u201c \u00e1 s.l. \u00e1ratugum runni\u00f0 til \u00edb\u00faa fylkisins, \u00fdmist \u00ed formi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0s e\u00f0a \u00ed formi beingrei\u00f0slna til \u00edb\u00faa fylkisins. Eins og n\u00fdjasta Samherjahneyksli\u00f0 s\u00fdnir hefur \u00cdslandsar\u00f0urinn runni\u00f0 til f\u00e1einna fj\u00f6lskyldna \u2013 en ekki til eigandans, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. Og \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00cdslandsar\u00f0urinn hafi margfalda\u00f0 ver\u00f0m\u00e6ti hlutabr\u00e9faeignar forr\u00e9ttindaa\u00f0alsins skal hann samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur vera a\u00f0 st\u00f3rum hluta skattfrj\u00e1ls, \u00ed nafni laga um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign, sem samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur hafa aldrei veri\u00f0 virt \u00ed framkv\u00e6md. Hv\u00edl\u00edkt sj\u00fask! Stj\u00f3rns\u00fdsla af \u00feessu tagi er greinilega a\u00f0 r\u00fassneskri fyrirmynd. N\u00faverandi a\u00f0sto\u00f0arfors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra Kanada, Chrystia Freeland, hefur skrifa\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 heila b\u00f3k undir heitinu: \u201e\u00dej\u00f3fna\u00f0ur aldarinnar<\/em>\u201c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dea\u00f0 er komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00f6gurstundu. \u00dea\u00f0 eru a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a seinustu forv\u00f6\u00f0 a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa \u00ed taumana og st\u00f6\u00f0va \u00feessa \u00f3svinnu. Ver\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 ekki gert, er \u00fea\u00f0 sta\u00f0festing \u00feess, a\u00f0 hinn ofurr\u00edki forr\u00e9ttindaa\u00f0all hefur n\u00fa \u00feegar n\u00e1\u00f0 sl\u00edkum heljart\u00f6kum \u00e1 \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi, a\u00f0 ekki ver\u00f0i aftur sn\u00fai\u00f0. \u00d3l\u00edgarkarnir (r\u00fassneska yfir au\u00f0linda\u00fej\u00f3fa) r\u00e1\u00f0a \u00feegar l\u00f6gum og lofum yfir heilu kj\u00f6rd\u00e6munum, \u00feannig a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rm\u00e1lamenn \u00feora ekki lengur a\u00f0 r\u00edsa gegn ofurvaldi \u00feeirra. Er \u00fea\u00f0 tilviljun a\u00f0 stofnandi og bur\u00f0ar\u00e1s Vinstri Gr\u00e6nna og n\u00faverandi forma\u00f0ur Samfylkingar skila b\u00e1\u00f0ir au\u00f0u \u00ed \u00feessu st\u00e6rsta m\u00e1li \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar \u2013 b\u00e1\u00f0ir fr\u00e1 Nor\u00f0urlandskj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi eystra? \u00dea\u00f0 er vita\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edgarkarnir gera \u00feegar \u00fat b\u00e6\u00f0i Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokkinn. N\u00fa ver\u00f0ur einfaldlega a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 reyna, hvort stj\u00f3rnarandsta\u00f0an er \u00e1 \u00feeirra valdi l\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e9r duga engin vettlingat\u00f6k lengur. Stj\u00f3rnarandsta\u00f0an \u00e6tti \u00feegar \u00ed sta\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r saman um a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlun, sem byggir \u00e1 eftirfarandi \u00ed meginatri\u00f0um:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Stj\u00f3rnarandsta\u00f0an \u00fearf \u00feegar \u00ed sta\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu s\u00edna f\u00e6rustu l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0inga\/endursko\u00f0endur, innlenda og\/e\u00f0a erlenda, til a\u00f0 leita r\u00e1\u00f0a um, hvernig megi endurheimta megni\u00f0 af au\u00f0lindarrentu upp \u00e1 hundru\u00f0 milljar\u00f0a \u00e1 s.l. \u00e1ratug me\u00f0 l\u00f6gformlegum h\u00e6tti \u00ed krafti \u00feess, a\u00f0 l\u00f6gvarinn eignar\u00e9ttur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar \u00e1 au\u00f0lindinni hefur ekki veri\u00f0 virtur \u00ed reynd. Til greina kemur \u201ewindfall-gains tax<\/em>\u201c (ofurgr\u00f3\u00f0askattur) skv. ford\u00e6mi Malas\u00edu 1997 e\u00f0a \u00fatf\u00e6rsla \u00e1 st\u00f3reignaskatti, sem beitt var eftir seinna str\u00ed\u00f0 til a\u00f0 innheimta hluta str\u00ed\u00f0sgr\u00f3\u00f0ans \u00ed r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00e6stu kosningar eiga a\u00f0 vera \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0sla um \u00feessa a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ef Al\u00feingi \u00cdslendinga tekur ekki \u00ed taumana \u00ed \u00feessu m\u00e1li og kemur l\u00f6gum yfir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arar\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3fna\u00f0inn, sta\u00f0festir \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 v\u00f6ldin \u00ed \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi hafa f\u00e6rst fr\u00e1 l\u00f6ggjafarvaldinu til forr\u00e9ttindaa\u00f0als, sem r\u00e6\u00f0ur or\u00f0i\u00f0 l\u00f6gum og lofum \u00ed landinu. \u00de\u00e1 er bara eitt \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i eftir: A\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in endurheimti \u00feau v\u00f6ld, sem h\u00fan hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e6nd, reki heim \u00feetta d\u00e1\u00f0lausa \u00feing og velji s\u00e9r n\u00fdja menn til forystu \u2013 menn sem \u00feora og standa vi\u00f0 or\u00f0 s\u00edn um vernd almannahagsmuna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (Greinarh\u00f6fundur er h\u00f6fundur b\u00f3karinnar <\/em>T\u00e6pitungulaust: L\u00edfssko\u00f0un jafna\u00f0armanns (HB Av 2019) \u00fear sem \u00edtarlegar er fjalla\u00f0 um au\u00f0lindastefnu jafna\u00f0armanna).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/jbh.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jonbaldvinSigmund2.jpg\")