{"id":3228,"date":"2022-12-14T09:19:19","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T09:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3228"},"modified":"2023-06-29T09:28:27","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T09:28:27","slug":"johannesargudspjall-hid-nyja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3228","title":{"rendered":"J\u00d3HANNESARGU\u00d0SPJALL (hi\u00f0 n\u00fdja)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lifa\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00f6ldinni<\/strong>, endurminningar J\u00f3hannesar Nordal, er \u00ferekvirki, enda \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00e1r \u00ed sm\u00ed\u00f0um. Sj\u00e1lfur er h\u00f6fundurinn a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast 100 \u00e1ra afm\u00e6li\u00f0. \u00deetta er stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la- og hagsaga \u00cdslands \u00e1 20stu \u00f6ld. Hva\u00f0 \u00e6tli J\u00f3hannes hafi lifa\u00f0 af marga fors\u00e6tis- og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00e1 sinni t\u00ed\u00f0? En alltaf bl\u00edfur J\u00f3hannes \u2013 okkar \u00fatg\u00e1fa af hinum mennta\u00f0a einvalda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Honum dvaldist vi\u00f0 n\u00e1mi\u00f0 \u00ed London, m.a. vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hann smita\u00f0ist alvarlega af berklum og var vart huga\u00f0 l\u00edf. \u00c6tli s\u00fa l\u00edfsreynsla hafi ekki eflt hann a\u00f0 viti og \u00feroska? A\u00f0 lokinni \u00feessari eldsk\u00edrn lukust dyr Landsbankans upp fyrir honum. Landsbankinn var \u00fe\u00e1 l\u00edka se\u00f0labanki me\u00f0 einkar\u00e9tt \u00e1 se\u00f0laprentun. Hann var Se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ri \u00e1 4\u00f0a \u00e1ratug \u2013 heimsmet, ekki satt?<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

BRAUTRY\u00d0JANDI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hann ruddi brautina \u00e1 fleiri svi\u00f0um. Hann var hinn eiginlegi stj\u00f3rnarforma\u00f0ur \u00cdslands. Forma\u00f0ur st\u00f3ri\u00f0junefndar. Stofnandi Landsvirkjunar. Samningama\u00f0ur r\u00edkisins vi\u00f0 s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0inga fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra au\u00f0hringa sem vildu n\u00fdta r\u00edkulegar orkulindir \u00edslendinga. J\u00f3hannes st\u00fdr\u00f0i samningunum fyrir okkar h\u00f6nd, b\u00e6\u00f0i um orkuver\u00f0 og skattgrei\u00f0slur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um lei\u00f0 var hann arftaki f\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00edns sem einskonar menningarp\u00e1fi. Stj\u00f3rnarforma\u00f0ur v\u00edsindasj\u00f3\u00f0s \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i hug- og raunv\u00edsinda. \u00datdeildi styrkjum. St\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir \u00fatg\u00e1fu fornrita. Sat \u00ed stj\u00f3rn Almenna b\u00f3kaf\u00e9lagsins. \u00dea\u00f0 var stofna\u00f0 til a\u00f0 and\u00e6fa fyrirfer\u00f0 Moskvuhollra komm\u00fanista \u00ed menningarl\u00edfinu. Vann me\u00f0 Ragnari \u00ed Sm\u00e1ra vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vekja menningarriti\u00f0 Helgafell aftur til l\u00edfsins. \u00c1hrifa hans g\u00e6tti v\u00ed\u00f0a \u2013 ekki s\u00edst bak vi\u00f0 tj\u00f6ldin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um hva\u00f0 sn\u00fdst \u00feetta? \u00deetta sn\u00fdst um p\u00f3lit\u00edk og hagstj\u00f3rn \u2013 \u00feetta tvennt sem ekki ver\u00f0ur sundur skili\u00f0. Me\u00f0 hva\u00f0a veganesti sn\u00e9ri hann heim? Hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0istr\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 um hvers konar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag geisa\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum \u00ed el\u00edtuh\u00e1sk\u00f3lunum bresku: \u00d3beisla\u00f0 marka\u00f0skerfi (au\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i) e\u00f0a blanda\u00f0 hagkerfi \u00fear sem marka\u00f0urinn lyti samf\u00e9lagslegri stj\u00f3rn. Hayek h\u00e9lt \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 r\u00edkisafskipti v\u00e6ru \u00e6vinlega af hinu illa og endu\u00f0u \u00ed alr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keynes s\u00fdndi fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 marka\u00f0urinn lei\u00f0r\u00e9tti sig ekki sj\u00e1lfur. Hann yr\u00f0i a\u00f0 l\u00fata samf\u00e9lagslegri stj\u00f3rn \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isr\u00edki, sem vildi halda uppi fullri atvinnu og stemma stigu vi\u00f0 miskiptingu au\u00f0s og tekna. Keynes vs. Hayek? Hvorum fylgdi J\u00f3hannes a\u00f0 m\u00e1lum? J\u00f3hannes segist sj\u00e1lfur hafa veri\u00f0 flokksbundinn \u00ed breska verkamannaflokknum. \u00c9g les \u00fea\u00f0 milli l\u00ednanna a\u00f0 J\u00f3hannes hafi veri\u00f0 einhvers konar h\u00e6gri krati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HUGMYNDAFR\u00c6\u00d0INGAR VI\u00d0REISNARSTJ\u00d3RNARINNAR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deungami\u00f0jan \u00ed \u00feessu mikla ritverki J\u00f3hannesar er fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn hans af Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rninni, r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokks (1959-1971) \u2013 \u00ferj\u00fa kj\u00f6rt\u00edmabil. Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rnarinnar er minnst fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00fan ger\u00f0i tilraun til \u201ekerfisbreytingar\u201c. Allt fram a\u00f0 \u00feeim t\u00edma h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00edslendingar, n\u00e1nast einir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a \u00ed V-Evr\u00f3pu, vi\u00f0haldi\u00f0 hafta- , sk\u00f6mmtunar- og leyfisveitingakerfi kreppu\u00e1ranna. \u00deetta var einskonar blanda af h\u00e1lfsov\u00e9sku r\u00edkisforsj\u00e1rkerfi og su\u00f0ur-amer\u00edskum \u201evensla-kap\u00edtalisma\u201c (hvorttveggja spillt fyrirgrei\u00f0slukerfi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sj\u00e1lft\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn haf\u00f0i seti\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6llum r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnum fr\u00e1 \u00e1runum 1944-1956 e\u00f0a m.\u00f6.o. \u00ed meira en \u00e1ratug eftir str\u00ed\u00f0. \u00deetta var flokkur sem bo\u00f0a\u00f0i einkaframtak, marka\u00f0slausnir og l\u00e1gmarksr\u00edkisafskipti af efnahagsl\u00edfinu. Reynslan af \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku flokksins, einnig \u00fear sem hann f\u00f3r me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarforystu, var hinsvegar \u00fever\u00f6fug \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann bo\u00f0a\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum sem \u201ehelmingaskiptareglan\u201c ver\u00f0ur grundvallarregla \u00edslenskrar stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu. R\u00edkisafskipti \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um voru allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi. R\u00e1\u00f0andi flokkar, Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is- og Frams\u00f3knarflokkur, neyttu a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u sinnar \u00ed r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn til a\u00f0 skipta flestum g\u00e6\u00f0um milli s\u00edn \u00e1 \u00e1hrifasv\u00e6\u00f0um, annars vegar kennt vi\u00f0 einkaframtak en hitt vi\u00f0 S\u00cdS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi\u00f0 var r\u00edkisreki\u00f0. Bankastj\u00f3rar voru p\u00f3lit\u00edskt r\u00e1\u00f0nir. Innflutningur var h\u00e1\u00f0ur leyfum og einokunarfyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 flokkana r\u00e9\u00f0u \u00fatflutningnum. Shell<\/em> tilheyr\u00f0i \u00edhaldinu, en Esso<\/em> S\u00cdS. Gr\u00f3\u00f0anum af hermanginu var skipt milli verktakafyrirt\u00e6kja flokkanna. Mannar\u00e1\u00f0ningar \u00ed opinbera kerfinu f\u00f3ru eftir flokkssk\u00edrteinum. L\u00e1nveitingar og l\u00f3\u00f0a\u00fathlutanir s\u00f6mulei\u00f0is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eKERFISBREYTING\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gengi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0argjaldmi\u00f0ilsins var p\u00f3lit\u00edskt \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0. Undir lokin kva\u00f0 svo rammt a\u00f0 r\u00edkisforsj\u00e1nni a\u00f0 einstaka tegundir \u00fatger\u00f0ar bjuggu vi\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaka gengisskr\u00e1ningu og nutu styrkja e\u00f0a ni\u00f0urgrei\u00f0slna til a\u00f0 halda s\u00e9r \u00e1 floti. \u00deegar allt var komi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f3efni og samkeppnish\u00e6fni \u00fatflutningsins \u00ferotin, var gengi\u00f0 fellt eftir \u00fe\u00f6rfum. Efnahagsl\u00edfi\u00f0 gekk \u00ed rykkjum og skrikkjum. P\u00f3lit\u00edkin snerist um a\u00f0 redda hlutunum \u00e1 seinustu stundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rnin marka\u00f0i t\u00edmam\u00f3t a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti, a\u00f0 h\u00fan reyndi a\u00f0 uppr\u00e6ta \u00feetta \u00f3fremdar\u00e1stand. H\u00fan bo\u00f0a\u00f0i kerfisbreytingu. Grundvallaratri\u00f0i\u00f0 var a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 gengi gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins r\u00e9tt. A\u00f0 afnema \u00feetta fl\u00f3kna kerfi millif\u00e6rslna, styrkja og ni\u00f0urgrei\u00f0slna. A\u00f0 afnema leyfisveitingar \u00ed innflutningi \u2013 gera innflutningsverslunina frj\u00e1lsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur var \u00fev\u00ed \u00fer\u00f6ng takm\u00f6rk sett, hversu langt var unnt a\u00f0 ganga \u00ed frj\u00e1lsr\u00e6\u00f0is\u00e1tt. \u00dea\u00f0 stranda\u00f0i \u00e1 Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokknum. Fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi\u00f0 var \u00e1fram r\u00edkisreki\u00f0. \u00datflutningurinn var \u00e1fram \u00ed h\u00f6ndum einokunarfyrirt\u00e6kja (SH, S\u00cdF og S\u00cdS). Vi\u00f0 \u00feurftum enn a\u00f0 b\u00ed\u00f0a m\u00f6rg \u00e1r \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00cdsland \u00fe\u00f3tti t\u00e6kt \u00ed fr\u00edverslun \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptum. \u00dea\u00f0 t\u00f3kst ekki fyrr en me\u00f0 inng\u00f6ngunni \u00ed EFTA (1970) og loks endanlega me\u00f0 EES-samningnum 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deR\u00cdEYKI\u00d0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En hverjir voru helstu hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0ingar Vi\u00f0reisnarinnar? \u00dea\u00f0 fer ekki milli m\u00e1la, skv. fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn J\u00f3hannesar, \u00ed \u00feessari b\u00f3k. \u00deeir voru \u00fer\u00edr: Gylfi \u00de. G\u00edslason, hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur og forma\u00f0ur Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uflokksins (\u00fe\u00e1verandi vi\u00f0skiptar\u00e1\u00f0herra), J\u00f3nas H Haralz, forstj\u00f3ri \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0hagsstofnunar og J\u00f3hannes Nordal, Se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ri. J\u00f3hannes sk\u00fdrir fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed (bls. 371) a\u00f0 \u00feeir \u00feremenningarnir hafi komi\u00f0 saman til fundar \u00ed Se\u00f0labankanum vikulega til \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a helstu m\u00e1l \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnarsamstarfsins. Einstakar till\u00f6gur \u00feeirra um kerfisumb\u00e6tur voru svo fyrirfer\u00f0amiklar \u00e1 fundum r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnarinnar a\u00f0 Bjarni Benediktsson, \u00fe\u00e1 d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra, kvarta\u00f0i undan \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ekkert k\u00e6mist a\u00f0 nema efnahagsm\u00e1lin. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fer\u00edeykinu var a\u00f0 finna b\u00e6\u00f0i hugmyndasmi\u00f0i og talsmenn kerfisbreytinga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VER\u00d0B\u00d3LGU\u00c1RATUGIRNIR<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svo kom bakslagi\u00f0: Frams\u00f3knar\u00e1ratugurinn \u2013 \u00f3\u00f0aver\u00f0b\u00f3lgan, sem n\u00e1\u00f0i h\u00e1marki \u00ed 130% ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgu \u00e1 \u00e1rsfj\u00f3r\u00f0ungi \u00ed r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn Frams\u00f3knar og Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubandalags undir forystu Gunnars Thoroddsen. Eil\u00edf\u00f0argl\u00edman vi\u00f0 ver\u00f0b\u00f3lguna f\u00f3r ekki a\u00f0 skila \u00e1rangri fyrr en \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar Steingr\u00edms Hermannssonar (1988-1991). \u00de\u00e1 t\u00f3kst, \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ars\u00e1ttar, fyrst a\u00f0 koma ver\u00f0b\u00f3lgunni ni\u00f0ur \u00ed einstafst\u00f6lu. \u00dea\u00f0 var reyndar \u00feessi vinstri stj\u00f3rn Steingr\u00edms sem kl\u00e1ra\u00f0i kerfisbreytinguna, sem Vi\u00f0reisnarstj\u00f3rnin skildi vi\u00f0 h\u00e1lfkara\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0 ger\u00f0ist me\u00f0 EES samningnum, sem var a\u00f0 mestu fullsaminn \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0 \u00feeirrar r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dea\u00f0 eru reyndar einhver mestu mist\u00f6k sem ger\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskum stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lum \u00feegar Frams\u00f3kn og Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubandalag hlupust undan \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 EES samningnum fyrir kosningar 1991. \u00dear me\u00f0 neyddu \u00feessir flokkar mig til a\u00f0 bjarga EES samningnum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 semja vi\u00f0 \u00edhaldi\u00f0; til a\u00f0 tryggja stu\u00f0ning Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokksins vi\u00f0 EES, sem hann haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 andv\u00edgur \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0u. En ver\u00f0i\u00f0 var a\u00f0 gera Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson a\u00f0 fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra. \u00dea\u00f0 var d\u00fdru ver\u00f0i keypt, eins og s\u00ed\u00f0ar kom \u00e1 daginn. Steingr\u00edmur vi\u00f0urkennir \u00feessi mist\u00f6k \u00ed \u00e6vis\u00f6gu sinni. Stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la\u00fer\u00f3un seinni \u00e1ratuga \u00e1 \u00cdslandi hef\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f6ll \u00f6nnur en var\u00f0 \u2013 ef ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fyrir \u00feessi mist\u00f6k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dea\u00f0 var um \u00feetta leyti sem J\u00f3hannes Nordal l\u00e9t af st\u00f6rfum sem Se\u00f0labankastj\u00f3ri eftir a\u00f0 hafa gegnt \u00fev\u00ed mikilv\u00e6ga starfi \u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ratug. Er hann \u00e1n\u00e6g\u00f0ur me\u00f0 \u00e1rangurinn? Bo\u00f0skapurinn var alla t\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00e1 sami: A\u00f0 standa v\u00f6r\u00f0 um st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika gjaldmi\u00f0ilsins og a\u00f0 skapa f\u00f3lki og fyrirt\u00e6kjum traust og fyrirsj\u00e1anlegt efnahagskerfi til framb\u00fa\u00f0ar. \u00c9g l\u00e6t lesandanum eftir a\u00f0 d\u00e6ma um hvernig til hefur tekist. En J\u00f3hannes getur \u00feakka\u00f0 s\u00ednum s\u00e6la fyrir, a\u00f0 hann ber enga \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 Hruninu, sem s\u00f3pa\u00f0i eftirm\u00f6nnum hans burt \u00far Se\u00f0labanka og stj\u00f3rnarr\u00e1\u00f0i, loksins \u00feegar n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjutilraun Eimrei\u00f0arkl\u00edkunnar me\u00f0 \u00cdsland brotlenti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lifa\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00f6ldinni, endurminningar J\u00f3hannesar Nordal, er \u00ferekvirki, enda \u00ferett\u00e1n \u00e1r \u00ed sm\u00ed\u00f0um. Sj\u00e1lfur er h\u00f6fundurinn a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast 100 \u00e1ra afm\u00e6li\u00f0. \u00deetta er stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la- og hagsaga \u00cdslands \u00e1 20stu \u00f6ld. Hva\u00f0 \u00e6tli J\u00f3hannes hafi lifa\u00f0 af marga fors\u00e6tis- og fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra \u00e1 sinni t\u00ed\u00f0? En alltaf bl\u00edfur J\u00f3hannes \u2013 okkar \u00fatg\u00e1fa af hinum mennta\u00f0a einvalda. Honum … Continue reading “J\u00d3HANNESARGU\u00d0SPJALL (hi\u00f0 n\u00fdja)”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3228"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3230,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3228\/revisions\/3230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}