{"id":3223,"date":"2023-02-08T14:09:17","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T14:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3223"},"modified":"2023-02-08T22:48:24","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T22:48:24","slug":"breidfylking-umbotaafla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3223","title":{"rendered":"BREI\u00d0FYLKING UMB\u00d3TAAFLA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 sk\u00fdtur sk\u00f6kku vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fessor \u00far f\u00edlabeinsturni &nbsp;akadem\u00edunnar (H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands) skuli \u00feurfa til a\u00f0 minna okkur \u00e1, a\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edk er ekki samkv\u00e6misleikur og s\u00fdndarmennska, eins og sumir vir\u00f0ast halda.P\u00f3l\u00edt\u00edk sn\u00fdst um v\u00f6ld. \u00dea\u00f0 er kjarni m\u00e1lsins \u00ed n\u00fdjustu b\u00f3k Dr. Stef\u00e1ns \u00d3lafssonar, sem hann nefnir: <em>Bar\u00e1ttan um bjargirnar \u2013 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l og st\u00e9ttabar\u00e1tta \u00ed m\u00f3tun \u00edslensks samf\u00e9lags<\/em>. \u00deessi b\u00f3k \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera skyldulesning allra \u00feeirra sem sitja \u00e1 Al\u00feingi, \u00ed sveitarstj\u00f3rnum e\u00f0a \u00ed stj\u00f3rnum st\u00e9ttarf\u00e9laga og hagsmunasamtaka. Allavega, allra \u00feeirra sem vilja g\u00e6ta almannahagsmuna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hinga\u00f0 \u2013 en ekki lengra<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N<\/strong>\u00fana er r\u00e9tti t\u00edminn til a\u00f0 byrja a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa meirih\u00e1ttar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsbreytingar. Vi\u00f0 st\u00f6ndum \u00e1 t\u00edmam\u00f3tum. \u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum hafa fulltr\u00faar fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda \u00ed Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokknum veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feoka \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu sm\u00e1m saman, skref fyrir skref, \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 \u00f3beislu\u00f0um kap\u00edtalisma af \u00fev\u00ed tagi, sem n\u00e1\u00f0 hefur a\u00f0 festa sig \u00ed sessi \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum. A\u00f0 sama skapi h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6gjast hi\u00f0 norr\u00e6na samf\u00e9lagsm\u00f3del. \u00cd n\u00e6stu kosningum eigum vi\u00f0 tveggja kosta v\u00f6l: Viljum vi\u00f0 halda \u00e1fram \u00e1 s\u00f6mu braut? E\u00f0a, \u00e6tlum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja: <em>Hinga\u00f0 \u2013 en ekki lengra?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more Lesa meira-->\n\n\n\n<p>Allir sem til \u00feekkja vi\u00f0urkenna n\u00faor\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 hin norr\u00e6na samf\u00e9lagsger\u00f0 er eftirs\u00f3knarver\u00f0asta samf\u00e9lagsger\u00f0 samt\u00edmans. M.a.s. \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum bo\u00f0ar Bernie Sanders &#8211; &nbsp;\u00ed tv\u00edgang n\u00e6stum forsetaefni Dem\u00f3krata &#8211; norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 sem fyrirmynd. Sko\u00f0anakannanir s\u00fdna, a\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 bil helmingur Bandar\u00edkjamanna af yngri kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 er samm\u00e1la honum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fa sta\u00f0reynd blasir vi\u00f0 augum, a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagnseigendur \u2013 kapitalistar \u2013 \u00feeir sem st\u00fdra fj\u00e1rmagninu og fyrirt\u00e6kjunum, hafa gr\u00ed\u00f0arleg v\u00f6ld. \u00deeir r\u00e1\u00f0a og reka f\u00f3lk. \u00deeir taka st\u00e6rstu \u00e1kvar\u00f0anirnar um fj\u00e1rfestingar og framkv\u00e6mdir. Skammt\u00edmagr\u00f3\u00f0asj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feeirra f\u00f6r. \u00dea\u00f0 er e\u00f0li kapitalismans, a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagni\u00f0 safnast st\u00f6\u00f0ugt \u00e1 \u00e6 f\u00e6rri hendur. \u00d3beisla\u00f0ur kapitalismi er \u00f3jafna\u00f0arsamf\u00e9lag. N\u00fa, \u00e1 t\u00edmum hins hnattv\u00e6dda kapitalisma erum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 setja n\u00fdtt heimsmet \u00ed \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i. Hinir ofurr\u00edku ver\u00f0a \u00e6 r\u00edkari. Hlutur vinnandi f\u00f3lks \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0artekjum \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u landanna hefur snarminnka\u00f0, og \u00fear me\u00f0 l\u00edfskj\u00f6r og starfs\u00f6ryggi almennings. \u00deetta gerist \u00e1 t\u00edmum <em>n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggju og hnattv\u00e6\u00f0ingar<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 f\u00f3r a\u00f0 m\u00f3tast \u00e1 millistr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1rum seinustu aldar \u2013 \u00ed mi\u00f0ri heimskreppu \u00f3beisla\u00f0s kapitalisma. \u00dea\u00f0 sem gerir \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakt er, a\u00f0 fulltr\u00faar vinnandi f\u00f3lks \u2013 hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar, \u00fe.e.a.s. flokkar s\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3krata \u2013 n\u00e1\u00f0u v\u00f6ldum og h\u00e9ldu \u00feeim \u00e1ratugum saman. Ekki fulltr\u00faar fj\u00e1rmagnsins. S\u00f3s\u00edaldem\u00f3kratar h\u00f6fnu\u00f0u hvoru tveggja, alr\u00e6\u00f0is-s\u00f3s\u00edalisma Sov\u00e9tsins og \u00f3bei\u00f0slu\u00f0um kapitalisma au\u00f0valdsins. \u00deeir f\u00f3ru \u201e<em>\u00feri\u00f0ju lei\u00f0ina<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir m\u00e1lami\u00f0lun milli marka\u00f0skerfis og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is. \u00dear me\u00f0 eru kostir marka\u00f0skerfisins, \u00fear sem \u00feeir eiga vi\u00f0, vi\u00f0urkenndir en \u2013 og \u00fea\u00f0 skiptir sk\u00f6pum \u2013 undir str\u00f6ngu eftirliti og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegri stj\u00f3rn. Hins vegar l\u00fata a\u00f0rir mikilv\u00e6gir \u00fe\u00e6ttir samf\u00e9lagsger\u00f0arinnar l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegri stj\u00f3rn sem <em>\u00f3hagna\u00f0ardrifin samf\u00e9lags\u00fej\u00f3nusta.<\/em> \u00deetta \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 menntun, heilbrig\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3nustu, almannatryggingum (sj\u00fakra-, slysa-, elli- og atvinnuleysistryggingum), allt fj\u00e1rmagna\u00f0 me\u00f0 stigh\u00e6kkandi sk\u00f6ttum, eftir efnum og a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um. Sama m\u00e1li gegnir um n\u00fdtingu au\u00f0linda sem sameign \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, framlei\u00f0slu og dreifingu orku, almannasamg\u00f6ngur o.s.frv.. \u00deessu til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar er virk vinnumarka\u00f0sp\u00f3lit\u00edk til a\u00f0 h\u00e1marka atvinnu\u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku, grei\u00f0a fyrir atvinnu\u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku kvenna, og fyrirbyggja atvinnuleysi. \u00d3hagna\u00f0ardrifin samf\u00e9lags\u00fej\u00f3nusta af \u00feessu tagi nemur n\u00fa um helmingi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arframlei\u00f0slunnar. Allt stu\u00f0lar \u00feetta <em>a\u00f0 auknum<\/em> <em>j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i,<\/em> samheldni og st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjan &nbsp;\u2013 m.\u00f6.o. marka\u00f0str\u00fabo\u00f0i\u00f0 \u2013 er \u00ed uppreisn gegn velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 kemur \u00ed veg fyrir, a\u00f0 samf\u00e9lagsau\u00f0urinn safnist \u00e1 f\u00e1ar hendur, m.a. me\u00f0 tekjuj\u00f6fnun skattkerfisins. Kjarninn \u00ed gagnr\u00fdni marka\u00f0str\u00fabo\u00f0sins \u00e1 velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00ednum h\u00e1u sk\u00f6ttum og afskiptum af efnahagsstarfseminni drepi \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed dr\u00f3ma allt framtak og t\u00e6knin\u00fdjungar \u2013 og ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 lokum \u00f3samkeppnish\u00e6ft \u00e1 heimsm\u00f6rku\u00f0um.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00e1lami\u00f0lun: R\u00edki og marka\u00f0ur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allt hefur \u00feetta afsannast \u00e1 t\u00edmabili hins hnattv\u00e6dda kap\u00edtalisma. Norr\u00e6na m\u00f3deli\u00f0 hefur sta\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00e1 pr\u00f3fraun me\u00f0 pr\u00fd\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 s\u00fdna \u00f6ll samanbur\u00f0arpr\u00f3f \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkjanna. <strong><em>Nor\u00f0url\u00f6nd eru<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>hvarvetna \u00ed fremstu r\u00f6\u00f0<\/em><\/strong>: \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um hagv\u00f6xt, framlei\u00f0ni, ranns\u00f3knir og \u00fer\u00f3un, innlei\u00f0ingu t\u00e6knin\u00fdjunga, atvinnu\u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku, s\u00e9r \u00ed lagi atvinnu\u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku kvenna, f\u00e9lagslegan hreyfanleika, sk\u00f6pun starfa, \u00fatr\u00fdmingu f\u00e1t\u00e6ktar, j\u00f6fnun tekjuskiptingar, \u00feroska\u00f0 og virkt l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i, var\u00f0veislu n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0linda, umhverfisvernd og a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 \u00f3spjalla\u00f0ri n\u00e1tt\u00faru. Hvar er au\u00f0veldast a\u00f0 stofna fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed heiminum? \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku. Bandar\u00edkin eru nr. 38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a:<\/strong> \u00dea\u00f0 er t\u00f3m b\u00e1bilja, a\u00f0 afskipti l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs r\u00edkisvalds af m\u00f6rku\u00f0um s\u00e9u af hinu illa. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti. R\u00edkisafskipti eru nau\u00f0synleg til a\u00f0 tryggja, a\u00f0 marka\u00f0irnir skili \u00e1rangri og a\u00f0 allir \u00feegnar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsins nj\u00f3ti ar\u00f0sins af efnahagsstarfseminni. Og til a\u00f0 fyrirbyggja s\u00edendurteknar fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppur. As\u00edum\u00f3deli\u00f0 (Japan, S- K\u00f3rea, Taivan, K\u00edna, Singapoore &nbsp;&nbsp;o.fl.) sannar, a\u00f0 r\u00edkisafskpti af atvinnul\u00edfinu geta skila\u00f0 miklum \u00e1rangri. Sta\u00f0reyndirnar tala s\u00ednu m\u00e1li um \u00feetta. Sko\u00f0anakannanir sta\u00f0festa, a\u00f0 almenningur kann vel a\u00f0 meta \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0a kosti hinnar norr\u00e6nu samf\u00e9lagsger\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Annars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum hefur hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur \u00f6flugrar verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingar \u2013 flokkar l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is-jafna\u00f0armanna \u2013 r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 einir, e\u00f0a \u00ed samstarfi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra, l\u00f6gum og lofum \u00e1ratugum saman. Flokkar fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda og atvinnurekenda hafa veri\u00f0 tv\u00edstra\u00f0ir og \u00ed minnihluta. \u00deeir hafa \u00fev\u00ed ekki n\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00f6lsa undir sig r\u00edkisvaldi\u00f0 til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar vi\u00f0 fj\u00e1rhagslegt vald sitt \u00ed krafti eignar \u00e1 fyrirt\u00e6kjum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>St\u00f3ra \u00fevers\u00f6gnin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1 \u00cdslandi hefur m\u00f3\u00f0urflokkur l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is-jafna\u00f0armanna, Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokkurinn \u2013 upphaflega hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edski armur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar fram til 1940 \u2013 klofna\u00f0 oftar en \u00e9g hir\u00f0i um a\u00f0 muna. \u00dear munar mestu um Sov\u00e9t-tr\u00fabo\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 t\u00f3k forystumenn \u00feess meira en h\u00e1lfa \u00f6ld a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna, a\u00f0 \u00feeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u rangt fyrir s\u00e9r \u00ed \u00f6llum meginatri\u00f0um. Yfirleitt m\u00e1 segja um \u00feessa klofningsi\u00f0ju, a\u00f0 h\u00fan var jafn \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaus og h\u00fan reyndist ska\u00f0leg til langs t\u00edma. Aflei\u00f0ingarnar blasa vi\u00f0 enn \u00ed dag. Um \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 lesa \u00ed \u00feessu \u00f6ndvegisriti Stef\u00e1ns: Um vankanta og veilur hins \u00edslenska velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkis \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er <em>f\u00f3rnarkostna\u00f0urinn<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u00f3ra \u00fevers\u00f6gnin \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsger\u00f0 okkar \u00cdslendinga n\u00fa \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00e1ratug 21. aldar, er \u00feessi: \u00cdslendingar teljast vera \u00ed h\u00f3pi 10 r\u00edkustu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a heims. Samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur blasa hvarvetna vi\u00f0 vankantar og veilur, sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum vel efni \u00e1 a\u00f0 leysa og l\u00fdsa l\u00edka fur\u00f0ulegu fyrirhyggjuleysi og sj\u00faski \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu. D\u00e6mi: &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Skattkerfi<\/strong>: Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn, sem hefur r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 r\u00edkjum \u00ed fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneytinu lengur en elstu menn muna, hefur hanna\u00f0 skattkerfi sem l\u00e6kkar skattheimtu \u00e1 h\u00e1tekjuf\u00f3lk, (eignatekjur, arf og fyrirt\u00e6kjarekstur), og hefur f\u00e6rt skattbyr\u00f0ina \u00e1 sama t\u00edma \u00e1 l\u00e6gstu- og millitekjuh\u00f3pa. H\u00e9r \u00e1 landi hefur veri\u00f0 gengi\u00f0 lengra \u00ed \u00feessa \u00e1tt \u00e1 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjut\u00edmabilinu en v\u00ed\u00f0ast hvar \u00e1 Vesturl\u00f6ndum (bls. 194).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hi\u00f0 f\u00e9lagslega h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0iskerfi,<\/strong> sem Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokkurinn kom \u00e1 1929, var allt \u00ed einu lagt ni\u00f0ur 1999 og 11.000 \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ir seldar. \u00deetta flokkast undir hrein <em>skemmdarverk.<\/em> \u00cd sta\u00f0inn var stofna\u00f0ur \u00cdb\u00fa\u00f0al\u00e1nasj\u00f3\u00f0ur r\u00edkisins sem n\u00fa er gjald\u00ferota. Eftir stendur \u00f3leyst deila um \u00fea\u00f0, hvorir eigi a\u00f0 bera ska\u00f0ann, skattgrei\u00f0endur e\u00f0a ellil\u00edfeyris\u00feegar. Marka\u00f0urinn \u00e1tti a\u00f0 leysa m\u00e1li\u00f0. En vi\u00f0 sitjum uppi me\u00f0 mannfjandsamlegt <em>b\u00f3luhagkerfi <\/em>\u00e1 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0ismarka\u00f0num, sem lokar leigjendur inni \u00ed <em>f\u00e1t\u00e6ktargildru<\/em> og \u00fatilokar ungu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ina fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r upp \u00feaki yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0i\u00f0 vegna \u00f3vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegra kjara. H\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0ismarka\u00f0num er helst a\u00f0 l\u00edkja vi\u00f0 fj\u00e1rh\u00e6ttuspil, \u00fear sem l\u00e1nasamningar standast ekki og l\u00e1ntakendur eru hnepptir \u00ed <em>skulda\u00fer\u00e6ld\u00f3m.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cd <strong>heilbrig\u00f0ism\u00e1lum<\/strong> r\u00edkir v\u00e6gast sagt ney\u00f0ar\u00e1stand: \u201eEftir 2003 t\u00f3k vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0varandi ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00edslenska heilbrig\u00f0iskerfinu alveg fram a\u00f0 Hruni, og \u00ed kreppunni eftir Hrun, \u00feegar fj\u00e1rm\u00e1l hins opinbera voru s\u00e9rstaklega erfi\u00f0, voru \u00fatgj\u00f6ld til heilbrig\u00f0ism\u00e1la skorin ni\u00f0ur&#8230;\u00deetta var \u00feungt h\u00f6gg fyrir heilbrig\u00f0iskerfi\u00f0, mikill ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0ur \u00ed kreppu ofan \u00e1 langvarandi ni\u00f0urskur\u00f0. Spara\u00f0 var \u00ed mannahaldi og t\u00e6kjakaupum svo mj\u00f6g, a\u00f0 \u00feegar a\u00f0 uppsveiflu atvinnul\u00edfsins kom eftir 2010, m\u00e1tti strax greina, hversu erfi\u00f0 sta\u00f0a heilbrig\u00f0iskerfisins var\u201c (bls. 317). L\u00e6knar fl\u00fdja land, l\u00e6knaskortur or\u00f0inn vi\u00f0varandi og bi\u00f0listarnir hrannast upp. \u00dea\u00f0 er eins og \u00feetta s\u00e9 gert skv. handb\u00f3k marka\u00f0str\u00fabo\u00f0sins \u201eStarve the beast\u201c \u2013 <em>sveltum skr\u00edmsli\u00f0<\/em> \u2013 sem er i\u00f0ulega beitt til a\u00f0 \u00fdta undir kr\u00f6fur um einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingu \u00ed heilbrig\u00f0iskerfinu. &nbsp;Aflei\u00f0ingin ver\u00f0ur tv\u00edskipt heilbrig\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3nusta: l\u00faxus fyrir hina r\u00edku, en s\u00fdnu lakari fyrir hina efnaminni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ofursker\u00f0ingar<\/strong> \u00ed \u00edslenska almannatryggingakerfinu (bls. 282). \u00de\u00f3tt \u00edslenska l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0akerfi\u00f0, sem verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin kn\u00fa\u00f0i fram \u00ed verkfalls\u00e1t\u00f6kum &nbsp;1969\/70 ,s\u00e9 vel fj\u00e1rmagna\u00f0 (sj\u00f3\u00f0akerfi), er enn langt \u00ed land a\u00f0 l\u00edfeyrir sj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laga dugi til a\u00f0 tryggja afkomu. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur fer \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 offari \u00ed a\u00f0 sker\u00f0a grunnl\u00edfeyri almannatrygginga vegna annarra tekna l\u00edfeyris\u00feega. \u00dea\u00f0 liggur vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00cdsland s\u00e9 heimsmetshafi \u00ed \u00feessari i\u00f0ju (sj\u00e1 t\u00f6flu bls. 283).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Um \u00feetta segir Stef\u00e1n: \u201e\u00dear sem sker\u00f0ing grei\u00f0slna almannatrygginga er n\u00e1l\u00e6gt 50% af \u00fev\u00ed sem f\u00f3lk f\u00e6r \u00far l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0um, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00feetta fyrirkomulag \u00edgildi \u00feess, a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 nj\u00f3ti sem svarar <em>allri \u00e1v\u00f6xtun fj\u00e1rins<\/em> \u00ed l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0um me\u00f0 l\u00e6kku\u00f0um \u00fatgj\u00f6ldum almannatrygginga vegna l\u00edfeyrisgrei\u00f0slna. Sker\u00f0ingarnar skila \u00fev\u00ed. S\u00ed\u00f0an b\u00e6tist vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 tekur r\u00famlega 20% af heildarl\u00edfeyristekjum f\u00f3lks \u00ed tekjuskatt, \u00feannig a\u00f0 samanl\u00f6g\u00f0 <em>sker\u00f0ing og skattur<\/em> ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 bilinu 70-80% hj\u00e1 \u00feeim sem eru \u00e1 l\u00edfeyri fr\u00e1 l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0um \u00e1 bilinu 25-600.000 kr. \u00e1 m\u00e1nu\u00f0i\u201c. &#8211; &#8211; <strong>&nbsp;\u00deetta<\/strong> <strong>samsvarar 70-80% ja\u00f0arskattlagninu \u00e1 tekjum l\u00edfeyris\u00feega<\/strong>. \u00deetta er \u00ed einu or\u00f0i sagt sv\u00edvir\u00f0ilegt. Ekki sakar a\u00f0 geta \u00feess, a\u00f0 ca. helmingur af \u00fatgreiddum l\u00edfeyri l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0a er \u00e1v\u00f6xtun fj\u00e1r og \u00e6tti \u00feess vegna a\u00f0 skattleggjast sem fj\u00e1rmagnstekjur (20%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rentus\u00f3kn og einka(vina)v\u00e6\u00f0ing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allt eru \u00feetta alvarlegar veilur \u00ed samf\u00e9lagsger\u00f0 okkar, sem sj\u00f6tta r\u00edkasta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed heimi hefur vel efni \u00e1 a\u00f0 lagf\u00e6ra. En m\u00e1li\u00f0 sn\u00fdst um v\u00f6ld. Allt er \u00feetta, sem \u00e1\u00f0ur var raki\u00f0, aflei\u00f0ing af eftirs\u00f3kn fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda eftir einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingu r\u00edkiseigna og samf\u00e9lags\u00fej\u00f3nustu, sem er kjarninn \u00ed hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i marka\u00f0str\u00fabo\u00f0sins. S\u00edst af \u00f6llu m\u00e1 vanmeta p\u00f3lit\u00edsk v\u00f6ld og \u00e1hrif \u00feessara afla. Alvarlegasta meinsemdin \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsger\u00f0 okkar \u00e1 sl. \u00e1ratugum er \u2013 &nbsp;og hefur veri\u00f0&nbsp; &#8211; &nbsp;<em>einkav\u00e6\u00f0ing sj\u00e1varau\u00f0lindarinnar.<\/em> H\u00fan hefur \u00fe\u00fdtt millif\u00e6rslu hundru\u00f0a milljar\u00f0a kr\u00f3na \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum til \u00fatvalins h\u00f3ps \u00fatger\u00f0ara\u00f0als, allt \u00ed skj\u00f3li p\u00f3lit\u00edsks valds. \u00deessu er helst a\u00f0 l\u00edkja vi\u00f0 yfirt\u00f6ku <em>r\u00fassnesku \u00f3l\u00edgarkanna \u00ed kringum<\/em> <em>P\u00fat\u00edn<\/em> \u00e1 au\u00f0lindum r\u00fassneska r\u00edkisins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sama er a\u00f0 segja um einkav\u00e6\u00f0ingu r\u00edkisbankanna \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma til skj\u00f3lst\u00e6\u00f0inga stj\u00f3rnarflokkanna, Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokks, fyrir gjafvir\u00f0i og \u00ed tr\u00e1ssi vi\u00f0 allar reglur \u00ed si\u00f0u\u00f0u samf\u00e9lagi. \u00dea\u00f0 var st\u00e6rsta einstaka misgj\u00f6r\u00f0in, sem leiddi til hruns \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arb\u00fasins \u00e1ri\u00f0 2008. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum ekki enn s\u00e9\u00f0 fyrir endann \u00e1 aflei\u00f0ingum \u00feess. \u00cd b\u00f3k sinni varar Stef\u00e1n okkur vi\u00f0 (bls.390):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e\u00c1ri\u00f0 2004 uppl\u00fdsti helsti hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0ingur n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00ed erlendri bla\u00f0agrein, a\u00f0 Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson og f\u00f3lki\u00f0 \u00ed kringum hann v\u00e6ri me\u00f0 \u00e1form um a\u00f0 einkav\u00e6\u00f0a meira og kr\u00f6ftuglegar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, til d\u00e6mis <em>orkulindir, h\u00e1lendi\u00f0, og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnanir<\/em> (<em>sparisj\u00f3\u00f0ina), sk\u00f3la og heilbrig\u00f0isstofnanir.<\/em> Allt \u00feetta var \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 og sumt n\u00e1\u00f0ist fram, t.d. sala orkuveitu Su\u00f0urnesja til erlends sp\u00e1kaupmanns. Sparisj\u00f3\u00f0akerfi\u00f0 var ey\u00f0ilagt og yfirteki\u00f0 af einkab\u00f6nkum og \u00e1form voru uppi me\u00f0 <em>einkasj\u00fakrah\u00fas\u201c.<\/em> \u201e\u00de\u00e1 hafa Vi\u00f0skiptar\u00e1\u00f0 og Samt\u00f6k atvinnul\u00edfsins \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 reifa\u00f0 \u00e1form um a\u00f0 einkav\u00e6\u00f0a allar byggingar hins opinbera (skrifstofur, sk\u00f3lah\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i, \u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttah\u00fas, kirkjur, menningarbyggingar o.s.frv.). Samskonar \u00e1form eru \u00edtreka\u00f0 kynnt var\u00f0andi samg\u00f6nguinnvi\u00f0i.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e9rstaklega er \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 hafa vara \u00e1 vegna \u00e1forma um n\u00fdjan einkageira \u00ed orkuvinnslu h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, \u00fe.e. vindorkugar\u00f0a, sem ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00ed eigu erlendra fj\u00e1rfesta. (390)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Afl \u00feeirra hluta, sem gera skal.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hva\u00f0 er til r\u00e1\u00f0a?<\/strong> Stef\u00e1n bindur greinilega vonir vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00feekki sinn vitjunart\u00edma og beiti afli s\u00ednu til verndar velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkinu. Einn kaflinn \u00ed b\u00f3kinni ber heiti\u00f0 \u201e<em>\u00d6flugasta verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfing \u00ed heimi\u201c<\/em> (bls.133). R\u00f6kin fyrir \u00fev\u00ed eru, a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi er h\u00e6rra hlutfall f\u00f3lks \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i \u00ed st\u00e9ttaf\u00e9l\u00f6gum en annars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 bygg\u00f0u b\u00f3li, yfir 90% (sj\u00e1 t\u00f6flu 134). Einnig bendir Stef\u00e1n \u00e1, a\u00f0 har\u00f0v\u00edtug kjarabar\u00e1tta verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar \u00e1 li\u00f0inni \u00f6ld\u2013 oft stutt verkf\u00f6llum \u2013 (\u00e1 t\u00edmum H\u00e9\u00f0ins og Hannibals, Ebba \u00ed Dagsbr\u00fan og Gu\u00f0mundar Jaka) hafi bjarga\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, sem bjarga\u00f0 var\u00f0, til a\u00f0 halda uppi kaupm\u00e6tti og l\u00edfskj\u00f6rum \u00ed \u00feeirri \u00f3\u00f0aver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu, sem \u00fe\u00e1 r\u00edkti. \u00deannig hafi \u00cdslendingar sm\u00e1m saman l\u00e6rt a\u00f0 lifa me\u00f0 ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgunni, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 eignatilf\u00e6rslur og kjarasker\u00f0ingar- venjulegir fylgifiskar ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu \u2013 &nbsp;hafi bitna\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feeim af fulllum \u00feunga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cd \u00feessu samhengi segir Stef\u00e1n:\u201e\u00cdsland hefur ekki b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00f6flugan jafna\u00f0armannaflokk e\u00f0a verkal\u00fd\u00f0sflokk, sem hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed r\u00e1\u00f0andi st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed \u00e1ratugi, eins og var \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn hefur \u00cdsland b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00f6flugri verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingu, sem hefur i\u00f0ulega \u00fer\u00fdst \u00e1 umb\u00e6tur \u00ed velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1lum og l\u00edfskjaram\u00e1lum, oft me\u00f0 sk\u00edrskotun til \u00feess, a\u00f0 hinar norr\u00e6nu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0irnar standi okkur framar \u00e1 umr\u00e6ddum svi\u00f0um. \u00deetta hefur veri\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gt og tryggt \u00cdslandi betra velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki en ella v\u00e6ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almennur \u00fer\u00fdstingur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar og vinstri flokka, \u00feegar \u00feeir hafa fengi\u00f0 t\u00edmabundna samningsst\u00f6\u00f0u um \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00ed samsteypustj\u00f3rnum me\u00f0 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokki e\u00f0a Frams\u00f3knarflokki, hafa \u00fe\u00f3 ekki duga\u00f0 til a\u00f0 berja \u00ed alla brestina \u00ed velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1lunum. \u00dev\u00ed hefur verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin oft gripti\u00f0 til \u00feess r\u00e1\u00f0s a\u00f0 beita kjarasamningum til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 fram n\u00fdm\u00e6lum \u00ed skipan velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1la, sem og lagf\u00e6ringum \u00e1 vanb\u00fanu velfer\u00f0arkerfi. Eftirfarandi d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna um afgerandi inngrip verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar og vi\u00f0semjenda hennar \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3un velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkis \u00e1 \u00cdslandi (bls. 323):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tilur\u00f0 verkamannab\u00fasta\u00f0arkerfisins \u00e1ri\u00f0 1929 og s\u00ed\u00f0ar f\u00e9lagslega h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0iskerfisins til 1999.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atvinnuleysistryggingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur \u00e1ri\u00f0 1955<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Framkv\u00e6mdanefnd bygginga\u00e1\u00e6tlunar \u2013 \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ir fyrir l\u00e1glaunaf\u00f3lk \u00ed Brei\u00f0holti \u00e1ri\u00f0 1965<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stofnun l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00e1 almennum marka\u00f0i \u00ed kjarasamningum \u00e1ri\u00f0 1969<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sj\u00fakrasj\u00f3\u00f0ir verkal\u00fd\u00f0sf\u00e9laga stofna\u00f0ir upp \u00far 1980 og sami\u00f0 um laun \u00ed veikindum (1-3 m\u00e1n.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VIRK \u2013 starfsendurh\u00e6fingarsj\u00f3\u00f0ur, sem&nbsp; stofna\u00f0ur var me\u00f0 kjarasamningum \u00e1ri\u00f0 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BJARG \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0af\u00e9lag um leigu\u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ir fyrir l\u00e1glaunaf\u00f3lk, stofna\u00f0 me\u00f0 kjarasamningum \u00e1ri\u00f0 2015<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c1herslur \u00ed velfer\u00f0arm\u00e1lum \u2013 \u00fer\u00fdst \u00e1 uppf\u00e6rslur upph\u00e6\u00f0a og sker\u00f0ingarreglna \u00ed velfer\u00f0arkerfinu (hluti af kjarasamningum).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c1herslur til umb\u00f3ta \u00ed skattam\u00e1lum, h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0ism\u00e1lum, fj\u00f6lskyldum\u00e1lum og almennum r\u00e9ttindum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00edfskjarasamningur \u00e1ri\u00f0 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u00f0 kunnum fleiri d\u00e6mi \u00far s\u00f6gu seinustu aldar um st\u00f3rm\u00e1l, sem breyttu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu til hins betra og n\u00e1\u00f0u fram a\u00f0 ganga \u00e1 Al\u00feingi me\u00f0 samningum vi\u00f0 andst\u00e6\u00f0inga \u00ed samsteypustj\u00f3rnum. D\u00e6mi: Almannatryggingar (1936), heildarendursko\u00f0un almannatrygginga (1946), l\u00f6gfesting \u00e1 samningsr\u00e9tti st\u00e9ttarf\u00e9laga um kaup og kj\u00f6r (1938), s\u00f6mu laun fyrir s\u00f6mu vinnu (1960), \u00fatf\u00e6rsla landhelginnar (1954-75) \u00ed 200 sj\u00f3m\u00edlur, inngangan \u00ed EFTA (1970), skattkerfisbyltingin (1987\/88) og EES-samningurinn (1994), sem hefur veri\u00f0 helsti bur\u00f0ar\u00e1s \u00edslensks efnahagsl\u00edfs alla t\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an. Allt eru \u00feetta d\u00e6mi um alv\u00f6rustj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l, sem skila \u00e1rangri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sameinumst um meginmarkmi\u00f0in.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00cd upphafi<\/strong> \u00feessarar greinar var a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed viki\u00f0, a\u00f0 alv\u00f6rup\u00f3lit\u00edk snerist hvorki um samkv\u00e6misleiki n\u00e9 s\u00fdndarmennsku. H\u00fan sn\u00fdst um v\u00f6ld. V\u00f6ld fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda \u00ed efnahagsl\u00edfinu eru mikil. S\u00f6lsi \u00feeir l\u00edka undir sig p\u00f3lit\u00edska valdi\u00f0, skapast h\u00e6tta \u00e1 <em>au\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/em> Vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkar kringumst\u00e6\u00f0ur er ekkert andst\u00f6\u00f0uafl (e. \u201e<em>counterveiling power<\/em>\u201c&nbsp; sbr. Galbraith). \u00dear me\u00f0 er t\u00f3mt m\u00e1l a\u00f0 tala um l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i <em>nema sem s\u00fdndarveruleika<\/em>. Bandar\u00edskt l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i ber n\u00fa \u00feegar greinileg sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkenni &nbsp;\u00feessa \u00e1stands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Veikleiki \u00edslenska flokkakerfisins er, a\u00f0 \u00fear er hvergi lengur a\u00f0 finna hinn p\u00f3lit\u00edska arm verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar, sem hefur vald hennar a\u00f0 bakhjarli; &nbsp;og hefur \u00fear me\u00f0 bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 breyta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu almannahagsmuna, \u00feegar \u00e1 reynir. H\u00e6ttan er s\u00fa, ef upp sprettur fj\u00f6ldi sm\u00e1flokka, a\u00f0 \u00feeir ver\u00f0i l\u00edti\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en m\u00e1lfundakl\u00fabbar, sem f\u00e1 engu breytt sem m\u00e1li skiptir. Reynslan sannar \u00feetta: L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn, \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0varnarflokkurinn, Flokkur mannsins, Bandalag jafna\u00f0armanna, Frj\u00e1lslyndi flokkurinn, \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0vaki, Bj\u00f6rt framt\u00ed\u00f0 og hva\u00f0 \u00feeir n\u00fa allir h\u00e9tu &#8211; &nbsp;allt er \u00feetta gleymt og grafi\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvennalistinn var d\u00e6mi um eins m\u00e1ls flokk. \u00d3beinu \u00e1hrifin voru \u00feau, a\u00f0 a\u00f0rir flokkar fj\u00f6lgu\u00f0u konum \u00ed frambo\u00f0i. En almenningur er a\u00f0 engu b\u00e6ttari \u00fe\u00f3tt kvenl\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum fj\u00f6lgi \u00ed \u00feingflokki Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins. Hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i feminismans heyrir undir mannr\u00e9ttindi. Mannr\u00e9ttindabar\u00e1ttan \u00e1 heima \u00ed brei\u00f0fylkingu umb\u00f3taafla, \u00fear sem bar\u00e1ttan er h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00f6rgum svi\u00f0um. Sl\u00edk brei\u00f0fylking \u00fearf a\u00f0 sameinast um meginmarkmi\u00f0in. Og h\u00fan ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 hafa umbur\u00f0arlyndi gagnvart \u00e1greiningi um framkv\u00e6mdir e\u00f0a minnih\u00e1ttar m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ST\u00d3RU UMB\u00d3TAM\u00c1LIN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hver eru st\u00f3ru m\u00e1lin<\/strong> sem umb\u00f3ta\u00f6flin ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 sameinast um og hrinda \u00ed framkv\u00e6md til \u00feess a\u00f0 breyta \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi \u00ed vanda til hins betra? H\u00e9r kemur listinn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0areign \u00e1 au\u00f0lindum:<\/strong> Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 taka af skari\u00f0 um, a\u00f0 allar au\u00f0lindir \u00cdslendinga, hverju nafni sem nefnast, \u00e1 l\u00e1\u00f0i, legi e\u00f0a lofti, skuli vera \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 ekki bara vi\u00f0 um sj\u00e1varau\u00f0lindina. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1 l\u00edka vi\u00f0 um landi\u00f0 utan eignarmarka b\u00fajar\u00f0a og um alla virkjunarkosti, \u00fe.m.t. framlei\u00f0slu og dreifingu \u00e1 orku. Og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um vatni\u00f0, sem fyrirsj\u00e1anlega mun ver\u00f0a ver\u00f0m\u00e6tasta au\u00f0lind okkar \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni. S\u00e9rstaklega ver\u00f0um vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 varast \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 missa forr\u00e6\u00f0i yfir orkulindunum. Reynsla okkar af framlei\u00f0slu og dreifingu orku sem \u00f3hagna\u00f0ardrifinni samf\u00e9lags\u00fej\u00f3nustu er g\u00f3\u00f0. Hana ber a\u00f0 var\u00f0veita. S\u00f6mu s\u00f6gu er a\u00f0 segja um landi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft og g\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feess.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Au\u00f0lindarentan renni \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0<\/strong>. Einkav\u00e6\u00f0ing sj\u00e1varau\u00f0lindarinnar \u00ed tr\u00e1ssi vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g og reglur er s\u00e1rasta meinsemd okkar samf\u00e9lags \u00ed dag. Hundru\u00f0 milljar\u00f0a af almannaf\u00e9 \u2013 au\u00f0lindarenta s.l. h\u00e1lfan annan \u00e1ratug \u2013 hefur \u00ed skj\u00f3li p\u00f3lit\u00edsks valds veri\u00f0 afhent f\u00e1mennum h\u00f3pi forr\u00e9ttindaa\u00f0als til eignar og erf\u00f0a. \u00dear me\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 sk\u00f6pu\u00f0 ofurr\u00edk forr\u00e9ttindast\u00e9tt me\u00f0 gr\u00ed\u00f0arleg p\u00f3lit\u00edsk v\u00f6ld, sem eru <em>l\u00edfsh\u00e6ttuleg l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu<\/em> \u00ed svo f\u00e1mennu samf\u00e9lagi. \u00dea\u00f0 eru a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a <em>seinustu forv\u00f6\u00f0<\/em> a\u00f0 breyta \u00feessu. Um \u00feetta meginm\u00e1l ver\u00f0ur brei\u00f0fylking umb\u00f3taafla a\u00f0 sameinast. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum ekki a\u00f0 finna upp hj\u00f3li\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim efnum. \u00dear n\u00e6gir a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra af reynslu Nor\u00f0manna sem v\u00edsa heiminum veginn var\u00f0and n\u00fdtingu au\u00f0linda \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e9ttl\u00e1tt skattkerfi<\/strong>. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 sn\u00faa vi\u00f0 \u201e<em>st\u00f3ru skatttilf\u00e6rslunni<\/em>\u201c til fyrra horfs og lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta ofurskattlagningu r\u00edkisins \u00e1 tekjum l\u00edfeyris\u00feega. \u00cd skattkerfisbyltingunni sem \u00e9g st\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir 1987\/88 \u2013 sta\u00f0grei\u00f0slukerfi skatta me\u00f0 meiru \u2013 fengu hinir l\u00e6gstlaunu\u00f0u meira fr\u00e1 skattinum en \u00feau borgu\u00f0u \u00ed sta\u00f0grei\u00f0slu (bls. 195). \u00dea\u00f0 var vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 skattleysism\u00f6rk voru h\u00e6rri en l\u00e6gstu laun og \u00f3skertur l\u00edfeyrir almannatrygginga, og a\u00f0 auki f\u00e9kk tekjul\u00e1gt f\u00f3lk barnab\u00e6tur og vaxtab\u00e6tur fr\u00e1 r\u00edkinu. Skattranns\u00f3knir ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 efla me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir augum a\u00f0 loka undankomulei\u00f0um hinna ofurr\u00edku fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 borga sinn skerf til samf\u00e9lagsins. Breyta \u00fearf \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem einkum nj\u00f3ta ar\u00f0s af fj\u00e1rmagni, grei\u00f0i ekkert til sinna sveitarf\u00e9laga. St\u00f3rauknar ranns\u00f3knir undanfarinna \u00e1ra \u00e1 skattundandr\u00e6tti og svikum hinna ofurr\u00edku (skattaparad\u00edsir teljast vera allt a\u00f0 \u00feri\u00f0ja st\u00e6rsta hagkerfi heimsins \u00e1 t\u00edmum n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar) hefur b\u00e6tt \u00feekkingu okkar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, hvernig \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkin geta framfylgt r\u00e9ttl\u00e1tu skattkerfi \u00fat yfir landam\u00e6ri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Endurreisn f\u00e9lagslega h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0iskerfisins<\/strong>. &nbsp;\u00dea\u00f0 er varla til s\u00fa borg \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu sem ekki \u00e1 a\u00f0 baki langa s\u00f6gu um f\u00e9lagsleg \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0ism\u00e1lum. Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 fimmtungur til \u00feri\u00f0jungur alls \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0ah\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0is ver\u00f0i bygg\u00f0ur undir formerkjum \u00f3hagna\u00f0ardrifinnar samf\u00e9lags\u00fej\u00f3nustu. R\u00e9ttur fj\u00f6lskyldna til manns\u00e6mandi h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0is \u00e1 vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegum kj\u00f6rum og til langs t\u00edma flokkast undir mannr\u00e9ttindi. Um \u00feetta verkefni eiga r\u00edki\u00f0, sveitaf\u00e9l\u00f6g og verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingin a\u00f0 sameinast.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Heilbrigt heilbrig\u00f0iskerfi<\/strong>. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 binda endi \u00e1 fj\u00e1rsvelti heilbrig\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3nustunnar. E\u00f0lilegt vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 um 11% af landsframlei\u00f0slu ver\u00f0i vari\u00f0 til heilbrig\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3nustunnar \u00ed sta\u00f0 8.6% (\u00e1ri\u00f0 2019, bls. 318).Skv. reynslu n\u00e1granna\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a okkar dugir \u00fea\u00f0 til a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagna g\u00f3\u00f0an a\u00f0b\u00fana\u00f0 heilbrig\u00f0isstofnana, b\u00e6ta kj\u00f6r starfsf\u00f3lks, binda endi \u00e1 bi\u00f0lista og tryggja a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00fej\u00f3nustu \u00e1 vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegum kj\u00f6rum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Framlei\u00f0sla og dreifing orku<\/strong> \u00far hreinum og endurn\u00fdjanlegum orkulindum ver\u00f0i h\u00e9r eftir sem hinga\u00f0 til \u00e1 forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkisins. \u00dea\u00f0 er frumforsenda \u00feess, a\u00f0 \u00cdsland geti sta\u00f0i\u00f0 vi\u00f0 skuldbindingar s\u00ednar um a\u00f0 draga \u00far mengun andr\u00famsloftsins af mannav\u00f6ldum. \u00dea\u00f0 getum vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0eins, a\u00f0 orkugeirinn ver\u00f0i \u00e1fram \u00e1 forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkisins sem \u00f3ahagna\u00f0ardrifin samf\u00e9lags\u00fej\u00f3nusta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A\u00f0l\u00f6gun innflytjenda: <\/strong>\u00c1greiningslaust er, a\u00f0 \u00cdsland \u00e1 a\u00f0 standa vi\u00f0 skuldbindingar s\u00ednar skv. fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamningum um a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 h\u00e6lisleitendum \u00e1 s\u00f3masamlegan h\u00e1tt. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti ver\u00f0um vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sn\u00ed\u00f0a okkur stakk eftir vexti. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir, a\u00f0 rauns\u00e6tt mat \u00e1 getu okkar til a\u00f0 a\u00f0laga fj\u00f6lda innflytjenda a\u00f0 \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a fj\u00f6lda innflytjenda fr\u00e1 \u00e1ri til \u00e1rs. Reynsla grann\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a af vandr\u00e6\u00f0um vegna vanmats a\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti og vanefnda (h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i, atvinna og sk\u00f3laganga barna o.fl.) er <em>v\u00edti til a\u00f0 varast<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega traustur gjaldmi\u00f0ill og afn\u00e1m ver\u00f0tryggingar<\/strong>. \u00deetta er verkefni sem brei\u00f0fylking umb\u00f3taafla ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 n\u00e1 samst\u00f6\u00f0u um til langs t\u00edma. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki tilefni til skyndi\u00e1kvar\u00f0ana. En lausn \u00e1 \u00feessum vanda er skilyr\u00f0i fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 a\u00f0rar umb\u00e6tur skili \u00e1rangri \u00feegar til lengri t\u00edma er liti\u00f0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LOKAOR\u00d0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cd upphafi \u00feessarar greinar var b\u00f3k Stef\u00e1ns \u00d3lafssonar l\u00fdst sem handb\u00f3k umb\u00f3tamannsins. B\u00f3kin er n\u00e1ma uppl\u00fdsinga um \u00fea\u00f0 sem m\u00e1li skiptir. \u00dear er a\u00f0 finna n\u00e1nari \u00fatf\u00e6rslu \u00e1 flestum \u00feeim umb\u00f3tatill\u00f6gum, sem h\u00e9r hafa veri\u00f0 reifa\u00f0ar, \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki s\u00e9 listinn t\u00e6mandi. En \u00fe\u00f3 or\u00f0 s\u00e9u til alls fyrst og n\u00e1kv\u00e6m \u00fatf\u00e6rsla \u00feessara tillagna \u00ed lagaformi s\u00e9 nau\u00f0synleg, \u201egj\u00f6rir \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f6ngva sto\u00f0\u201c, ef ekki fylgir afl a\u00f0 baki, sem getur hrundi\u00f0 till\u00f6gunum \u00ed framkv\u00e6md. <em>P\u00f3lit\u00edk er nefnilega ekki samkv\u00e6misleikur og s\u00fdndarmennska. P\u00f3lit\u00edk sn\u00fdst um v\u00f6ld.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9g geri \u00fea\u00f0 h\u00e9r me\u00f0 a\u00f0 till\u00f6gu minni, a\u00f0 Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0usamband \u00cdslands \u2013 heildarsamt\u00f6k vinnandi f\u00f3lks &nbsp;\u2013 r\u00e1\u00f0i Stef\u00e1n \u00d3lafsson til s\u00edn og feli honum, \u00ed samr\u00e1\u00f0i vi\u00f0 s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga a\u00f0 hans vali &nbsp;\u00ed skattam\u00e1lum, au\u00f0lindap\u00f3lit\u00edk og peningam\u00e1lahagfr\u00e6\u00f0i, a\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6ra \u00feessar till\u00f6gur \u00ed heildst\u00e6tt pr\u00f3gram fyrir n\u00e6stu kosningar. Og kve\u00f0ji svo til fulltr\u00faa \u00feeirra sex stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laflokka. sem n\u00fa keppa innbyr\u00f0is um fylgi f\u00f3lks \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0u, a\u00f0 sameinast \u00ed kosningabandalagi, \u00fear sem \u00feeir skuldbindi sig til samstarfs um \u00feessi meginm\u00e1l. \u00dear me\u00f0 g\u00e6fist \u00edslenskum kj\u00f3sendum t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til \u00feess \u00ed fyrsta sinn a\u00f0 velja milli sk\u00fdrt afmarka\u00f0ra valkosta, sem eru<strong>: \u00d3beisla\u00f0ur kap\u00edtalismi a\u00f0 h\u00e6tti USA e\u00f0a norr\u00e6nt velfer\u00f0arr\u00edki. &nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(<em>H\u00f6f. var forma\u00f0ur Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins \u2013 jafna\u00f0armannaflokks \u00cdslands, 1984-1996. Seinasta b\u00f3k hans: T\u00e6pitungulaust \u2013 l\u00edfssko\u00f0un jafna\u00f0armanns, kom \u00fat 2019).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dea\u00f0 sk\u00fdtur sk\u00f6kku vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fessor \u00far f\u00edlabeinsturni &nbsp;akadem\u00edunnar (H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands) skuli \u00feurfa til a\u00f0 minna okkur \u00e1, a\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edk er ekki samkv\u00e6misleikur og s\u00fdndarmennska, eins og sumir vir\u00f0ast halda.P\u00f3l\u00edt\u00edk sn\u00fdst um v\u00f6ld. \u00dea\u00f0 er kjarni m\u00e1lsins \u00ed n\u00fdjustu b\u00f3k Dr. Stef\u00e1ns \u00d3lafssonar, sem hann nefnir: Bar\u00e1ttan um bjargirnar \u2013 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l og st\u00e9ttabar\u00e1tta \u00ed m\u00f3tun &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3223\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;BREI\u00d0FYLKING UMB\u00d3TAAFLA&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3223"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3226,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3223\/revisions\/3226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}