{"id":2536,"date":"2020-06-02T09:36:04","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T09:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=2536"},"modified":"2020-09-22T13:24:20","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T13:24:20","slug":"varist-hraedsluarodur-handbok-um-endurheimt-thjodareignar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=2536","title":{"rendered":"VARIST HR\u00c6\u00d0SLU\u00c1R\u00d3\u00d0UR -Handb\u00f3k um endurheimt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areignar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En \u00fea\u00f0 eru fleiri spurningar sem vakna af \u00feessu tilefni. Tilgangur \u00feessarar greinar er a\u00f0 svara \u00feeim eftir bestu getu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. HVERS VEGNA AFLAMARKSKERFI, sem \u00ed daglegu tali kallast kv\u00f3takerfi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 var teki\u00f0 upp og fest \u00ed sessi, \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1983, 1988 og 1990, er einf\u00f6ld. Fiskifr\u00e6\u00f0ingar v\u00f6ru\u00f0u \u00edtreka\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 frj\u00e1ls s\u00f3kn stefndi helstu nytjastofnum \u00ed h\u00e6ttu vegna ofvei\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 yr\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 takmarka s\u00f3knina. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var\u00f0 s\u00fa a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 yr\u00f0i a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0 s\u00e9r fiskvei\u00f0istj\u00f3rnina. \u00cd framkv\u00e6md gefur r\u00edki\u00f0 \u00fat tilskipanir um h\u00e1marksafla fyrir hvern nytjastofn me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i a\u00f0 vei\u00f0arnar yr\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rar. Anna\u00f0 meginmarkmi\u00f0i\u00f0 var a\u00f0 auka ar\u00f0semi greinarinnar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja minni afla me\u00f0 f\u00e6rri skipum og minni tilkostna\u00f0i. \u00deetta er hvorki meira n\u00e9 minna en bylting \u00ed atvinnuh\u00e1ttum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar sem l\u00f6ngum hefur byggt afkomu s\u00edna \u00e1 frj\u00e1lsum og takmarkalausum vei\u00f0um. Aflei\u00f0ingarnar hafa veri\u00f0 dj\u00fapst\u00e6\u00f0ar og langvarandi, einkum \u00ed m\u00f6rgum sj\u00e1varpl\u00e1ssum \u00e1 landsbygg\u00f0inni, ekki s\u00edst \u00e1 Vestfj\u00f6r\u00f0um.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

2. EN ER FRAMSALI\u00d0 NAU\u00d0SYNLEGT?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Framsali\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nar \u00f6\u00f0ru meginmarkmi\u00f0i kerfisins, nefnilega a\u00f0 f\u00e6kka skipum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja takmarka\u00f0an afla og draga \u00feannig \u00far kostna\u00f0i. Af \u00fev\u00ed lei\u00f0ir aukin hagkv\u00e6mni og ar\u00f0semi. Me\u00f0 skiptum \u00e1 vei\u00f0iheimildum geta \u00fatger\u00f0armenn auki\u00f0 s\u00e9rh\u00e6fni.  \u00deannig hafa vei\u00f0iheimildirnar, sem upphaflega var \u00fathluta\u00f0 \u00feeim sem \u00e1 vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unar\u00e1rum h\u00f6f\u00f0u gert \u00fat, skipt um eigendur. Fj\u00f6lmargir \u00fatger\u00f0armenn hafa veri\u00f0 keyptir \u00fat \u00far greininni. Sm\u00e1m saman hafa vei\u00f0iheimildirnar safnast \u00e1 \u00e6 f\u00e6rri hendur. \u00deetta er einn helsti galli \u00f3breytts kerfis, sem og a\u00f0 n\u00fdli\u00f0un \u00ed greininni er torveld.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. EN HVERS VEGNA VORU AU\u00d0LINDAGJ\u00d6LD EKKI L\u00d6G\u00d0 \u00c1 STRAX ME\u00d0 FRAMSALINU?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma haf\u00f0i engin au\u00f0lindarenta<\/strong> myndast sem andlag vei\u00f0ileyfagjalds.  Sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegurinn var \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma sokkinn \u00ed skuldir eftir langvarandi fj\u00e1rfestingafyller\u00ed fyrri \u00e1ra.  Flotinn var alltof st\u00f3r. \u00dea\u00f0 var samdr\u00e1ttarskei\u00f0 1988 \u2013 94, minnkandi afli og versnandi vi\u00f0skiptakj\u00f6r. Flest \u00fatger\u00f0arfyrirt\u00e6ki voru rekin me\u00f0 tapi. Framsali\u00f0 var heimila\u00f0 til a\u00f0 hra\u00f0a hagr\u00e6\u00f0ingu \u00ed greininni \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00fan st\u00e6\u00f0i framvegis undir au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ldum. \u00deetta t\u00f3k nokkur \u00e1r. N\u00e6stu \u00e1rin var lagt \u00e1 s\u00e9rstakt \u201e\u00fer\u00f3unargjald\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 rann \u00ed \u00fareldingasj\u00f3\u00f0 fiskiskipa og \u00e1tti sinn \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed b\u00e6ttri afkomu \u00fatger\u00f0arinnar. \u00deegar lei\u00f0 n\u00e6r aldm\u00f3tunum 2000 f\u00f3r u\u00f0lindarentan vaxandi \u00ed skj\u00f3li takmarka\u00f0rar s\u00f3knar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. HVER ER \u00c1RANGURINN?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 me\u00f0 kerfinu var sem \u00e1\u00f0ur sag\u00f0i tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e6tt: 1) Sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rar vei\u00f0ar 2) aukin ar\u00f0semi. \u00c1rangurinn telst vera vi\u00f0unandi. \u00dea\u00f0 eru engir nytjastofnar innan l\u00f6gs\u00f6gunnar taldir vera \u00ed \u00fatr\u00fdmingarh\u00e6ttu. Samt hefur ekki tekist a\u00f0 auka afrakstur helstu nytjastofna til jafns vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem mest var \u00e1 li\u00f0inni \u00f6ld. Vei\u00f0arnar eru \u00fev\u00ed sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rar \u00fe\u00f3tt afraksturinn s\u00e9 minni en \u00feegar mest var \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr. En ar\u00f0semi vei\u00f0anna er me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed besta sem gerist \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00e6st eing\u00f6ngu \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feakka a\u00f0 r\u00edkisvaldi\u00f0 hefur takmarka\u00f0 s\u00f3knina. \u00cd \u00feeim skilningi eru vei\u00f0iheimildirnar einkaleyfi. Handhafar \u00feeirra \u00f6\u00f0last einkar\u00e9tt sem stendur ekki nein \u00f3gn af samkeppni. \u00deannig myndast nokku\u00f0 sem heitir \u201eau\u00f0lindarenta\u201c sem er undirsta\u00f0a au\u00f0lindagjalda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. HVA\u00d0 ER AU\u00d0LINDARRENTA?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au\u00f0lindarentan ver\u00f0ur til \u00ed skj\u00f3li takmarka\u00f0rar s\u00f3knar. Henni var \u00e1\u00f0ur eytt me\u00f0 takmarkalausri s\u00f3kn og h\u00f6mlulausri samkeppni. \u00deegar \u00fatger\u00f0in hefur greitt allan kostna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vei\u00f0arnar (fj\u00e1rfestingar- og rekstrarkostna\u00f0, afborganir af l\u00e1num, hlut sj\u00f3manna, ol\u00edu og vei\u00f0af\u00e6rakostna\u00f0, skatta og gj\u00f6ld) stendur eftir au\u00f0lindarenta, \u00ed skj\u00f3li takmarka\u00f0rar s\u00f3knar. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feetta sem sk\u00fdrir st\u00f3rb\u00e6tta ar\u00f0semi vei\u00f0anna. Deilur s.l. \u00e1ratugi um au\u00f0lindargj\u00f6ld sn\u00faast fyrst og fremst um r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun au\u00f0lindarentunnar. Tilheyrir h\u00fan eiganda au\u00f0lindarinnar, sem hefur takmarka\u00f0 s\u00f3knina, og \u00fear me\u00f0 auki\u00f0 ar\u00f0semina? E\u00f0a tilheyrir h\u00fan \u00fatger\u00f0armanninum, sem f\u00e9kk sinn n\u00fdtingarr\u00e9tt \u00ed skj\u00f3li takmarka\u00f0rar s\u00f3knar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 seinustu aldam\u00f3tum hefur au\u00f0lindarrentan numi\u00f0 tugum milljar\u00f0a kr\u00f3na \u00e1 \u00e1ri a\u00f0 me\u00f0altali. \u00c1l\u00f6g\u00f0 au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld hafa hins vegar sjaldnast duga\u00f0 fyrir kostna\u00f0i r\u00edkisins af \u00fej\u00f3nustu vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1var\u00fatveginn (hafnir, hafranns\u00f3knir, landhelgisg\u00e6sla, fiskvei\u00f0istj\u00f3rnunin o.s.frv.). \u00c1 sama t\u00edma hafa vei\u00f0iheimildirnar safnast \u00e1 \u00e6 f\u00e6rri hendur, uns n\u00fa er svo komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6kjasamsteypur fimm fj\u00f6lskyldna r\u00e1\u00f0a yfir meira en helmingi allra vei\u00f0iheimilda. \u00deessar fj\u00f6lskyldur hafa teki\u00f0 au\u00f0lindarrentuna til s\u00edn \u00ed skj\u00f3li p\u00f3lit\u00edsks valds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. ER AU\u00d0LINDAGJALD SKATTUR \u00c1 LANDSBYGG\u00d0INA?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au\u00f0lindagjald er ekki skattur heldur s\u00e9rstakt n\u00fdtingargjald. \u00deetta sk\u00fdrist best me\u00f0 einfaldri saml\u00edkingu. S\u00e1 sem leigir h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i borgar leigugjald fyrir afnotin. En hann hefur ekki \u00fear me\u00f0  keypt \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ina, n\u00e9 heldur hefur hann r\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 selja hana, ve\u00f0setja hana, leigja \u00f6\u00f0rum e\u00f0a arflei\u00f0a afkomendur s\u00edna a\u00f0 henni. Leigugjald fyrir afnot af \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0inni myndar m.\u00f6.o. ekki l\u00f6gvarinn eignar\u00e9tt og er t\u00edmabundi\u00f0.  H\u00faseigandinn getur sagt leigjandanum upp.  Au\u00f0lindagjald er \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um ekki skattur og \u00fe.a.l ekki skattur \u00e1 landsbygg\u00f0ina.  \u00dear sem au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld renna \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0 eins og t.d. \u00ed Alaska og Noregi, er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0urinn sameign \u00edb\u00faanna og kemur \u00f6llum a\u00f0 notum, ekki s\u00edst landsbygg\u00f0inni \u00feegar honum er vari\u00f0 til uppbyggingar innvi\u00f0a (samg\u00f6ngur, heilbrig\u00f0iskerfi, menntastofnanir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. HVERNIG \u00c1 A\u00d0 \u00c1KVAR\u00d0A AU\u00d0LINDAGJ\u00d6LD?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hvernig eru au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0? \u00dea\u00f0 eru einkum tv\u00e6r a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir sem koma til greina: 1) a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lamenn \u00e1kvar\u00f0i au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld fr\u00e1 \u00e1ri til \u00e1rs e\u00f0a 2) a\u00f0 vei\u00f0iheimildirnar ver\u00f0i bo\u00f0nar upp \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fatger\u00f0armenn sj\u00e1lfir skilgreini hva\u00f0 \u00feeir eru rei\u00f0ub\u00fanir til a\u00f0 borga fyrir einkaleyfi. \u00cdslendingar hafa hinga\u00f0 til vali\u00f0 fyrri kostinn. \u00dea\u00f0 b\u00fd\u00f0ur heim p\u00f3lit\u00edskri spillingu af verstu sort, eins og al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg reynsla, sem og okkar eigin, sta\u00f0festir.  Miklum au\u00f0i fylgja mikil v\u00f6ld og \u00e1hrif. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00f6ngum lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 handhafar vei\u00f0iheimildanna hafa gr\u00ed\u00f0arleg p\u00f3lit\u00edsk \u00e1hrif, \u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6munum heima fyrir og \u00e1 Al\u00feingi.  \u00deess vegna hafa au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ldin einungis veri\u00f0 til m\u00e1lamynda hinga\u00f0 til. Al\u00feingi hefur s\u00fdnt sig a\u00f0 vera \u00f3f\u00e6rt um a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta almannahagsmuna \u00ed \u00feessu m\u00e1li.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. UPPBO\u00d0SLEI\u00d0IN ER MARKA\u00d0SLAUSN: HVERS VEGNA EKKI A\u00d0 BEITA HENNI?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f6kin fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafna uppbo\u00f0slei\u00f0inni voru \u00feau fyrst og fremst, a\u00f0 henni fylgir a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru j\u00f6fnu mikil sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun vei\u00f0iheimilda nema s\u00e9rstaklega s\u00e9u settar skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed. Reynslan s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun vei\u00f0iheimilda hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00f3breyttu kerfi. Spurningin sn\u00fdst \u00fev\u00ed um \u00fea\u00f0, hvers konar reglur eigi a\u00f0 setja sem takmarka sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun vei\u00f0iheimilda. Setja ver\u00f0ur strangar reglur um h\u00e1mark vei\u00f0iheimilda \u00ed hlut hvers fyrirt\u00e6kis og fylgja \u00feeim eftir me\u00f0 \u00f6flugu eftirliti. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur brug\u00f0ist algerlega h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Vi\u00f0 eigum a\u00f0 kynna okkur reynslu F\u00e6reyingja, sem hafa fari\u00f0 uppbo\u00f0slei\u00f0ina \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum. Vi\u00f0 getum einnig l\u00e6rt miki\u00f0 af reynslu Nor\u00f0manna, sem sett hafa \u00edtarlega l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f um samf\u00e9lagslega \u00e1byrg\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6kja \u00ed sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegi. Tilgangurinn er a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 ar\u00f0urinn af fiskvei\u00f0um skili s\u00e9r til bygg\u00f0arlaga \u00e1 landsbygg\u00f0inni \u00fear sem sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegurinn er bur\u00f0ar\u00e1s atvinnul\u00edfsins. E\u00f0lilegt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 fela stofnun eins og \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0hagsstofnun var a\u00f0 reikna upph\u00e6\u00f0 au\u00f0lindarentunnar \u00e1 \u00e1ri hverju \u00feannig a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00e6ttum \u00feeim lei\u00f0a \u00e1vana a\u00f0 r\u00edfast um sta\u00f0reyndir. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 teljast fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 byggja \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld \u00e1 \u00fareltum uppl\u00fdsingum eins og h\u00e9r t\u00ed\u00f0kast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. HVA\u00d0 ER \u00deJ\u00d3\u00d0ARSJ\u00d3\u00d0UR?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cd grein minni Um Alaskam\u00f3deli\u00f0<\/a> kom fram a\u00f0 ol\u00edulindirnar \u00ed Alaska eru l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt, sameign Alaskab\u00faa og a\u00f0 tekjur fylkisins af ol\u00eduvinnslunni renna a\u00f0 st\u00e6rstum hluta \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0 en a\u00f0 hluta er \u00feeim dreift til allra \u00edb\u00faa fylkisins me\u00f0 reglubundnum beingrei\u00f0slum. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0urinn er fj\u00e1rfestingarsj\u00f3\u00f0ur, sem skilar ar\u00f0i og v\u00f6xtum. \u00deannig munu Alaskab\u00faar nj\u00f3ta ar\u00f0s af au\u00f0lindinni, jafnvel eftir a\u00f0 h\u00fan er \u00ferotin. Svipa\u00f0a s\u00f6gu er a\u00f0 segja af Nor\u00f0m\u00f6nnum. Tekjur norska r\u00edkisins af ol\u00edu- og gasau\u00f0lindum Noregs hafa n\u00fa br\u00e1\u00f0um \u00ed h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld runni\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9rstakan \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0 sem er st\u00e6rsti fj\u00e1rfestingarsj\u00f3\u00f0ur \u00ed heimi.   S\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fearf a\u00f0 n\u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskri s\u00e1tt um \u00fea\u00f0, hvernig \u00feessum miklu fj\u00e1rmunum ver\u00f0i best vari\u00f0 me\u00f0 hagsmuni allrar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar fyrir augum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. ER R\u00cdKI\u00d0 B\u00d3TASKYLT EF \u00daTHLUTUN VEI\u00d0IHEIMILDA VER\u00d0UR BREYTT?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svari\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feessari spurningu er kl\u00e1rt og kvitt: NEI. R\u00edki\u00f0 er ekki b\u00f3taskylt. Lagatextinn, og vilji l\u00f6ggjafans \u00fear me\u00f0, er sk\u00fdr. \u00cd 1. grein laga (1990) um stj\u00f3rn fiskvei\u00f0a segir: \u201e\u00dathlutun vei\u00f0iheimilda samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum \u00feessum mynda ekki eignarr\u00e9tt <\/strong>e\u00f0a \u00f3afturkallanlegt forr\u00e6\u00f0i <\/strong>einstakra a\u00f0ila yfir vei\u00f0iheimildum\u201c. Sk\u00fdring \u00e1 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00feessa \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0is \u00ed nefndar\u00e1liti hlj\u00f3\u00f0ar svo: \u201eLagt er til a\u00f0 b\u00e6tt ver\u00f0i inn \u00ed 1. gr. til \u00e1hersluaukningar<\/strong> \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fear sem \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt er teki\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00fathlutun vei\u00f0iheimilda skv. l\u00f6gunum stofni ekki eignarr\u00e9tt<\/strong> n\u00e9 sker\u00f0i forr\u00e6\u00f0i l\u00f6ggjafans<\/strong> til a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0a s\u00ed\u00f0ar, \u00e1n b\u00f3taskyldu<\/strong> til einstakra \u00fatger\u00f0a, breytingu \u00e1 fyrirkomulagi vi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rn fiskvei\u00f0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Margir \u00f3ttast a\u00f0 d\u00f3msst\u00f3lar kunni a\u00f0 l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fatger\u00f0armenn hafi \u00e1unni\u00f0 s\u00e9r hef\u00f0arr\u00e9tt yfir vei\u00f0iheimildunum, \u00ed skj\u00f3li a\u00f0ger\u00f0aleysis Al\u00feingis. En d\u00f3msst\u00f3lar hafa teki\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessu \u00e1litaefni. \u00cd d\u00f3mi H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar nr. 12\/2000 segir m.a.: \u201eTil \u00feess ver\u00f0ur og a\u00f0 l\u00edta a\u00f0 skv. 3. m\u00e1lsli\u00f0 1. gr. laganna myndar \u00fathlutun vei\u00f0iheimilda ekki eignar\u00e9tt<\/strong> e\u00f0a \u00f3afturkallanlegt forr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/strong> einstakra manna yfir \u00feeim, eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir.\u201c…\u201c\u00cd skj\u00f3li valdheimilda sinna getur Al\u00feingi kve\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e1nar \u00e1 um r\u00e9ttinn til fiskvei\u00f0a, bundi\u00f0 hann skilyr\u00f0um<\/strong> e\u00f0a innheimt fyrir hann frekara f\u00e9gjald<\/strong> en n\u00fa er gert, vegna breyttrar sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0a um r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun \u00feeirrar sameignar \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar sem nytjastofnar \u00e1 \u00cdslandsmi\u00f0um eru.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deurfum vi\u00f0 frekar vitnanna vi\u00f0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. VARIST HR\u00c6\u00d0SLU\u00c1R\u00d3\u00d0UR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dea\u00f0 eru gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegir hagsmunir \u00ed h\u00fafi. \u00deeir sem hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 ofurr\u00edkir, \u00ed skj\u00f3li p\u00f3lit\u00edsks valds, \u00ed \u00f3breyttu kerfi mun skirrast einskis vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 hr\u00e6\u00f0a almenning fr\u00e1 \u00f6llum till\u00f6gum um r\u00f3tt\u00e6kar breytingar. Tilraunir til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 samningum, um innk\u00f6llun l\u00edtils brots af vei\u00f0iheimildum \u00e1 \u00e1ri hverju (t\u00e6ki allt a\u00f0 40 \u00e1r!) hafa veri\u00f0 reyndar, \u00e1n \u00e1rangurs. Hr\u00e6\u00f0slu\u00e1r\u00f3\u00f0ri ver\u00f0ur miskunarlaust beitt um a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindagj\u00f6ld, sem taki mi\u00f0 af marka\u00f0sa\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um, s\u00e9u skattur \u00e1 landsbygg\u00f0ina. Fyrirt\u00e6kin ver\u00f0i l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00ed r\u00fast, fj\u00f6ldaatvinnuleysi taki vi\u00f0 og fiskmarka\u00f0ir erlendis ver\u00f0i \u00ed h\u00e6ttu. Allt \u00feetta og fleira til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar ver\u00f0ur nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 hr\u00e6\u00f0a f\u00f3lk fr\u00e1 raunh\u00e6fum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um. Kannski eru a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a seinustu forv\u00f6\u00f0 til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 m\u00e1linu af festu, \u00e1\u00f0ur en au\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 leysir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 af h\u00f3lmi. \u00de\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur of seint a\u00f0 spyrja \u201ehverjir eiga \u00cdsland?\u201c Svari\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 ekki lengur \u00ed okkar h\u00f6ndum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. EN HVA\u00d0 ME\u00d0 STJ\u00d3RNARSKR\u00c1NA?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fyrir liggur a\u00f0 yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar vill a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindir hennar ver\u00f0i l\u00fdstar \u00e6varandi sameign \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar \u00ed n\u00fdrri stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 tryggja me\u00f0 varanlegum h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 einkaa\u00f0ilar, innlendir og erlendir, geti ekki s\u00f6lsa\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r undir sig. \u00cd \u00e1tta \u00e1r hefur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in be\u00f0i\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi tryggi a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arviljinn f\u00e1i a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur ekki tekist hinga\u00f0 til. Vi\u00f0 ver\u00f0um a\u00f0 vera s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 ver\u00f0i gagnvart \u00f6llum tilraunum til m\u00e1lami\u00f0lunar sem ekkert hald er \u00ed. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f3fr\u00e1v\u00edkjanleg krafa a\u00f0 gildandi laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um a\u00f0 vei\u00f0iheimildir s\u00e9u t\u00edmabundnar og myndi hvorki l\u00f6gvarinn eignar\u00e9tt n\u00e9 b\u00f3taskyldu \u00e1 r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00feeim breytt e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e6r afturkallanlegar, standi \u00f3h\u00f6ggu\u00f0 sem og a\u00f0 gjaldtaka fyrir afnotar\u00e9ttinn taki mi\u00f0 af marka\u00f0sa\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. OG AU\u00d0LINDIRNAR ERU FLEIRI – EN ERU \u00de\u00c6R OKKAR?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdslendingar eru r\u00edk \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum.  \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 ekki bara vi\u00f0 um helstu nytjastofna innan fiskvei\u00f0il\u00f6gs\u00f6gunnar.  \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um orkulindirnar, \u00ed fallv\u00f6tnum og jar\u00f0hita. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um landi\u00f0 og vatni\u00f0, fyrir utan n\u00e1tt\u00faruperlurnar, sem munu \u00e1fram la\u00f0a a\u00f0 fer\u00f0amenn, \u00feegar veirufaraldrinum linnir.  En \u00fea\u00f0 skortir miki\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar hafi m\u00f3ta\u00f0 s\u00e9r frams\u00fdna au\u00f0lindastefnu. Krafan um a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in f\u00e1i noti\u00f0 ar\u00f0s af fiskvei\u00f0iau\u00f0lindinni er \u00fev\u00ed bara hluti af st\u00e6rra m\u00e1li, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sama m\u00e1li gegnir um a\u00f0rar au\u00f0lindir okkar l\u00edka.  \u00deess sj\u00e1st n\u00fa \u00feegar merki a\u00f0 jafnt innlendir sem erlendir gr\u00f3\u00f0af\u00edklar seilist eftir eignahaldi \u00e1 l\u00f6ndum og orkulindum, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in hafi varann \u00e1 og \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld breg\u00f0ist vi\u00f0, svo sem vera b\u00e6ri. Og \u00fea\u00f0 er stutt \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 vatni\u00f0 – t\u00e6rt og \u00f3menga\u00f0 \u2013 ver\u00f0i eftirs\u00f3ttasta au\u00f0lind \u00cdslands.  N\u00fa \u00feegar er svo komi\u00f0 \u00ed heiminum a\u00f0 vatnsskortur herjar \u00e1 \u00edb\u00faa margra st\u00e6rstu borga heimsins.  Framundan er miskunarlaust kapphlaup um a\u00f0 komast yfir eignarhald \u00e1 og umr\u00e1\u00f0 yfir vatnslindum. \u00dea\u00f0 er kominn t\u00edmi til a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar vakni af dvala s\u00ednum og taki til \u00feeirra r\u00e1\u00f0a sem duga \u00ed t\u00e6ka t\u00ed\u00f0 til a\u00f0 tryggja eignarhald sitt \u00e1 au\u00f0lindum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                   …………………………………………………………………….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cd fyrri grein minni um Alaskaar\u00f0inn og \u00cdslandsarfinn lag\u00f0i \u00e9g til a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarandsta\u00f0an t\u00e6ki n\u00fa h\u00f6ndum saman um heildst\u00e6\u00f0a og framkv\u00e6manlega a\u00f0ger\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00e6tlun um nau\u00f0synlegar breytingar \u00e1 fiskvei\u00f0istj\u00f3rnuninni, eins og h\u00e9r hefur veri\u00f0 l\u00fdst, til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in nj\u00f3ti framvegis ar\u00f0s af au\u00f0lind sinni. \u00deessa a\u00f0ger\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00e6tlun ber a\u00f0 leggja fram \u00ed frumvarpsformi \u00e1 Al\u00feingi. \u00dear me\u00f0 v\u00e6ri l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 n\u00e6stu kosningar yr\u00f0u \u00ed reynd \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0sla um m\u00e1li\u00f0. Fyrir liggur a\u00f0 yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar sty\u00f0ur m\u00e1li\u00f0.   M\u00e1li\u00f0 er br\u00fdnt og m\u00e1lssta\u00f0urinn g\u00f6fugur. Vilji er allt sem \u00fearf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Greinarh\u00f6fundur er h\u00f6fundur b\u00f3karinnar <\/em>T\u00e6pitungulaust: L\u00edfssko\u00f0un jafna\u00f0armanns (HB Av 2019) \u00fear sem \u00edtarlegar er fjalla\u00f0 um au\u00f0lindastefnu jafna\u00f0armanna).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grein m\u00edn Um Alaskaar\u00f0inn og \u00cdslandsarfinn<\/a>, sem birtist \u00ed Kjarnanum 25.05., hefur vaki\u00f0 miklar umr\u00e6\u00f0ur og margar spurningar, m.a. um \u00fea\u00f0 hvers vegna laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign \u00e1 au\u00f0lindinni og r\u00e9tt eigandans til gjaldt\u00f6ku fyrir n\u00fdtingarr\u00e9tt vir\u00f0ast vera haldlaus \u00ed framkv\u00e6md. F\u00f3lk spyr sig \u00ed forundran, hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 vera a\u00f0 t\u00edmabundnar vei\u00f0iheimildir sem l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt mynda aldrei l\u00f6gvarinn eignarr\u00e9tt eru \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0in me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0ar sem einkaeign. \u00de\u00e6r eru ve\u00f0settar fyrir l\u00e1num og ganga loks a\u00f0 erf\u00f0um. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2536"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2823,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2536\/revisions\/2823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}