{"id":3076,"date":"2021-07-01T11:17:15","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T11:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3076"},"modified":"2021-08-21T11:19:42","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T11:19:42","slug":"endurreist-sjalfstaedi-eystrasaltsthjoda-var-upphafid-ad-endalokum-sovetrikjanna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3076","title":{"rendered":"“Endurreist sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a var upphafi\u00f0 a\u00f0 endalokum Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

segir J\u00f3n Baldvin Hannibalsson, fv. utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0aherra \u00cdslands<\/em><\/strong> \u00ed vi\u00f0tali vi\u00f0 r\u00edkissj\u00f3nvarpi\u00f0 \u00ed Lit\u00e1en<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u00c9g ver\u00f0 aldrei svo gamall, a\u00f0 \u00e9g geti gleymt \u00feeirri l\u00edfsreynslu a\u00f0 vera me\u00f0 ykkur \u00ed Viln\u00edus \u00feessa \u00f6rlagar\u00edku daga og n\u00e6tur \u00ed jan\u00faar 1991, \u00feegar Rau\u00f0i herinn haf\u00f0i fengi\u00f0 fyrirm\u00e6li um a\u00f0 brj\u00f3ta sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isbar\u00e1ttu ykkar \u00e1 bak aftur me\u00f0 valdi. \u00dearna var\u00f0 \u00e9g vitni a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, hvernig vopnlaus \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 gat me\u00f0 viljastyrk og \u00e6\u00f0ruleysi kn\u00fai\u00f0 ofbeldi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta undan s\u00edga \u00e1 seinustu stundu. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en s\u00ed\u00f0ar, sem vi\u00f0 skildum til fulls,  a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vorum \u00fearna vitni a\u00f0 s\u00f6gulegum t\u00edmam\u00f3tum. \u00deegar l\u00f6greglur\u00edki\u00f0 heykist \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 beita valdi af \u00f3tta vi\u00f0 bl\u00f3\u00f0ba\u00f0i\u00f0, eru dagar \u00feess taldir\u201c \u2013 segir J\u00f3n Baldvin, sem var eini erlendi stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lama\u00f0urinn, sem br\u00e1st vi\u00f0 kalli Landsbergis um a\u00f0 s\u00fdna samst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed verki me\u00f0 n\u00e6rveru sinni.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Sp. \u00cd n\u00fd\u00fatkominni b\u00f3k \u00feinni \u00e1 lit\u00e1isku, \u00ed tilefni af 30 \u00e1ra afm\u00e6li okkar endurheimta sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is, fjallar \u00fe\u00fa m.a. um hlut \u00cdslands vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 afla n\u00fdfengnu frelsi okkar vi\u00f0urkenningar al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamf\u00e9lagsins; \u00fe\u00fa fjallar um getu sm\u00e1\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a til a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta hagsmuna sinna \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamf\u00e9laginu; um tilvistarvanda Evr\u00f3pusambandsis; og um norr\u00e6na samf\u00e9lagsm\u00f3deli\u00f0 sem valkost vi\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjuna. En \u00fe\u00fa fjallar l\u00edka heilmiki\u00f0 um R\u00fassland. \u00deurfa Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0irnar enn a\u00f0 \u00f3ttast \u00e1gengni R\u00fassa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SV.<\/strong> \u00c1 t\u00edmabili Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins var NATO \u00f6ryggis- og varnarbandalag l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isrikjanna beggja vegna Atlantshafs. \u00dea\u00f0 bj\u00f3 yfir \u00feeim f\u00e6lingarm\u00e6tti, sem dug\u00f0i til a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6ryggi, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 hleypa af einu skoti. \u00dear kom, a\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin \u00feraut erindi\u00f0 og \u00feau leystust upp \u00ed frumparta s\u00edna \u2013 blessunarlega, a\u00f0 mestu fri\u00f0samlega. \u00dei\u00f0 eru\u00f0 n\u00fa fullgildir a\u00f0ilar a\u00f0 \u00feessu \u00e1rangursr\u00edka varnarbandalagi. Beri\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0u ykkar vi\u00f0 upphaf Seinni heimsstyrjaldar, \u00feegar \u00fei\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0u\u00f0 ein og varnarlaus frammi fyrir grimmilegu ofbeldi, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u00fdsku Nazistanna og Rau\u00f0a hersins. H\u00e9r er engu saman a\u00f0 jafna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ekkert varir a\u00f0 eil\u00edfu. Hinn sameiginlegi \u00f3vinur \u00e1 h\u00e1lfrar aldar skei\u00f0i  kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins, er ekki lengur til. R\u00fassland dreymir enn\u00fe\u00e1 um a\u00f0 endurreisa n\u00fdlenduveldi\u00f0. En \u00fev\u00ed t\u00edmabili er loki\u00f0. Bandar\u00edkin eru risaveldi me\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00f0fe\u00f0mt herst\u00f6\u00f0vanet v\u00edtt og breitt um hn\u00f6ttinn. K\u00edna er r\u00edsandi risaveldi me\u00f0 hnattr\u00e6n \u00e1hrif. Hvert ver\u00f0ur hlutverk  Evr\u00f3pu a\u00f0 loknu n\u00fdlenduveldisskei\u00f0inu  \u00ed \u00feessu n\u00fdja landslagi heimsstj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la? Undir engum kringumst\u00e6\u00f0um er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1s\u00e6ttanlegt, a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pa ver\u00f0i undird\u00e1nugur verktaki, sem l\u00e6tur s\u00e9r s\u00e6ma a\u00f0 vinna sk\u00edtverk \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu vanhugsa\u00f0rar og misheppna\u00f0rar utanr\u00edkisstefnu Bandar\u00edkjanna, eins og t.d. \u00ed Afganistan, \u00cdrak, Palest\u00ednu og v\u00ed\u00f0ar. N\u00e9 heldur getur Evr\u00f3pa veri\u00f0 \u00feekkt fyrir a\u00f0 leggja lag sitt vi\u00f0 gerspillta einr\u00e6\u00f0isherra og ar\u00f0r\u00e6ningja \u00ed Arabaheiminum og v\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0arhagsmunir Evr\u00f3pur\u00edkja \u00e1 \u201epost-colonial\u201c skei\u00f0i fara ekki alltaf saman vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0skiptahagsmuni e\u00f0a valdstreitu\u00fe\u00f6rf amer\u00edska risaveldisins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ef og \u00feegar a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed kemur, a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin dragi sig til baka fr\u00e1 Evr\u00f3pu, \u00fe\u00e1 er kominn t\u00edmi til a\u00f0 \u201eEvr\u00f3pa taki \u00f6rl\u00f6g s\u00edn \u00ed eigin hendur\u201c, eins og mamma Merkel komst a\u00f0 or\u00f0i \u00ed framhaldi af h\u00f3tunum Trumps um, a\u00f0 s\u00e1 t\u00edmi v\u00e6ri upprunninn. Hefur Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 ekki alla bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6ryggi og sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkja, ef til \u00feess kemur? Vissulega hefur Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0. En n\u00fdtur Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edskrar forystu, sem hefur vilja og bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 axla \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1byrg\u00f0? \u00dev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki svo \u00feessa stundina. En \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 mun reyna fyrr en varir. \u00d6ryggi Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a frammi fyrir r\u00fassneskri \u00e1gengni mun r\u00e1\u00f0ast af \u00fev\u00ed, hvort Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 r\u00eds undir v\u00e6ntingum um m\u00f3tun og framkv\u00e6md sameiginlegrar varnar- og \u00f6ryggisstefnu. \u00deetta er aflei\u00f0ingin af \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 lei\u00f0togar Vesturveldanna, fyrir 30 \u00e1rum, l\u00e9tu s\u00e9r \u00far greipum ganga t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 fall Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna til a\u00f0 veita l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00f6flunum \u00ed R\u00fasslandi mass\u00edvan stu\u00f0ning til a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edki\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta r\u00f3tum \u00ed r\u00fassneskum jar\u00f0vegi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00de\u00e1 (1991-92) \u00e1tti a\u00f0 nota t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri\u00f0 og veita R\u00fasslandi a\u00f0ra \u201eMarshall\u00e1\u00e6tlun\u201c til a\u00f0 byggja \u00fear upp stofnanir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkis  \u00e1 r\u00fastum komm\u00fanismans. Hef\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 gert, v\u00e6ri R\u00fassland ekki \u00ed dag h\u00e6ttulegt n\u00e1gr\u00f6nnum s\u00ednum. Skamms\u00fdnin sem \u00feessu r\u00e9\u00f0i mun reynast okkur d\u00fdrkeypt. R\u00fassnesku valdast\u00e9ttina dreymir n\u00fa fort\u00ed\u00f0ardrauma um endurreisn n\u00fdlenduveldisins \u2013 r\u00fassneskt \u00e1hrifasv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed n\u00e6rumhverfinu.  En R\u00fassland er ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sama og Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin voru. Evr\u00f3pa hefur alla bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 \u00feennan samb\u00fa\u00f0arvanda,sem n\u00fa sn\u00fdst a\u00f0allega um framt\u00ed\u00f0 Ukrainu. \u00dea\u00f0 sem skortir er p\u00f3lit\u00edsk forysta. Hverjir eru helstu s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingarnir \u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 R\u00fassa fyrir h\u00f6nd NATO og Evr\u00f3pusambandsins? \u00dea\u00f0 eru\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0. \u00dei\u00f0 sitji\u00f0 n\u00fa vi\u00f0 bor\u00f0i\u00f0, \u00fear sem stefnan er m\u00f3tu\u00f0 og \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir teknar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp. Hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 Belarus? Er Hv\u00edta R\u00fassland d\u00e6mt til a\u00f0 vera r\u00fassneskt leppr\u00edki, e\u00f0a getur \u00fea\u00f0 feta\u00f0 \u00ed sl\u00f3\u00f0 okkar, Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, \u00ed \u00e1tt til l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SV. <\/strong>Sta\u00f0an \u00ed Hv\u00edta-R\u00fasslandi er engan veginn samb\u00e6rileg vi\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0u ykkar Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a, \u00feegar \u00fei\u00f0 leitu\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00fatg\u00f6ngu \u00far \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0afangelsi Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna.Hv\u00edta R\u00fassland er a.m.k. a\u00f0 nafninu til fullvalda r\u00edki. \u00dea\u00f0 er undir Hv\u00edtr\u00fassum sj\u00e1lfum komi\u00f0,  hvort \u00feeir vilja stefna \u00ed \u00e1tt til l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is e\u00f0a s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 hlutskpti sitt sem r\u00fassneskt leppr\u00edki. N\u00e1grannar\u00edkin –  og al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 \u2013 hefur l\u00edti\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja \u00e1 \u00feessu stigi m\u00e1lsins. \u00dea\u00f0 sem \u00fei\u00f0 geti\u00f0 gert, er a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00f6flin og a\u00f0 veita fl\u00f3ttaf\u00f3lki mann\u00fa\u00f0ara\u00f0sto\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dei\u00f0 voru\u00f0 hernumdar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir og innlima\u00f0ar me\u00f0 ofbeldi \u00ed Sov\u00e9tsamveldi\u00f0. Lei\u00f0 ykkar \u00ed \u00e1ttina a\u00f0 endurheimtu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i var b\u00e6\u00f0i fri\u00f0samleg og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isleg.\u00dei\u00f0 frelsu\u00f0u\u00f0 ykkur sj\u00e1lf. \u00dea\u00f0 voru engin utana\u00f0komandi \u00f6fl, sem afhentu ykkur frelsi\u00f0 \u00e1 silfurdiski. Lei\u00f0togar Vesturveldanna voru meira a\u00f0 segja tregir \u00ed taumi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sam\u00feykkja \u00fatg\u00f6ngu ykkar \u00far Sov\u00e9tveldinu, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir h\u00e9ldu, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 mundi spilla fyrir samningum vi\u00f0 Gorbachev um endalok Kalda str\u00ed\u00f0sins. Allt var \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 misskilningi byggt, eins og reynslan s\u00fdndi s\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00dei\u00f0 eru\u00f0 n\u00fa a\u00f0ildarr\u00edki a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i NATO og Evr\u00f3pusambandinu.  \u00dei\u00f0 eigi\u00f0 a\u00f0 v\u00edsa veginn me\u00f0 hli\u00f0sj\u00f3n af eigin reynslu. \u00dei\u00f0 hafi\u00f0 gengi\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum \u00feetta allt saman me\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0um \u00e1rangri. \u00dei\u00f0 eigi\u00f0 a\u00f0 beita ykkur fyrir stu\u00f0ningi vi\u00f0 \u00b4l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00f6flin  innan Hv\u00edta R\u00fasslands.  Er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00fea\u00f0, sem \u00fei\u00f0 eru\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp. \u00dei\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar geti\u00f0 st\u00e1ta\u00f0 af elsta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feingi \u00ed heimi. \u00cdsland er almennt tali\u00f0 vera \u00ed fremstu r\u00f6\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edkja. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur varar \u00fe\u00fa v\u00ed\u00f0a vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e1 undanhaldi vegna s\u00edvaxandi misskiptingar au\u00f0s og tekna fyrir \u00e1hrif hins hnattv\u00e6dda kap\u00edtalisma , sem l\u00fdtur ekki lengur l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegri stj\u00f3rn. Eygir\u00f0u \u00feessi h\u00e6ttumerki n\u00fa \u00feegar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SV. <\/strong>\u00dea\u00f0 er r\u00e9tt sem \u00fe\u00fa segir, a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar st\u00e1ta ef elsta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feingi veraldar, sem var stofna\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 930 eftir Krist. \u00dea\u00f0 var m\u00f6rgum \u00f6ldum \u00e1\u00f0ur en hin norr\u00e6na yfirst\u00e9tt \u00e1 Bretlandseyjum stofna\u00f0i til \u00feings til a\u00f0 draga \u00far einr\u00e6\u00f0i konungsvaldsins. \u00dea\u00f0 er haft eftir biskupnum \u00ed Bremen, Adam Bede,  \u00ed ann\u00e1lum snemma  \u00e1 11tu \u00f6ld, a\u00f0 \u201e\u00edb\u00faar \u00feessarar fjarl\u00e6gu eyju s\u00e9u s\u00e9rstakir a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti, a\u00f0 \u00feeir \u00feola engan konung yfir s\u00e9r\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cd samhengi mi\u00f0aldas\u00f6gu Evr\u00f3pu var \u00feetta einst\u00f6k \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagstilraun. Tilraunin snerist um a\u00f0 skapa \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag frj\u00e1lsra manna og kvenna, sem lutu sameiginlegum l\u00f6gum en engu framkv\u00e6mdavaldi af neinu tagi.\u00dea\u00f0 var engin  r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn, ekkert emb\u00e6ttismannakerfi, enginn her, engin l\u00f6gregla og ekkert mi\u00f0stj\u00f3rnarvald af neinu tagi til a\u00f0 halda upp l\u00f6gum og reglu me\u00f0 \u00feessum \u00f3st\u00fdril\u00e1ta l\u00fd\u00f0. \u00deetta er draumur stj\u00f3rnleysingja og n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjumanna  samtimans, ekki satt?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deessi einst\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagstilraun entist \u00ed 330 \u00e1r.  Upphaflega l\u00e9t \u00feetta samf\u00e9lag stj\u00f3rnast af tveimur megin gildum: einstaklingshyggju<\/em> og j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i, <\/em> sem margir halda n\u00fa til dags, a\u00f0 s\u00e9u andst\u00e6\u00f0ur. \u00dear kom, a\u00f0 au\u00f0ur og v\u00f6ld s\u00f6fnu\u00f0ust \u00e1 f\u00e1ar hendur h\u00e9ra\u00f0s- og \u00e6ttb\u00e1lkah\u00f6f\u00f0ingja, sem \u00fe\u00f3ttust vera hafnir yfir l\u00f6gin. \u00dea\u00f0 enda\u00f0i me\u00f0 borgarastyrj\u00f6ld \u00e1 13du \u00f6ld. A\u00f0 lokum skarst Noregskonungur \u00ed leikinn. \u00dea\u00f0 t\u00f3k okkur meira en 6 aldir a\u00f0 endurheimta sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00de\u00fa spyr\u00f0 mig um veikleika l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isins \u00e1 okkar d\u00f6gum.  \u00deeir eru s\u00f6mu \u00e6ttar og h\u00e9r \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrr \u2013 nefnilega s\u00edvaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur. Tilraunin me\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum hefur n\u00fa sta\u00f0i\u00f0 yfir \u00ed 245 \u00e1r. Bandar\u00edkin eru n\u00fa \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00edki me\u00f0al \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a,  \u00fear sem misskipting au\u00f0s og valda er hva\u00f0 mest, og st\u00e9ttskipting meiri en \u00ed hinum g\u00f6mlu l\u00e9nsveldum Evr\u00f3pu.  Fj\u00f6lmargir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0issinnar \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum bera um \u00fea\u00f0 vitni \u00e1 degi hverjum, a\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 eigi \u00fear mj\u00f6g \u00ed v\u00f6k a\u00f0 verjast. Um daginn birtu 100 pr\u00f3fessorar \u00ed f\u00e9lsgv\u00edsindum vi\u00f0 bandar\u00edska h\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00e1varp til \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, \u00fear sem \u00feeir v\u00f6ru\u00f0u vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 \u00f3heyrilegur og s\u00edvaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 grafa undan undirst\u00f6\u00f0um bandar\u00edsks l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dea \u00f0 er sama sagan, hvert sem liti\u00f0 er \u00e1 \u00f6ld n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar s\u00ed\u00f0astli\u00f0na \u00e1ratugi. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin, \u00fear sem l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur helst n\u00e1\u00f0 a\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta r\u00f3tum, eru st\u00f6\u00f0ugt a\u00f0 glata v\u00f6ldum og \u00e1hrifum fyrir atbeina hnattv\u00e6\u00f0ingar fj\u00e1rmagnsins, \u00ed eigu og \u00e1 forr\u00e6\u00f0i f\u00e1rra. \u00deessi tilf\u00e6rsla au\u00f0s og valds til fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar el\u00edtu fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda , \u00e1n samf\u00e9lagslegrar og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegrar \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar, er m.a.s. farin a\u00f0 \u00f3gna sj\u00e1lfu l\u00edfr\u00edkinu. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 koma \u00feessum \u00f6flum undir samf\u00e9lagslega stj\u00f3rn, ef l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 lifa af.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp. Vi\u00f0 Lit\u00e1ar teljumst vera \u00ed h\u00f3pi \u00feeirra a\u00f0ildar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a ESB, \u00fear sem \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur er hva\u00f0 mestur. Margir \u00far r\u00f6\u00f0um hinna r\u00edku eygja h\u00e9r ekkert vandam\u00e1l \u2013 \u00feeir telja einfaldlega, a\u00f0 f\u00e1t\u00e6ktin s\u00e9 hinum f\u00e1t\u00e6ku a\u00f0 kenna. Hvernig er unnt a\u00f0 sannf\u00e6ra a\u00f0ra um, a\u00f0 \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur bitnar ekki bara \u00e1 hinum snau\u00f0u, heldur \u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu \u00ed heild?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SV. <\/strong>\u00c9g l\u00e6r\u00f0i m\u00edna hagfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Edinborgarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la hj\u00e1 andlegum arft\u00f6kum Adams Smith, h\u00f6fundar \u201eThe Wealth of Nations\u201c, sem er grundvallarrit kapitalismans. Samkv\u00e6mt kenningunni er \u00fea\u00f0 gr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i\u00f0 (e. the profit motive), sem hvetur einstaklinginn til d\u00e1\u00f0a. Gr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i\u00f0 veitir \u00f6fluga hvatningu til a\u00f0 skapa au\u00f0, og gr\u00f3\u00f0i einstaklingsins \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera hagna\u00f0ur samf\u00e9lagsins. Reynslan s\u00fdnir, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er nokku\u00f0 til \u00ed \u00feessu. Kapitalisminn hefur reynst gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega \u00f6flug framlei\u00f0sluv\u00e9l, sem ry\u00f0ur burt  hindrunum og skapar au\u00f0. M.a.s. sj\u00e1lfur Karl Marx gat ekki leynt a\u00f0d\u00e1un sinni \u00e1 \u00feessum eiginleika kapitalisma. Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkin f\u00f3ru \u00e1 hausinn, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Lenin og Stal\u00edn skildu ekki gangvirki efnahagsl\u00edfsins.                                                                                                                <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allt er \u00feetta gott og blessa\u00f0, svo langt sem \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e6r. En einn helsti galli \u00f3hefts kapitalisma –  fyrir utan \u00feessar 136 efnahagskreppur, sem heimurinn hefur \u00feurft a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 eftir Seinna str\u00ed\u00f0 \u2013 er, a\u00f0 hann hefur innbygg\u00f0a tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 safna \u00f6llum au\u00f0num \u00e1 hendur f\u00e1rra. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur reynslan l\u00edka kennt okkur. Um \u00feetta m\u00e1 vitna til fr\u00e6gra umm\u00e6la Brandeis \u2013 forseta h\u00e6star\u00e9ttar Bandar\u00edkjanna og eins af helstu  hugsu\u00f0um Roosevelt forseta  um New Deal –  en hann sag\u00f0i: \u201eVi\u00f0 getum l\u00e1ti\u00f0 au\u00f0inn safnast \u00e1 hendur f\u00e1rra \u2013 e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 getum b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i. En vi\u00f0 getum ekki haft hvort tveggja\u201c. Og Tage Erlander, lei\u00f0togi s\u00e6nskra jafna\u00f0armanna og fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra Sv\u00eda \u00ed aldarfj\u00f3r\u00f0ung \u00e1 \u00f6ldinni sem lei\u00f0, or\u00f0a\u00f0i svipa\u00f0a hugsun svona: \u201eMarka\u00f0urinn er \u00fearfur \u00fej\u00f3nn, en \u00f3\u00feolandi h\u00fasb\u00f3ndi\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjarni hins norr\u00e6na samf\u00e9lagsm\u00f3dels , sem kennt er vi\u00f0 jafna\u00f0arstefnu, (e. social democracy) er m\u00e1lami\u00f0lun milli \u00feessara tveggja \u00f6fga: marka\u00f0arins og r\u00edkisins. <\/em>Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fnum hvoru tveggja, \u00f3beislu\u00f0um kapitalisma (marka\u00f0skerfi) og allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi r\u00edkisvaldi (e. totalitarianism). Vi\u00f0 virkjum  samkeppni \u00e1 m\u00f6rku\u00f0um, \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0, innan ramma laga og reglna og undir str\u00f6ngu eftirliti. \u00deetta hvetur til au\u00f0sk\u00f6punar og tryggir samkeppnish\u00e6fni.  Hins vegar viljum vi\u00f0 bj\u00f3\u00f0a upp \u00e1 samf\u00e9lagslega \u00fej\u00f3nustu \u2013 \u00fear sem gr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00e6r ekki a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a \u2013 \u00e1 mikilv\u00e6gum samf\u00e9lagssvi\u00f0um, einmitt \u00ed nafni l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is og f\u00e9lagslegrar samheldni. \u00deetta \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 menntun og heilsug\u00e6slu, almannatryggingar, atvinnuleysistryggingar,  og  grundvallar\u00fej\u00f3nustu, eins og vegna orku, vatns og almannasamgangna. N\u00e6gilegt frambo\u00f0 af h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegum kj\u00f6rum, burts\u00e9\u00f0 fr\u00e1 sveiflum h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0ismarka\u00f0a \u2013 er hluti af \u00feessari heildarmynd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1 vinnumarka\u00f0num setjum vi\u00f0 lagarammann fyrir samningum um kaup og kj\u00f6r milli fulltr\u00faa fj\u00e1rmagnsins og\u00feeirra, sem verkin vinna. R\u00edki\u00f0 axlar \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 atvinnustefnu og sk\u00f6pun starfa \u00ed samstarfi vi\u00f0 samt\u00f6k atvinnurekenda, verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar og \u2013  n\u00fat\u00edldags \u2013  jafnvel akadem\u00edunnar,  t.d. vi\u00f0 sk\u00f6pun h\u00e1t\u00e6knistarfa og a\u00f0l\u00f6gun vinnumarka\u00f0arins a\u00f0 \u00f6rum t\u00e6knibreytingum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hvernig fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnum vi\u00f0allt \u00feetta? Me\u00f0 stigh\u00e6kkandi sk\u00f6ttum. R\u00e9ttl\u00e1tt skattkerfi byggir \u00e1 \u00feeirri grunnhugsun, a\u00f0 \u00f6ll borgum vi\u00f0 sama hlutfall af launum okkar til sameiginlegra \u00fearfa. \u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum, sem kenndir eru vi\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggju,  hafa \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin veri\u00f0 neydd \u00fat \u00ed \u201esamkeppni ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 vi\u00f0\u201c \u00ed skattam\u00e1lum, me\u00f0 \u00feeim aflei\u00f0ingum, a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagnstekjur hinna ofurr\u00edku bera miklu l\u00e6gri skatta en laun.Og fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legir au\u00f0hringar eru a\u00f0 mestu skattfrj\u00e1lsir vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 lagaramma, reglur og eftirlit um fl\u00e6\u00f0i fj\u00e1rmagns yfir landam\u00e6ri, skortir a\u00f0 mestu. Frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i Bidens, Bandar\u00edkjaforseta fyrir sk\u00f6mmu um a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 15% l\u00e1gmarkskatti \u00e1 fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0afyrirt\u00e6ki, og a\u00f0 skylda \u00feau til a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a skatta, \u00fear sem tekna er afla\u00f0, er \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingarmiki\u00f0 skref \u00ed umb\u00f3ta\u00e1tt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En  h\u00e9r er vi\u00f0 \u00f6fluga andst\u00e6\u00f0inga a\u00f0 eiga. \u00deetta mun ekki n\u00e1st \u00ed framkv\u00e6md nema me\u00f0 \u00f6flugri samst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja. M.a.s. Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 hefur innan sinna v\u00e9banda r\u00edki, sem me\u00f0 skattfr\u00ed\u00f0indum r\u00e6na \u00f6nnur r\u00edki r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tum tekjustofnum. N\u00e6gir a\u00f0 nefna sem d\u00e6mi L\u00faxemburg, Holland, \u00cdrland, Belg\u00edu, K\u00fdpur og M\u00f6ltu \u2013 o.fl. Hvorki Bandar\u00edkin n\u00e9 Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 hafa hreinan skj\u00f6ld \u00ed \u00feessum efnum. Sj\u00e1lf bera \u00feau \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 r\u00edkjandi \u00f3fremdar\u00e1standi . \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed efni sto\u00f0ar ekki a\u00f0 saka K\u00edna um a\u00f0 grafa undan al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu regluverki.  \u00cd  \u00feessu efni \u00e1 a\u00f0 bj\u00f3\u00f0a K\u00edna til samstarfs, enda fara br\u00fdnir hagsmunir flestra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja saman um a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 \u00f3beisla\u00f0an kapitalisma af \u00feessu tagi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp. \u00cd Lit\u00e1en er m\u00e6lanleg vaxandi gj\u00e1 milli hef\u00f0bundinna, \u00edhaldssamra vi\u00f0horfa og hinna frj\u00e1lslyndari, einkum \u00ed borgum. Hinir fyrrnefndu eru yfirleitt f\u00e1t\u00e6kari og s\u00ed\u00f0ur mennta\u00f0ir en hinir frj\u00e1lslyndu, sem b\u00faa a\u00f0 betri menntun og efnahag. Stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la\u00e1t\u00f6k milli \u00feessara andst\u00e6\u00f0u vi\u00f0horfa fara har\u00f0nandi.  Hva\u00f0a r\u00e1\u00f0 kannt \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 gefa af langri reynslu um \u00fea\u00f0, hvernig eigi a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i og s\u00e6tta andst\u00e6\u00f0 sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv.<\/strong> Ef r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn ykkar leita\u00f0i r\u00e1\u00f0a hj\u00e1 m\u00e9r, hvernig eigi a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i og auka samheldni \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu,  \u00fe\u00e1 er stutta svari\u00f0 einfalt. L\u00e6ri\u00f0 af norr\u00e6na m\u00f3delinu! Lengra svar, \u00fear sem kafa\u00f0 er d\u00fdpra ofan \u00ed vandam\u00e1lin, er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed n\u00fdlegri b\u00f3k minni, \u00fear sem \u00feetta er eitt helsta vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0: \u201eThe Nordic Model vs. the Neoliberal Challenge\u201c (Lambert Academic Publishing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp. S\u00f3sialdem\u00f3kratar og s\u00f3sialistar hafa veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 tapa fylgi \u00ed kosningum \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum. Lit\u00e1en og \u00cdsland eru \u00fear engin undantekning. Hvers vegna eru s\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3kratar \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu, vi\u00f0ast hvar \u00ed v\u00f6rn, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir mikinn \u00e1rangur fyrr \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0? Hvar er lausnina a\u00f0 finna?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv. <\/strong>Megin\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an er \u00feessi: Flokkar s\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3krata eru samkv\u00e6mt skilgreiningu hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar. P\u00f3lit\u00edk sn\u00fdst um v\u00f6ld. Umb\u00f3taafl s\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3kratiskra flokka er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed styrk verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi landi. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6g okkar hafa teki\u00f0 stakkaskiptum \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum fyrir okkar eigin tilverkna\u00f0 (t.d. a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 menntun og heilsug\u00e6slu) og fyrir \u00e1hrif t\u00e6knibyltingarinnar. Framlei\u00f0slui\u00f0na\u00f0ur  er farinn til K\u00edna. Vi\u00f0 st\u00f6rfum n\u00fa \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3nustu- og \u00feekkingar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi, \u00fear sem einstaklingsbundnar lausnir eru r\u00e1\u00f0andi og samheldni (solidaritet) vinnandi f\u00f3lks fer dv\u00ednandi. Au\u00f0ur og v\u00f6ld fj\u00e1rmangseigenda hefur hins vegar fari\u00f0 vaxandi. \u00deeirra er valdi\u00f0 og m\u00e1tturinn til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um  fj\u00e1rfestingar og framkv\u00e6mdir,  r\u00e1\u00f0a og reka.  Ar\u00f0ur og \u00e1hrif fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda fara hvort tveggja hra\u00f0vaxandi. Hlutur launa fer \u00f6rt minnkandi, kaupm\u00e1ttur stendur \u00ed sta\u00f0 e\u00f0a r\u00fdrnar, og \u00e1unnin r\u00e9ttindi verkaf\u00f3lks eru vi\u00f0a f\u00f3tum tro\u00f0in. Hlutfall \u00feeirra, sem eru me\u00f0limir \u00ed st\u00e9ttarf\u00e9l\u00f6gum, fer l\u00e6kkandi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 sem er a\u00f0 gerast. Fj\u00e1rmagni\u00f0 er hnattv\u00e6tt og l\u00fdtur ekki samf\u00e9lagslegri stj\u00f3rn. Vinnuafli\u00f0 er a\u00f0 st\u00e6rstum hluta sta\u00f0bundi\u00f0. Milljar\u00f0ar af \u00f6rsnau\u00f0u l\u00e1glaunaf\u00f3lki \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3unarr\u00edkjum hafa b\u00e6st vi\u00f0 vinnumarka\u00f0 heimshagkerfisins. En hlutur launa \u00ed heimshagkerfinu hefur snarl\u00e6kka\u00f0 \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagnstekjur, sem \u00fear a\u00f0 auki sni\u00f0ganga skatta \u00ed st\u00f3rum st\u00edl. Fali\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagn( \u00ed skattaparad\u00edsum) ver\u00f0ur \u00e6 st\u00e6rri hluti heimshagkerfisins. N\u00e1kv\u00e6mar t\u00f6lur eru e\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt vandfundnar, en \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegar heimildir gefa til kynna, a\u00f0 \u00feetta falda fj\u00e1rmagn kunni a\u00f0 vera n\u00fa \u00feegar \u00feri\u00f0ja st\u00e6rsta hagkerfi heimsins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allt er \u00feetta fj\u00e1rmagn utan vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkjanna og \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 leggja fram  r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tan skerf til uppbyggingar samf\u00e9lagsins. \u00deetta er \u00f3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi \u00e1n samf\u00e9lagslegrar \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar. \u00d3breytt \u00e1stand er \u00f3gnun vi\u00f0 hvort tveggja: l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0 og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e6stir jafna\u00f0armannaflokkanna \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu s\u00e1u fyrir hrun fjarm\u00e1lakerfisins og \u00fear me\u00f0 skuldakreppuna 2008\/09.  N\u00e9 heldur brug\u00f0ust \u00feeir r\u00e9tt vi\u00f0 aflei\u00f0ingunum. \u00deetta gr\u00f3f undan traustinu \u00e1 \u00feeim og verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingunni \u00ed m\u00f6rgum l\u00f6ndum. \u00c1hrif n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar voru r\u00e1\u00f0andi v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar me\u00f0 h\u00f6rmulegum aflei\u00f0ingum fyrir hina verst settu \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ef \u00e1 reynir, s\u00e6kja jafna\u00f0armannaflokkar vald sitt til \u00f6flugrar verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar. Sameiginlega geta \u00feeir kn\u00fai\u00f0 fram \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsumb\u00e6tur \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu fj\u00f6ldans, eins og reynslan s\u00fdnir.Sameiginlega getur sl\u00edk hreyfing bo\u00f0i\u00f0  fj\u00e1rmagns\u00f6flunum birginn \u2013 beisla\u00f0 kap\u00edtalismann \u2013 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu almannahagsmuna. Takist \u00fea\u00f0 ekki , er h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lin ver\u00f0i yfirbor\u00f0skennd og innihaldslaus s\u00fdndarmennska. \u00deau fara \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 sn\u00faast um \u00edmynd frekar en innihald:  um kynfer\u00f0i, kynhneig\u00f0, litarh\u00e1tt e\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0erni, e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 allt anna\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 endar oftar en ekki \u00ed falsfr\u00e9ttum, hatursumr\u00e6\u00f0u og a\u00f0 lokum \u00ed hreinum fasisma \u2013  \u00e1kallinu eftir sterka manninum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u00f0 erum n\u00fa st\u00f6dd \u00ed hra\u00f0fara t\u00e6knibyltinu og me\u00f0fylgjandi f\u00e9lagslegu umr\u00f3ti. Gervigreind og sj\u00e1lfvirkni er sm\u00e1m saman a\u00f0 taka af manninum v\u00f6ldin og breyta e\u00f0li vinnunnar. \u00deessi \u00fer\u00f3un ney\u00f0ir okkur til a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a hugmyndaarfinn fr\u00e1 grunni. Hverjir eiga a\u00f0 eiga \u201er\u00f3b\u00f3tana\u201c?  Hvernig eigum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 dreifa ar\u00f0i au\u00f0sk\u00f6punarinnar, ef ekki \u00ed formi launa fyrir vinnuframlag?  Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 byrja a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a fr\u00e1 grunni vi\u00f0teknar hugmyndir um eignarr\u00e9tt og p\u00f3lit\u00edskt vald \u00ed r\u00edkum samf\u00e9l\u00f6gum, \u00fear sem eignarhald \u00e1 \u00feekkingu og t\u00e6kni mun skipta sk\u00f6pum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Morta Vidunait\u00e9 t\u00f3k \u00feetta vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 JBH f.h. LRT (lit\u00e1iska R\u00daV) undir lok heims\u00f3knar hans til Lit\u00e1en \u00ed tilefni af 30 \u00e1ra afm\u00e6li endurreists sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is Lit\u00e1en)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sj\u00e1 stiklur \u00e1 s\u00e9rbla\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u00f0tali\u00f0 vi\u00f0 JBH \u2013 stiklur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

#  \u201e\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin eru st\u00f6\u00f0ugt a\u00f0 tapa v\u00f6ldum og \u00e1hrifum  til \u00feeirra sem eiga og r\u00e1\u00f0a fj\u00e1rmagninu \u00ed hnattv\u00e6ddu kerfi, sem l\u00fdtur hvorki l\u00f6gum n\u00e9 reglum. \u00deessi tilf\u00e6rsla au\u00f0s og valda til \u00f6rf\u00e1mennrar el\u00edtu er sm\u00e1m saman a\u00f0 grafa undan undirst\u00f6\u00f0um l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isins. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 koma b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 \u00feennan kap\u00edtalisma,  ef l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 lifa af\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u201eVi\u00f0 getum b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arau\u00f0inn \u00ed h\u00f6ndum \u00f6rf\u00e1mennrar forr\u00e9ttindast\u00e9ttar, e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 getum vi\u00f0 b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i. En vi\u00f0 getum ekki b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hvort tveggja\u201c.                                   (Brandeis, forseti H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar Bandar\u00edkjanna og r\u00e1\u00f0gjafi Roosevelts  forseta \u00ed New Deal)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u201eJafna\u00f0armannaflokkar eru samkv\u00e6mt skilgreiningu hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar. \u00deanga\u00f0 s\u00e6kir hann vald sitt. Og  p\u00f3lit\u00edk er um v\u00f6ld. \u00c1n atbeina \u00f6flugrar verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar eru jafna\u00f0armannaflokkar valdvana\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er t\u00edmi til kominn a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a hugmyndaarfinn, \u00fear me\u00f0 talin grunnhugt\u00f6k eins og eignarr\u00e9tt og \u00e1hrifavald \u00ed atvinnul\u00edfi \u00ed r\u00edkum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9l\u00f6gum, \u00fear sem forr\u00e6\u00f0i yfir \u00feekkingu og t\u00e6kni mun skipta sk\u00f6pum. Hvernig getur \u00fea\u00f0 samr\u00e6mst virku l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i?\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

segir J\u00f3n Baldvin Hannibalsson, fv. utanr\u00edkisr\u00e1\u00f0aherra \u00cdslands \u00ed vi\u00f0tali vi\u00f0 r\u00edkissj\u00f3nvarpi\u00f0 \u00ed Lit\u00e1en \u201e\u00c9g ver\u00f0 aldrei svo gamall, a\u00f0 \u00e9g geti gleymt \u00feeirri l\u00edfsreynslu a\u00f0 vera me\u00f0 ykkur \u00ed Viln\u00edus \u00feessa \u00f6rlagar\u00edku daga og n\u00e6tur \u00ed jan\u00faar 1991, \u00feegar Rau\u00f0i herinn haf\u00f0i fengi\u00f0 fyrirm\u00e6li um a\u00f0 brj\u00f3ta sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isbar\u00e1ttu ykkar \u00e1 bak aftur me\u00f0 valdi. \u00dearna … Continue reading ““Endurreist sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i Eystrasalts\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a var upphafi\u00f0 a\u00f0 endalokum Sov\u00e9tr\u00edkjanna””<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3076"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3079,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076\/revisions\/3079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}