\u00deann 21. j\u00fan\u00ed s.l. bau\u00f0 deildarforseti Hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ideildar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed Viln\u00edus m\u00e9r a\u00f0 vera m\u00e1lshefjandi \u00e1 m\u00e1l\u00feingi me\u00f0 nokkrum hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ideildarinnar um ofangreint efni. Me\u00f0al \u00fe\u00e1tttakenda voru pr\u00f3fessorar, sem veri\u00f0 hafa r\u00e1\u00f0gjafar r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rna og a\u00f0rir, sem fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar leita helst \u00ed smi\u00f0ju til, \u00ed ums\u00f6gnum um stefnum\u00f3tun \u00ed efnahagsm\u00e1lum. Deildarforsetinn, Aida Macerinskiene, st\u00fdr\u00f0i fundi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c9g h\u00f3f m\u00e1l\u00feingi\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kynna sj\u00e1lfan mig, eins og a\u00f0rir \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1\u00f0ur gert. \u00c9g sag\u00f0i m.a.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eFr\u00e1 ungum aldri hefur m\u00e9r veri\u00f0 hugleiki\u00f0 a\u00f0 leita svara vi\u00f0 eftirfarandi spurningu: Hvernig getum vi\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00fdmt f\u00e1t\u00e6kt? \u00c9g tel \u00fea\u00f0 eiga a\u00f0 vera meginvi\u00f0fangsefni \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0hagfr\u00e6\u00f0innar ( e. politial economy) a\u00f0 leita haldb\u00e6rra svara vi\u00f0 \u00feessari spurningu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
# \u00deess vegna sag\u00f0i \u00e9g mig \u00far menntask\u00f3la til a\u00f0 p\u00e6la \u00ed Marx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u00deess vegna leita\u00f0i \u00e9g, ungur a\u00f0 \u00e1rum a\u00f0 sv\u00f6rum \u00ed smi\u00f0ju Edinborgarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la, sem var\u00f0veitir hugmyndaarf Adams Smith, h\u00f6fundar Au\u00f0leg\u00f0ar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna<\/em>. \u00c9g komst br\u00e1tt a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 sv\u00f6rin voru ekki einhl\u00edt, jafnvel villandi. Helsti hugsu\u00f0ur samt\u00edmans, John Maynard Keynes, var \u00fear me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0ur sem villutr\u00faarma\u00f0ur, heretic.<\/em> En hann hefur reynst vera hugsu\u00f0urinn, sem bjarga\u00f0i kapitalismanum fr\u00e1 sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r, \u00e1 li\u00f0inni \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # \u00deess vegna leita\u00f0i \u00e9g \u00ed framhaldsn\u00e1m til Stokkh\u00f3lms til a\u00f0 lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta k\u00farsinn. \u00dear er Mekka jafna\u00f0arstefnunnar \u2013 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs s\u00f3s\u00edalisma \u2013 socialdemocracy. N\u00e1msefni\u00f0 var vinnumarka\u00f0shagfr\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 s\u00e6nska velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0 – norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 \u2013 \u00ed kaupb\u00e6ti. \u00dear h\u00f6f\u00f0u ekki veri\u00f0 verkf\u00f6ll \u00ed aldarfj\u00f3r\u00f0ung, fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sami\u00f0 var um fri\u00f0 \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0num \u00ed Saltsj\u00f6baden 1938. \u00cd m\u00ednu heimalandi voru \u00e1t\u00f6k \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i daglegt brau\u00f0 og allsherjarverkf\u00f6ll engan veginn \u00f3\u00feekkt. Af \u00feessu m\u00e1tti sitthva\u00f0 l\u00e6ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # \u00deess vegna \u00fe\u00e1\u00f0i \u00e9g me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6kkum a\u00f0 verja me\u00f0g\u00f6ngut\u00edma \u00e1 Fulbright- styrk vi\u00f0 Harvard seinna \u00e1 \u00e6vinni til a\u00f0 vinna a\u00f0 verkefni \u00ed \u201ecomparative economic systems\u201c. \u00de\u00e1 \u00feegar komst \u00e9g a\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um, sem a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati standa \u00f3hagga\u00f0ar enn \u00ed dag. Me\u00f0al \u00feeirra eru eftirfarandi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n # \u00d3beisla\u00f0ur kapitalismi endar \u00e6vinlega, skv. fenginni reynslu, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fyrirfara s\u00e9r. R\u00edki\u00f0 eitt hefur bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 koma honum til bjargar. S\u00edendurtekin reynsla sannar \u00feetta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # Sov\u00e9ttilraunin me\u00f0 alr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkisins var p\u00f3lit\u00edskur og efnahagslegur vanskapna\u00f0ur. Hagkerfi\u00f0 skila\u00f0i ekki v\u00f6runum. Kerfi\u00f0 var\u00f0 endanlega gjald\u00ferota,. Og enginn haf\u00f0i vilja n\u00e9 heldur bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 bjarga \u00fev\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 – \u00fear sem fulltr\u00faar vinnunnar r\u00e9\u00f0u f\u00f6r fremur en eigendur fj\u00e1rmagnsins \u2013 er m\u00e1lami\u00f0lun milli \u00feessara tveggja \u00f6fga. Marka\u00f0skerfi\u00f0 er virkja\u00f0, \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0, en undir stj\u00f3rn og eftirliti r\u00edkisins; \u00fear fyrir utan \u00e1 samf\u00e9lagsleg \u00fej\u00f3nusta, \u00e1n gr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0a, a\u00f0 vera r\u00edkjandi – n\u00e1nast 50:50. Allt var \u00feetta samkv\u00e6mt mott\u00f3i Tages Erlander, sem oft er vitna\u00f0 til: \u201eMarka\u00f0urinn er \u00fearfur \u00fej\u00f3nn, en \u00f3\u00feolandi h\u00fasb\u00f3ndi\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00deetta er eina \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsm\u00f3deli\u00f0, sem m\u00f3ta\u00f0ist \u00ed hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00e1t\u00f6kum seinustu aldar og hefur sta\u00f0ist d\u00f3m reynslunnar til \u00feessa dags. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast p\u00f3lit\u00edska n\u00e6rs\u00fdni ber a\u00f0 geta \u00feess, a\u00f0 As\u00edum\u00f3deli\u00f0, \u00fear sem marka\u00f0skerfi er v\u00edrkja\u00f0 undir forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkisins, hefur skila\u00f0 miklum \u00e1rangri. K\u00ednverska tilraunin, kennd vi\u00f0 Deng Xiao Peng, flokkast reyndar undir efnahagslegt kraftaverk. H\u00f6fum \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed huga \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unum h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c9g set \u00feessar fullyr\u00f0ingar fram \u00e1n fyrirvara sem umr\u00e6\u00f0ugrundv\u00f6ll.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Skiptst \u00e1 sko\u00f0unum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Fullyr\u00f0ing m\u00edn um, a\u00f0 \u00f3beisla\u00f0ur kapitalismi (me\u00f0 nokkurri einf\u00f6ldun kenndur vi\u00f0 amer\u00edska m\u00f3deli\u00f0) hef\u00f0i innbygg\u00f0a tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 fyrirfara s\u00e9r, var nokku\u00f0 umdeild. Margir (\u00fe.\u00e1.m.\u00e9g) minntu \u00e1, a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir alla gagnr\u00fdni, hefur kapitalisminn s\u00fdnt \u00ed verki, a\u00f0 hann er afkastamikil au\u00f0sk\u00f6punarv\u00e9l, sem hefur breytt \u00e1s\u00fdnd jar\u00f0arinnar \u00e1 tilt\u00f6lulega sk\u00f6mmum t\u00edma. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 virkja afrakstur v\u00edsinda og t\u00e6kni hefur hann umbylt lifna\u00f0arh\u00e1ttum okkar. Meirihluti jar\u00f0arb\u00faa hefur hins vegar upplifa\u00f0 \u00e1hrif kapitalismans sem evro-amer\u00edska n\u00fdlendustefnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tv\u00e6r heimskreppur, og \u00f3teljandi mini-kreppur, sem lauk ekki fyrr en me\u00f0 bj\u00f6rgunarlei\u00f0angri r\u00edkisins, sanna hins vegar, a\u00f0 marka\u00f0skerfi\u00f0 er ekki sj\u00e1lf-lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttandi. \u00dea\u00f0 er bara \u00e1r\u00f3\u00f0ur. Reyndar er \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edka kredda, a\u00f0 marka\u00f0urinn og r\u00edki\u00f0 s\u00e9u \u00f3s\u00e6ttanlegar andst\u00e6\u00f0ur. \u00devert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti. Marka\u00f0urinn er ger\u00f0ur af mannav\u00f6ldum. Hann er ekki n\u00e1tt\u00faruafl. Hann stenst ekki til lengdar nema innan ramma laga og regluger\u00f0a, sem r\u00edki\u00f0 (p\u00f3lit\u00edkin) setur. Reyndar sn\u00fdst p\u00f3lit\u00edk um f\u00e1tt anna\u00f0 meira en a\u00f0 setja marka\u00f0num leikreglur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed samhengi voru allir \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur samm\u00e1la um, a\u00f0 innbygg\u00f0 tilhneiging kapitalismans til a\u00f0 safna au\u00f0i \u00e1 f\u00e1ar hendur v\u00e6ri einmitt n\u00fa \u00e1 okkar d\u00f6gum komin \u00e1 h\u00e6ttulegt stig. Margir h\u00f6f\u00f0u or\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur v\u00e6ri of mikill me\u00f0 hinum n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lsu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um Eystrasalts. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri h\u00e6ttulegt l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00cd \u00feessum punkti virtist vera samsta\u00f0a um, a\u00f0 miki\u00f0 m\u00e6tti l\u00e6ra af norr\u00e6na m\u00f3delinu. Einn \u00fe\u00e1tttakandi benti \u00e1, a\u00f0 hugtaki\u00f0 \u201etrade unions\u201c \u2013 m.\u00f6.o. verkal\u00fd\u00f0sf\u00e9l\u00f6g \u2013 hef\u00f0i fengi\u00f0 sl\u00edkt \u00f3or\u00f0 \u00e1 sig \u00e1 Sov\u00e9t-t\u00edmanum sem leppar r\u00edkisvaldsins, a\u00f0 \u00feau hef\u00f0u ekki s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1tt s\u00e9r vi\u00f0reisnar von. \u00dea\u00f0<\/em> v\u00e6ri engin verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfing til \u00ed Eystrasaltsl\u00f6ndunum<\/em>. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu st\u00e9ttarf\u00e9l\u00f6g sumra opinberra starfsmanna( t.d. l\u00e6kna og kennara). Hva\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0andi um kaup og kj\u00f6r? Svar: Fj\u00e1rmagnseigendur, eigendur fyrirt\u00e6kjanna og atvinnurekendur, eru n\u00e1nast einr\u00e1\u00f0ir um \u00fea\u00f0. Ef \u00feeir r\u00e1\u00f0a p\u00f3lit\u00edkinni l\u00edka, er ekki a\u00f0 undra, a\u00f0 \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0rinn er mikill og fer hra\u00f0vaxandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Allir virtust hafa \u00e1hyggjur af \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 \u00f3beisla\u00f0ur kapitalismi v\u00e6ri \u00f3gnun vi\u00f0 l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0: hafi\u00f0, v\u00f6tnin, \u00e1rnar, sk\u00f3gana, fj\u00f6lbreytni d\u00fdrategunda \u2013 sj\u00e1lft l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0. \u00d3sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rni um hreina orku veldur \u00e1hyggjum. Minningin um Chernobyl er ekki gleymd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dat\u00fard\u00far um As\u00edum\u00f3deli\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eg setti umr\u00e6\u00f0una um As\u00edum\u00f3deli\u00f0 \u00ed samhengi vi\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0 \u00e1 Gorbachev annars vegar og Deng Xiao Peng hins vegar.B\u00e1\u00f0\u00edr ger\u00f0u s\u00e9r grein fyrir, a\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tkerfi\u00f0, sem \u00feeir erf\u00f0u, v\u00e6ri efnahagslega gjald\u00ferota. Gorbachev bo\u00f0a\u00f0i glasnost (<\/em>opnun) og perestrojku <\/em>(kerfisbreytingu). En or\u00f0um hans fylgdu engar athafnir. Hann va bara einn af \u00feessum l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum, sem skilja ekki e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i efnahagsl\u00edfsins. \u00dea\u00f0 ger\u00f0i Deng hins vegar af e\u00f0lis\u00e1v\u00edsun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tveimur \u00e1rum eftir a\u00f0 Mao var fallinn fr\u00e1 og ekkjan og attan\u00edossar hennar komin bak vi\u00f0 l\u00e1s og sl\u00e1, gaf Deng \u00fat svohlj\u00f3\u00f0andi regluger\u00f0: \u201e\u00deeim sem erja j\u00f6r\u00f0ina skal h\u00e9r me\u00f0 frj\u00e1lst a\u00f0 selja afur\u00f0ir s\u00ednar \u00e1 marka\u00f0num gegn 10% skatti til r\u00edkisins\u201c Undir Mao haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 hungursnei\u00f0, sem kosta\u00f0i tugi millj\u00f3na mannsl\u00edfa. Eftir a\u00f0 n\u00fdja regluger\u00f0in t\u00f3k gildi bl\u00f3mstru\u00f0u sveitirnar, og K\u00edna var\u00f0 meiri h\u00e1ttar matar\u00fatflytjandi. N\u00e6st var opnun K\u00edna. Tilraunasv\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 innflutt fj\u00e1rmagn og t\u00e6kni. Auki\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum. Tengt vi\u00f0 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0amarka\u00f0inn. Og sj\u00e1: 20 \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar haf\u00f0i 700 millj\u00f3num K\u00ednverja veri\u00f0 lyft upp \u00far mi\u00f0alda\u00f6rbirg\u00f0 til 20. aldar l\u00edfskjara. \u00deetta er st\u00e6rsta kraftaverk hags\u00f6gunnar, hvorki meira n\u00e9 minna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kapitalismi ? J\u00e1, – en a\u00f0 frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edksivaldsins undir stj\u00f3rn og eftirliti r\u00edkisins. \u00deetta eiga As\u00edum\u00f3deli\u00f0 og norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 sameiginlegt. J\u00e1 \u2013 en \u00fe\u00e1 vantar l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0. Kemur \u00fea\u00f0 seinna me\u00f0 aukinni vels\u00e6ld? \u00dea\u00f0 hefur gert \u00fea\u00f0 annars sta\u00f0ar, en \u00fea\u00f0 mun taka t\u00edma. H\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 n\u00f3gan t\u00edma? \u2013 \u00feetta vakti fj\u00f6rugar umr\u00e6\u00f0ur, sem ur\u00f0u undanfari a\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0um um norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0: Ver\u00f0ugur er verkama\u00f0urinn launa sinna.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c9g innleiddi umr\u00e6\u00f0una me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vekja athygli \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edsku \u00e6tterni norr\u00e6na m\u00f3delsins. P\u00f3lit\u00edk sn\u00fdst um v\u00f6ld. \u00cd kapital\u00edsku hagkerfi r\u00e1\u00f0a fj\u00e1rmagnseigendur l\u00f6gum og lofum. \u00deeireiga allt, fyrirt\u00e6ki og fasteignir og framlei\u00f0slut\u00e6kin. \u00deeir r\u00e1\u00f0a og reka. Ef engin er verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin eru \u00feeir allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0num. \u00de\u00e1 tala menn um \u201efrj\u00e1lsan vinnumarka\u00f0\u201c! \u00deetta er \u00ed reynd \u00f3jafn leikur. Og ef fj\u00e1rmangseigendur (og flokkar \u00feeirra) r\u00e1\u00f0a p\u00f3lit\u00edska valdinu l\u00edka, \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur \u00f3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi. L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 sn\u00fdst br\u00e1tt upp \u00ed au\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00dei\u00f0 \u00feekki\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed R\u00fasslandi. \u00dea\u00f0 fer hrollur um marga ekta l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0issinna \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum vi\u00f0 tilhugsunina um, a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin s\u00e9 \u00e1 s\u00f6mu lei\u00f0. N\u00fdlega birtu 100 pr\u00f3fessorar \u00e1kall til bandar\u00edsku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar um a\u00f0 for\u00f0a \u00feeirri \u00f3g\u00e6fu \u00ed t\u00e6ka t\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 f\u00f3r a\u00f0 taka \u00e1 sig mynd \u00e1 kreppu\u00e1runum (milli 1930-1940). \u00deegar s\u00e6nsku kratarnir litu \u00ed vestur, blasti vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00f3beisla\u00f0ur kapitalismi var hruninn \u2013 hann fyrirf\u00f3r s\u00e9r! Sv\u00edar litu \u00ed austur og s\u00e1u, a\u00f0 valdar\u00e1nstilraun Len\u00edns og Stal\u00edns haf\u00f0i enda\u00f0 \u00ed alr\u00e6\u00f0iskerfi, sem var s\u00fdnu har\u00f0neskjulegra og bl\u00f3\u00f0ugra en l\u00e9nsveldi keisarans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00deeir \u00e1kv\u00e1\u00f0u a\u00f0 fara \u00feri\u00f0ju lei\u00f0ina<\/em>. Einkaframtak og samkeppni \u00e1 marka\u00f0i, \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 skapa au\u00f0 og fulln\u00e6gja \u00fe\u00f6rfum neytenda, en undir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegri stj\u00f3rn og eftirliti. En samf\u00e9lagsleg \u00fej\u00f3nusta, \u00e1n gr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0a, skyldi gilda a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti. \u00deetta \u00e6tti vi\u00f0 um menntun, f\u00e9lagslegar tryggingar, heilsug\u00e6slu og grundvallar\u00fej\u00f3nustu eins og orku, vatn og almannasamg\u00f6ngur. Au\u00f0lindir skyldu vera \u00ed almannaeigu, og ar\u00f0ur af n\u00fdtingu \u00feeirra skyldi renna til samf\u00e9lagsins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Munurinn s\u00e9st best \u00e1 Noregi og N\u00edger\u00edu. B\u00e6\u00f0i eru r\u00edk a\u00f0 n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum. En s\u00e1 er munurinn, a\u00f0 Nor\u00f0menn eru r\u00edk \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ar\u00f0urinn skilar s\u00e9r til eigandans, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. N\u00edger\u00edumenn lepja hins vegar dau\u00f0ann \u00far skel, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 erlendir fj\u00e1rmagnseigendur hir\u00f0a gr\u00f3\u00f0ann og skilja eftir sig svi\u00f0na j\u00f6r\u00f0. Um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 hafa fleiri or\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Og svo er \u00fea\u00f0 vinnumarka\u00f0urinn. \u00dear skyldi sami\u00f0 um skiptingu ar\u00f0sins milli fj\u00e1rmagns og vinnu, sem jafnr\u00e9tth\u00e1rra a\u00f0ila. \u00dear me\u00f0 v\u00e6ri trygg\u00f0ur vinnufri\u00f0ur \u00e1 grundvelli \u00e1s\u00e6ttanlegrar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u um skiptingu ar\u00f0s \u00e1 milli fj\u00e1rmagns og vinnu. Virk vinnumarka\u00f0sstefna \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir, a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 er beinn a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 sk\u00f6pun starfa til a\u00f0 halda uppi fullri atvinnu, t.d. me\u00f0 starfs\u00fej\u00e1lfun til a\u00f0 a\u00f0lagast t\u00e6knin\u00fdjungum. Danir hafa skara\u00f0 fram \u00far \u00f6llum \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag, \u00fear sem r\u00edkir meiri j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur en v\u00e6ri, ef marka\u00f0s\u00f6flunum v\u00e6ri gefinn laus taumurinn. Yfirl\u00fdstur tilgangur var a\u00f0 sameina hagkv\u00e6mni (samkeppnish\u00e6fni) og j\u00f6fnu\u00f0 (f\u00e9lagslegt r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ti).Skv. ensk-amer\u00edska vikuritinu Economist , sem enginn getur saka\u00f0 um vinstri villu af neinu tagi, hefur \u00feetta tekist \u00ed \u00f6llum meginatri\u00f0um. \u00cd s\u00e9rstakri \u00fattekt \u00e1 norr\u00e6na m\u00f3delinu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013, eftir a\u00f0 r\u00edki heims h\u00f6f\u00f0u gert \u00fat st\u00e6rsta bj\u00f6rgunarlei\u00f0angur s\u00f6gunnar til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a heimskap\u00edtalismanum fr\u00e1 hruni (2008) var ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an s\u00fa, a\u00f0 norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u201es\u00faper model\u201c, sem \u00ed reynd hef\u00f0i sta\u00f0i\u00f0 af s\u00e9r \u00e1raun hnattv\u00e6\u00f0ingarinnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c1g\u00e6tiseinkunn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Samkv\u00e6mt The Economist <\/em>\u00e1 \u00feetta ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 um \u00e1rangur \u00e1 efnahgassvi\u00f0inu en anna\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hagv\u00f6xtur, framlei\u00f0ni, ranns\u00f3knir og \u00fer\u00f3un, hagn\u00fdting t\u00e6knin\u00fdjunga, sk\u00f6pun h\u00e1t\u00e6knistarfa, \u00fe\u00e1tttaka \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0num (ekki s\u00edst kvenna), almennt menntunarstig, jafnr\u00e6\u00f0i kynjanna, f\u00e9lagslegur hreyfanleiki (uppr\u00e6ting st\u00e9ttskiptingar), \u00fatr\u00fdming f\u00e1t\u00e6ktar, g\u00e6\u00f0i innvi\u00f0a, a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 \u00f3spjalla\u00f0ri n\u00e1tt\u00faru \u2013 almenn l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0i. Meiri j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur tekjuskiptingar en annars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 bygg\u00f0u b\u00f3li. Og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 stendur dj\u00fapum r\u00f3tum, \u00fear sem f\u00e9lagslegur j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur tryggir einstaklingsfrelsi \u00ed reynd. Hvar er flj\u00f3tlegast a\u00f0 stofna fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed heiminum? \u00cd Bandar\u00edkjunum? Nei, \u00feau eru nr. 38 \u00e1 \u00feeim lista. Hverjir eru n\u00famer eitt? Svar: Danska velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Enginn treysti s\u00e9r til a\u00f0 v\u00e9fengja \u00feessar sta\u00f0reyndir. \u00dea\u00f0 er engin fur\u00f0a, a\u00f0 \u00ed huga Bernies Sanders er norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 \u00fat\u00f3p\u00eda<\/em> \u2013 fyrirheitna landi\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sj\u00e1lfstort\u00edmingarhv\u00f6tin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n En er \u00fe\u00e1 ekki allt eins og best ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 kosi\u00f0 \u00ed samt\u00ed\u00f0 og framt\u00ed\u00f0? Heldur betur ekki. Hvers vegna? \u00fea\u00f0 er vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00f3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi er r\u00e9tt eina fer\u00f0ina enn \u00e1 fullri fer\u00f0 a\u00f0 tort\u00edma sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r, og \u00ed \u00feetta skipti\u00f0 bendir flest til \u00feess, a\u00f0 hann muni draga sj\u00e1lft l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0 \u00e1 pl\u00e1netu j\u00f6r\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00ed fallinu \u2013 ef ekki ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 gert \u00ed t\u00e6ka t\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hva\u00f0 er til marks um \u00feetta? \u00c9g nefni nokku\u00f0r d\u00e6mi um regin\u00f6fl, sem eru a\u00f0 verki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tort\u00edma hvoru tveggja, velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu \u2013 og skal \u00fe\u00f3 teki\u00f0 fram, a\u00f0 listinn er engan veginn t\u00e6mandi. En h\u00e9r kemur hann:<\/p>\n\n\n\n # \u00c1ri\u00f0 1973 hrundi Bretton Woods<\/em> kerfi\u00f0 \u2013 sem Keynes skildi eftir sig \u00e1 teiknibor\u00f0inu vi\u00f0 str\u00ed\u00f0slokin 1945. Samkv\u00e6mt \u00fev\u00ed var\u00f0 dollarinn heimsgjaldmi\u00f0ill, a\u00f0rir gjaldmi\u00f0lar fastbundnir vi\u00f0 hann, og fj\u00e1rmagnsflutningar yfir landam\u00e6ri banna\u00f0ir, nema me\u00f0 leyfum. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fdddi, a\u00f0 v\u00f6ldin voru \u00ed h\u00f6ndum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkjanna \u2013 ekki fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda. \u00deetta var gull\u00f6ld hins s\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3krat\u00edska velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkis. \u201eYou never had it so good\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n # Hrun Bretton Woods \u00fe\u00fdddi, a\u00f0 framvegis gat fj\u00e1rmagn fl\u00e6tt yfir landam\u00e6ri, stj\u00f3rnlaust og \u00e1n eftirlits. \u00dear me\u00f0 misstu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin n\u00e1nast \u00f6ll v\u00f6ld \u00ed hendur fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra au\u00f0hringa fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda, me\u00f0 aflei\u00f0ingum sem vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um ekki fyrir endann \u00e1 enn \u00ed dag. \u00dear me\u00f0 h\u00f3fst t\u00edmabil n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggju (marka\u00f0str\u00fabo\u00f0sins) og hnattv\u00e6\u00f0ingar fj\u00e1rmagnsins. P\u00f3lit\u00edkin h\u00e9lt hins vegar \u00e1fram a\u00f0 vera lokal<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # \u00dear me\u00f0 h\u00f3fst samkeppni \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkjanna um \u201eskattlagningu ni\u00f0ur-\u00e1- vi\u00f0\u201c til a\u00f0 la\u00f0a a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagn \u00ed nafni samkeppnish\u00e6fni. Sk\u00f6ttum var afl\u00e9tt af fj\u00e1rmagni og fj\u00e1rmagnstekjum, en h\u00e6kka\u00f0ir \u00e1 neyslu almennings og laun. Marka\u00f0sr\u00e1\u00f0andi fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legir au\u00f0hringar borga enga skatta, nema til m\u00e1lamynda \u00ed skattaskj\u00f3lum. Au\u00f0hringarnir r\u00e1\u00f0a \u2013 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin l\u00faffa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n # \u00deetta er r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tt me\u00f0 marka\u00f0str\u00fabo\u00f0i n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar. Skv. henni er hi\u00f0 (l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega) r\u00edkisvald alltaf hluti af vandanum, aldrei lausninni. Marka\u00f0urinn er sag\u00f0ur sj\u00e1lflei\u00f0r\u00e9ttandi og \u00edhlutun r\u00edkisins \u00e6vinlega af hinu vonda. Forstj\u00f3raveldi\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 skila h\u00e1marksar\u00f0i \u00e1 kauph\u00f6llinni \u00e1rsfj\u00f3r\u00f0ungslega. Aflei\u00f0ingarnar: Forstj\u00f3ralaun og hvatab\u00f3nusar hundru\u00f0faldast; \u00fatl\u00e1n banka beinast a\u00f0 kauphallarbraski og fasteignam\u00f6rku\u00f0um; fasteignaver\u00f0 helstu borga er fyrir l\u00f6ngu \u00f3vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegt \u00f6\u00f0rum en au\u00f0k\u00fdfingum. Langt\u00edmafj\u00e1rfestingar \u00ed innvi\u00f0um sitja \u00e1 hakanum. B\u00f3luhagkerfi af \u00feessu tagi b\u00ed\u00f0a \u00feess eins a\u00f0 springa me\u00f0 h\u00f6rmulegum aflei\u00f0ingum fyrir \u00feorra almennings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # Raunhagkerfi\u00f0 \u2013 framlei\u00f0sla \u00e1 v\u00f6rum \u2013 fluttist fr\u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0um r\u00edkjum til K\u00edna, Indlands, Bangladesh .o.s.frv. Milljar\u00f0ar l\u00e1glaunaf\u00f3lks b\u00e6ttust vi\u00f0 vinnumarka\u00f0 heimsins: hlutur launa l\u00e6kka\u00f0i, ar\u00f0ur fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda h\u00e6kka\u00f0i. Samningssta\u00f0a verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfinga \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0um r\u00edkjum versna\u00f0i. Kaupm\u00e1ttur launa l\u00e6kka\u00f0i. Til er or\u00f0in n\u00fd undirst\u00e9tt \u00e1 hungurlaunum, \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagslega utangar\u00f0s og \u00e1n (mann)r\u00e9ttinda og \u00f6ryggis. Enskan hefur b\u00fai\u00f0 til n\u00fdtt hugtak fyrir \u00feennan veruleika: \u201eprecariat\u201c \u2013 \u00e1\u00f0ur \u201eproletariat\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin heyr varnarbar\u00e1ttu fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem halda vinnu. V\u00f6ld hennar og \u00e1hrif fara \u00feverrandi og \u00fear me\u00f0 jafna\u00f0armannaflokka, sem eru skv. skilgreiningu hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur<\/em> verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # B\u00f3luhagkerfi\u00f0 endar \u00e6vinlega \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 sj\u00fakt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi hefur d\u00e6lt \u00fat l\u00e1num \u00ed gr\u00f3\u00f0askyni, sem skuldunautar f\u00e1 ekki undir risi\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 brestur trausti\u00f0, og spilaborgin hrynur. Almenningur (r\u00edki\u00f0) er krafinn um a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a skuldirnar til a \u00f0 for\u00f0a hruni.Vi\u00f0 tekur \u201eharmkv\u00e6lastefna\u201c (e. austerity): ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0ur \u00ed velfer\u00f0arkerfinu og h\u00e6kkun skatta \u00e1 almenning. \u00deetta ger\u00f0ist s\u00ed\u00f0ast undir nafninu \u201eThe Great Recession<\/em>\u201c.Algeru hruni var for\u00f0a\u00f0 me\u00f0 st\u00e6rsta bj\u00f6rgunarlei\u00f0angri \u00e1 vegum r\u00edkisins (skattgrei\u00f0enda) \u00ed s\u00f6gunni. \u00dear me\u00f0 var hugmyndalegt gjald\u00ferot n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar (marka\u00f0str\u00fabo\u00f0sins) n\u00e6sti b\u00e6r vi\u00f0 hrun komm\u00fanismans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n # N\u00fa er svo komi\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00feri\u00f0ja st\u00e6rsta hagkerfi heimsins, sem m\u00e6list \u00ed trillj\u00f3num dollara, \u00e1 heimafesti \u00ed skattaskj\u00f3lum. Fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aau\u00f0hringarnir, sem eru allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi yfir au\u00f0lindum jar\u00f0arinnar og heimske\u00f0ju v\u00f6ruframlei\u00f0slunnar, sem og uppl\u00fdsingakerfi h\u00e1t\u00e6kninnar, hafa sagt sig \u00far l\u00f6gum vi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin. Au\u00f0hringarnir hafa teki\u00f0 l\u00f6gin \u00ed s\u00ednar eigin hendur \u00ed krafti allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi fj\u00e1rmagnsvalds .<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00deess vegna er allt \u00ed senn, l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0, l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u2013 og velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0 \u2013 \u00ed ums\u00e1turs\u00e1standi. Vi\u00f0 lifum n\u00fa \u00e1 n\u00fdrri \u00f6ld \u00d3JAFNA\u00d0ARINS, \u00ed mi\u00f0jum kl\u00ed\u00f0um t\u00e6knibyltingar, sem h\u00f3tar a\u00f0 leysa mannsh\u00f6ndina af h\u00f3lmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n LAUSNIRNAR? H\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9\u00f0 framan \u00ed \u00feetta \u00e1\u00f0ur? J\u00fa, v\u00edst. Hvernig f\u00f3rum vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0? \u00cd Amer\u00edku var \u00fea\u00f0 \u201eNEW DEAL\u201c. N\u00e6r okkur var \u00fea\u00f0 \u201eNORR\u00c6NA M\u00d3DELI\u00d0\u201c.Eftir str\u00ed\u00f0 var \u00fea\u00f0 \u201eEVR\u00d3PSKA S\u00d3S\u00cdAL M\u00d3DELI\u00d0\u201c . \u00dea\u00f0 var gull\u00f6ld jafna\u00f0arstefnunnar. Vi\u00f0 vitum af reynslu, hva\u00f0an h\u00e6tturnar ste\u00f0ja a\u00f0 og \u00ed hverju lausnirnar eru f\u00f3lgnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n En \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki \u00f6ll von \u00fati enn. \u00cd seinustu viku var eins og lei\u00f0togar G-6 og G-20 r\u00edkja heims r\u00f6nku\u00f0u \u00f6gn vi\u00f0 s\u00e9r. \u00deeir kv\u00e1\u00f0u upp \u00far um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legir au\u00f0hringar skyldu h\u00e9r eftir grei\u00f0a skatta, \u00fear sem tekjurnar ver\u00f0a til (\u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess flytja h\u00f6fu\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0var s\u00ednar a\u00f0 nafninu til, \u00feanga\u00f0 sem skattareru l\u00e1gir e\u00f0a engir). Ef au\u00f0hringarnir \u00feversk\u00f6llu\u00f0ust vi\u00f0, skyldi \u00feeim samt gert a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a l\u00e1gmarksskatt (15%). Ef \u00feeir standa vi\u00f0 st\u00f3ru or\u00f0in, er \u00feetta fyrsta skrefi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1tt a\u00f0 endurreisa v\u00f6ld \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkjanna. N\u00e6sta skref v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 bindast samt\u00f6kum um a\u00f0 loka \u00f6llum skattaparad\u00edsum. \u00deetta \u00e1 a\u00f0 gera \u00ed samstarfi vi\u00f0 K\u00edna, sem hefur s\u00f6mu hagsmuna a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta. \u00dear me\u00f0 v\u00e6ru velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkin leyst \u00far ums\u00e1turs\u00e1standi au\u00f0hringanna. \u00deetta, \u00e1samt verndun l\u00edfr\u00edkisins, er st\u00e6rsta verkefni stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lanna \u00e1 okkar d\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (H\u00f6fundur var forma\u00f0ur Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins \u2013 flokks \u00edslenskra jafna\u00f0armanna \u2013 1984-96)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00deann 21. j\u00fan\u00ed s.l. bau\u00f0 deildarforseti Hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ideildar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed Viln\u00edus m\u00e9r a\u00f0 vera m\u00e1lshefjandi \u00e1 m\u00e1l\u00feingi me\u00f0 nokkrum hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ideildarinnar um ofangreint efni. Me\u00f0al \u00fe\u00e1tttakenda voru pr\u00f3fessorar, sem veri\u00f0 hafa r\u00e1\u00f0gjafar r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rna og a\u00f0rir, sem fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lar leita helst \u00ed smi\u00f0ju til, \u00ed ums\u00f6gnum um stefnum\u00f3tun \u00ed efnahagsm\u00e1lum. Deildarforsetinn, Aida Macerinskiene, st\u00fdr\u00f0i fundi. \u00c9g h\u00f3f m\u00e1l\u00feingi\u00f0 … Continue reading “A\u00d0GER\u00d0IR GEGN S\u00cdVAXANDI \u00d3J\u00d6FNU\u00d0I. Hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingaseminar \u00ed Viln\u00edus \u00ed leit a\u00f0 lausnum”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3083"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3085,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3083\/revisions\/3085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}