{"id":3252,"date":"2024-03-17T11:21:22","date_gmt":"2024-03-17T11:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3252"},"modified":"2024-03-19T11:22:11","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T11:22:11","slug":"ojofnudur-andhverfa-lydraedis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3252","title":{"rendered":"\u00d3J\u00d6FNU\u00d0UR \u2013 ANDHVERFA L\u00dd\u00d0R\u00c6\u00d0IS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Eftir J\u00f3n Baldvin Hannibalsson<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>THOMAS PIKETTY, <\/strong>franski hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn v\u00ed\u00f0fr\u00e6gi, hefur svara\u00f0 spurningunni: Hvers vegna hefur hinn hnattv\u00e6ddi kapitalismi valdi\u00f0 s\u00edvaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i innan hinna \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u samf\u00e9laga samt\u00edmans? Hann hefur birt ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar \u00ed tveimur \u00f6ndvegisritum: <em>Capital in the 21st Century &nbsp;<\/em>og<em> Capital and ideology. <\/em>Hann og samstarfsmenn hans hafa rannsaka\u00f0 fjallh\u00e1a bunka af uppl\u00fdsingum um efni\u00f0,sem leynast \u00ed hagt\u00f6lum hinna \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u r\u00edkja Evr\u00f3pu og Amer\u00edku seinustu tv\u00e6r aldir. Svari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed eftirfarandi j\u00f6fnu:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;r &gt; g<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00ed m\u00e6ltu m\u00e1li: Fj\u00e1rmagnstekjur \u2013 hagna\u00f0ur, ar\u00f0ur,&nbsp; vextir, leigutekjur o.s.frv. eru h\u00e6rri en hagv\u00f6xtur til lengri t\u00edma. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir, a\u00f0 kapitalisminn hefur innbygg\u00f0a tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 safna au\u00f0i \u00e1 f\u00e1ar hendur. Sta\u00f0reyndir s\u00fdna, a\u00f0 sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun au\u00f0s og fj\u00e1rmagnstekna&nbsp; \u00ed h\u00f6ndum f\u00e1mennrar el\u00edtu fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda hefur aftur n\u00e1\u00f0 himinh\u00e6\u00f0um til jafns vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem var upp \u00far fyrra str\u00ed\u00f0i, \u00ed a\u00f0draganda heimskreppunnar miklu milli 1930-40. \u00deetta hefur gerst \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar valdat\u00f6ku Reagans\/Thatchers um 1980, \u00e1&nbsp; t\u00edmabili n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjunnar, sem kennd er vi\u00f0 Hayek\/Friedman. \u00c1 \u00feessu t\u00edmabili leysti n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjan hi\u00f0 f\u00e9lagslega marka\u00f0skerfi af h\u00f3lmi, en gull\u00f6ld \u00feess var upp \u00far seinna str\u00ed\u00f0i fram undir 1980. \u00dea\u00f0 var l\u00edka gull\u00f6ld jafna\u00f0arstefnunnar, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00edfskj\u00f6r almennings f\u00f3ru \u00f6rt batnandi, hagv\u00f6xtur var \u00f6r, kreppur heyr\u00f0u til undantekninga og j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur eigna- og tekjuskiptingar f\u00f3r vaxandi.<\/p>\n\n<!-- \/wp:post-content -->\n<!-- wp:more {\"customText\":\"Lesa meira\"} -->\n<!--more Lesa meira-->\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>VEGV\u00cdSAR \u00d3J\u00d6FNU\u00d0AR<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u00e9r ver\u00f0a nefndir til s\u00f6gunnar fimm vegv\u00edsar, sem sk\u00fdra hvers vegna \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur hefur fari\u00f0 hra\u00f0vaxandi \u00e1 \u00feessu t\u00edmabili:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><\/strong><strong>SKAMMT\u00cdMAAR\u00d0UR. <\/strong>\u00c1ri\u00f0 1996 fengu tveir bandar\u00edskir hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar N\u00f3belsver\u00f0launin fyrir n\u00fdst\u00e1rlega hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ikenningu. Samkv\u00e6mt henni \u00e6tti eina markmi\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3ra fyrirt\u00e6kja vera a\u00f0 h\u00e1marka ar\u00f0 hluthafa. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri jafnframt eini r\u00e9ttm\u00e6ti m\u00e6likvar\u00f0inn \u00e1 starfs\u00e1rangur \u00feeirra. H\u00e6kkandi ver\u00f0gildi (e. value) hlutabr\u00e9fa og \u00e1rsfj\u00f3r\u00f0ungslegur ar\u00f0ur huthafa v\u00e6ri \u00ed senn markmi\u00f0 og m\u00e6likvar\u00f0i \u00e1 starfs\u00e1rangur. Ekkert anna\u00f0.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00dear me\u00f0 var h\u00f6fu\u00f0\u00e1hersla l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 skammt\u00edmafrj\u00e1rfestingar, sem skilu\u00f0u skj\u00f3tum ar\u00f0i. Langt\u00edmafj\u00e1rfestingar s\u00e1tu \u00e1 hakanum.&nbsp; Skammt\u00edmabrask me\u00f0 hlutabr\u00e9f og ve\u00f0trygg\u00f0ar fasteignir var\u00f0 meginvi\u00f0fangsefni fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnana. Hllutabr\u00e9fakaup \u00ed eigin fyrirt\u00e6kjum, oft fyrir l\u00e1nsf\u00e9 (til a\u00f0 halda uppi ver\u00f0i hlutabr\u00e9fa) og fjandsamleg yfirtaka keppinauta&nbsp; ur\u00f0u \u00e6r og k\u00fdr forstj\u00f3ranna \u00ed \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last r\u00e1\u00f0andi marka\u00f0sst\u00f6\u00f0u. Einokun og f\u00e1keppni ur\u00f0u \u00e6 algengari. Laun forstj\u00f3ra og fr\u00ed\u00f0indi ruku upp \u00far \u00f6llu valdi og skapandi b\u00f3khald var\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6k fr\u00e6\u00f0igrein. Skv. OECD voru me\u00f0allaun forstj\u00f3ra helstu au\u00f0hringa \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum 42 sinnum me\u00f0allaun laun\u00feega \u00e1ri\u00f0 1980. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2016 var bili\u00f0 milli launamannsins og forstj\u00f3rans or\u00f0i\u00f0 1:347.&nbsp; Gr\u00e6\u00f0gin f\u00f3r offari. Skv. s\u00f6mu heimild \u00e1tti 1% hinna r\u00edkustu \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum 40% af \u00f6llum fj\u00e1rhagslegum eignum. \u00cd Bandar\u00edkjunum hafa framl\u00f6g fyrirt\u00e6kja til frambj\u00f3\u00f0enda og flokka fimmtugfaldast fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur \u00farskur\u00f0a\u00f0i a\u00f0 sl\u00edk framl\u00f6g heyr\u00f0u undir m\u00e1lfrelsis\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nnar. L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 er b\u00e6\u00f0i falt og m\u00fdlt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><\/strong><strong>FORR\u00c6\u00d0I FJ\u00c1RM\u00c1LAGEIRANS. <\/strong>Fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lageirinn \u00f3x raunhagkerfinu yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0. \u00cd kreppunni miklu (1930-40<strong>) <\/strong>innleiddu r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir r\u00edkis\u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 innist\u00e6\u00f0um sparifj\u00e1reigenda til a\u00f0 for\u00f0a \u00e1hlaupi \u00e1 banka. \u00dea\u00f0 h\u00e9lt \u00e1fram, \u00fe\u00f3tt bankar yr\u00f0u \u00ed vaxandi m\u00e6li \u00e1h\u00e6ttus\u00e6knir og skuldsettir \u00ed leit sinni a\u00f0 skyndigr\u00f3\u00f0a. Meginhluti \u00fatl\u00e1na banka var \u00ed ver\u00f0br\u00e9fabraski og \u00e1 fasteignam\u00f6rku\u00f0um til a\u00f0 h\u00e1marka skammt\u00edmagr\u00f3\u00f0a hlutabr\u00e9faeigenda. Langt\u00edmafj\u00e1rfestingar s\u00e1tu \u00e1 hakanum. Innvi\u00f0ir voru vanr\u00e6ktir. \u00dea\u00f0 dr\u00f3 \u00far hagvexti og framlei\u00f0ni. Kaupm\u00e1ttur launa sta\u00f0na\u00f0i e\u00f0a minnka\u00f0i. Fasteignabraski\u00f0 leiddi til b\u00f3luhagkerfis \u00e1 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0ism\u00f6rku\u00f0um helstu borga.&nbsp; Allt leiddi \u00feetta til bankahrunsins 2008-2009, og hins \u201eglata\u00f0a \u00e1ratugar\u201c \u00e1 evrusv\u00e6\u00f0inu.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><\/strong><strong>AR\u00d0R\u00c1NSKAPITALISMI.&nbsp; <\/strong>Gott d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 fyrirb\u00e6ri er, \u00feegar&nbsp; a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 au\u00f0lindum \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign er veittur \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 eigandinn f\u00e1i leigu\/ar\u00f0 af n\u00fdtingu eignarinnar. N\u00faverandi fiskvei\u00f0istj\u00f3rnarkerfi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi er gott d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0. Svartar sk\u00fdrslur um \u00f3gnv\u00e6nlegt \u00e1stand fiskistofna vegna ofvei\u00f0i leiddi til \u00feess, a\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 frj\u00e1lsrar s\u00f3knar t\u00f3k r\u00edki\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00fathlutun vei\u00f0iheimilda. Vei\u00f0iheimildirnar voru upphaflega veittar t\u00edmabundi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1verandi \u00fager\u00f0arm\u00f6nnum. \u00de\u00f3tt l\u00f6g kve\u00f0i \u00e1 um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0areign au\u00f0lindarinnar, f\u00e9kk eigandinn enga leigu\/ar\u00f0 af eign sinni umfram kostna\u00f0 af \u00fej\u00f3nustu vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1var\u00fatveginn.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vei\u00f0iheimildirnar, sem eru mj\u00f6g f\u00e9m\u00e6tar, eru me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0ar sem einkaeign \u00fatger\u00f0ara\u00f0ila: \u00de\u00e6r ganga kaupum og s\u00f6lum, eru ve\u00f0settar, arfleiddar o.s. frv.Kerfi\u00f0 hefur \u00e1ratugum saman mala\u00f0 einkaleyfish\u00f6fum vei\u00f0iheimildanna gull \u00ed skj\u00f3li p\u00f3lit\u00edsks valds.Fj\u00e1rhagsvald einkaleyfishafanna er \u00far \u00f6llu h\u00f3fi, mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 st\u00e6r\u00f0 hagkerfisins, til kaupa \u00e1 fyrirt\u00e6kjum \u00ed \u00f3skyldum greinum, til kaupa \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskum \u00e1hrifum, fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum, kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mum og stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laflokkum. \u00deetta er bein \u00f3gn vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed landinu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Samanbur\u00f0urinn vi\u00f0 Noreg segir allt sem segja \u00fearf. Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0&nbsp; ol\u00eda og gas fannst \u00ed norskri l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu upp \u00far 1970 hafa norsk stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u201e<strong>au\u00f0lindarentuna<\/strong>\u201c ganga a\u00f0 mestu \u00ed s\u00e9rstakan \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arsj\u00f3\u00f0, sem n\u00fa er einhver \u00f6flugasti fj\u00e1rfestingasj\u00f3\u00f0ur \u00ed heimi &#8211;&nbsp; og Noregur skuldlaust land. Au\u00f0lindastefna Nor\u00f0manna er til fyrirmyndar \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><\/strong><strong>SKATTSVIK<\/strong>. Fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legir au\u00f0hringir r\u00e1\u00f0a l\u00f6gum og lofum \u00ed heimshagkerfinu. Margir \u00feeirra r\u00e1\u00f0a frambo\u00f0ske\u00f0junni (e. supply chain), allt fr\u00e1 au\u00f0lindan\u00fdtingu e\u00f0a&nbsp; hr\u00e1efnis\u00f6flun til sm\u00e1s\u00f6ludreifingar.&nbsp; \u00cd hnattv\u00e6ddum heimi eru \u00feessir au\u00f0hringar ekki lengur heitbundnir <em>\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkinu.<\/em> \u00dea\u00f0 er alsi\u00f0a, a\u00f0 \u00feeir skr\u00e1 a\u00f0alst\u00f6\u00f0var (og \u00fear me\u00f0 skattskyldu) \u00ed <em>skattaparad\u00edsum<\/em> og efna \u00fear me\u00f0 til samkeppni <em>&nbsp;ni\u00f0ur- \u00e1- vi\u00f0 &nbsp;<\/em>\u00ed sk\u00f6ttum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0r\u00edkja. Svo rammt kve\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00feessu, a\u00f0 margir fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legir au\u00f0hringir grei\u00f0a enga skatta \u00ed heimal\u00f6ndum s\u00ednum. \u00deetta er a\u00f0f\u00f6r a\u00f0 velfer\u00f0arr\u00edkjum samt\u00edmans. Sem og a\u00f0f\u00f6r a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkinu, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 allir eiga a\u00f0 vera jafnir fyrir l\u00f6gunum. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki svo \u00ed landi hans h\u00e1tignar Karls Bretak\u00f3ngs: \u00deri\u00f0jungur af erf\u00f0aau\u00f0i bresku yfirst\u00e9ttarinnar er skr\u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed skattaparad\u00edsum. Biden Bandar\u00edkjaforseti sannf\u00e6r\u00f0i G-20- r\u00edkjah\u00f3pinn um a\u00f0 taka upp 15% l\u00e1gmarksskatt til r\u00edkja, \u00fear sem starfsemin fer raunverulega fram.&nbsp; Um 130 r\u00edki hafa sam\u00feykkt skattinn, \u00fe\u00f3tt of snemmt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 sp\u00e1 fyrir um \u00e1rangurinn. <strong>Hefur \u00cdsland innleitt skattinn?<\/strong><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n<p> <\/p>\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><\/strong><strong>VINNUMARKA\u00d0SP\u00d3LIT\u00cdK.<\/strong> Fj\u00e1rmagni\u00f0 er al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt, en vinnan er (a\u00f0 mestu) sta\u00f0bundin (e. local). Eitt af einkennum hnattv\u00e6\u00f0ingarinnar hefur veri\u00f0 <em>af-i\u00f0nv\u00e6\u00f0ing<\/em> margra i\u00f0nv\u00e6ddra r\u00edkja, \u00fe.m.t. Bandar\u00edkjanna og Bretlands. I\u00f0na\u00f0arframlei\u00f0sla hefur flust \u00far landi til l\u00e1glaunasv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3unarr\u00edkjum, \u00ed fyrstu a\u00f0allega til K\u00edna. Tali\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin hafi af \u00feessum s\u00f6kum tapa\u00f0 um 2,5 millj\u00f3num starfa til K\u00edna og 1.5 millj\u00f3nir starfa til annarra landa \u2013 e\u00f0a vegna t\u00e6kni\u00fer\u00f3unar (e. automation). Heilu fylkin \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum og n\u00e1mu- og i\u00f0na\u00f0arh\u00e9ru\u00f0 Bretlands standa eftir me\u00f0 svi\u00f0na j\u00f6r\u00f0. R\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir \u00feessara landa hafa ekki brug\u00f0ist vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00fdnilegum \u00e1rangri. F\u00f3lkinu sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 hefur fyrir bar\u00f0inu \u00e1 \u00feessari \u00fer\u00f3un finnst \u00fea\u00f0 vera vanr\u00e6kt og yfirgefi\u00f0. Hefndin er Trump. Aflei\u00f0ingarnar geta or\u00f0i\u00f0 h\u00e1skalegar fyrir <strong>NATO<\/strong> og \u00fear af lei\u00f0andi fyrir <strong>Evr\u00f3pu<\/strong> og <strong>\u00dakra\u00ednu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Anna\u00f0 au\u00f0kenni \u00feessarar \u00fer\u00f3unar l\u00fdsir s\u00e9r \u00ed hnignun verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingarinnar. Hlutfall laun\u00feega \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i, sem nj\u00f3ta verndar verkal\u00fd\u00f0sf\u00e9laga, hefur snarl\u00e6kka\u00f0. \u00deetta hefur veikt samningsst\u00f6\u00f0u laun\u00feega. Launah\u00e6kkanir eru ekki lengur \u00ed takt vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0niaukningu. Aflei\u00f0ingin er st\u00f6\u00f0nun kaupm\u00e1ttar. N\u00fd undirst\u00e9tt er \u00ed gerjun, sem n\u00fdtur hvorki l\u00e1gmarksr\u00e9ttinda n\u00e9 starfs\u00f6ryggis \u2013 n\u00fd \u00f6reigast\u00e9tt mitt \u00ed allsn\u00e6gtunum (e. precariat). Vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 Dana vi\u00f0 \u00feessari \u00fer\u00f3un v\u00f6ktu heimsathygli. \u00deeir s\u00fdndu, a\u00f0 unnt er a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 breytingum af \u00feessu tagi me\u00f0 virkri vinnumarka\u00f0sp\u00f3lit\u00edk. \u00deeir kv\u00f6ddu saman atvinnurekendur, verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfingu og akadem\u00edu og skipul\u00f6g\u00f0u starfs\u00fej\u00e1lfun til undirb\u00fanings n\u00fdjum st\u00f6rfum&nbsp; \u00ed t\u00e6knigreinum. \u00deeir k\u00f6llu\u00f0u a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlun s\u00edna <em>flexicure .<\/em> H\u00fan skila\u00f0i til\u00e6tlu\u00f0um \u00e1rangri.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u00d3BEISLA\u00d0 MARKA\u00d0SKERFI&nbsp; &#8211; \u00d3GN VI\u00d0 L\u00dd\u00d0R\u00c6\u00d0I\u00d0<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er kominn t\u00edmi til a\u00f0 lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta \u00feann \u00fatbreidda misskilning, a\u00f0 <em>marka\u00f0ir<\/em> og <em>hi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega r\u00edkisvald<\/em> s\u00e9u andst\u00e6\u00f0ir p\u00f3lar. Marka\u00f0ir eru ger\u00f0ir af manna h\u00f6ndum. Sta\u00f0reyndin er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 virkir samkeppnismarka\u00f0ir \u00fer\u00edfast ekki nema \u00ed skj\u00f3li \u00f6flugs r\u00edkisvalds. \u00dear sem r\u00edkisvald er veikt, fara marka\u00f0ir gjarnan \u00far skor\u00f0um. Ef marka\u00f0ir eru l\u00e1tnir afskiptalausir, hafa \u00feeir tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 fara sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r a\u00f0 vo\u00f0a:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Fyrst<\/strong> me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legir au\u00f0hringir reyna a\u00f0 n\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0andi marka\u00f0sst\u00f6\u00f0u \u2013&nbsp; einokun e\u00f0a f\u00e1keppni.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi<\/strong> hafa marka\u00f0ir innbygg\u00f0a tilhneigingu til sam\u00fej\u00f6ppunar au\u00f0s \u00ed hendur f\u00e1mennrar el\u00edtu fj\u00e1rmagnseigenda.&nbsp; \u00deess vegna er \u00f6flug verkal\u00fd\u00f0shreyfing nau\u00f0synlegt and\u00f3fsafl&nbsp; (e.countervailing power).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u00cd \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi<\/strong> er sagan \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ur vitnisbur\u00f0ur um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00e1n r\u00edkisafskipta hafa marka\u00f0ir innbygg\u00f0a tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 brotlenda \u00ed fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppum.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Marka\u00f0ir eru ekki sj\u00e1lf-lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttandi. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 virkir samkeppnismarka\u00f0ir \u00feurfa beinl\u00ednis \u00e1 afskiptum hins l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega r\u00edkisvalds og eftirliti a\u00f0 halda.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u00d6FUGM\u00c6LI ALDARINNAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>RONALD REAGAN<\/strong>, Bandar\u00edkjaforseti sag\u00f0i eitt sinn \u00ed frambo\u00f0sr\u00e6\u00f0u, sem fr\u00e6gt er or\u00f0i\u00f0: \u201eN\u00edu h\u00e6ttulegustu or\u00f0 enskrar tungu eru \u00feessi: \u201e\u00c9g er fr\u00e1 r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rninni og \u00e9g er h\u00e9r til a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa\u201c. Hann renndi ekki \u00ed grun \u00fe\u00e1 (1980), a\u00f0 n\u00fdfrj\u00e1lshyggjut\u00edmabili\u00f0, sem hann innleiddi, myndi brotlenda \u00ed allsherjar hruni,sem framkalla\u00f0i <em>d\u00fdrasta bj\u00f6rgunarlei\u00f0angur r\u00edkisins (skattgrei\u00f0enda),&nbsp; sem sagan kann fr\u00e1 a\u00f0&nbsp; greina.<\/em> Reikningurinn hlj\u00f3\u00f0a\u00f0i upp \u00e1 m\u00f6rg hundru\u00f0 milljar\u00f0a dollara. \u00dea\u00f0 var\u00f0 marka\u00f0sbrestur. Marka\u00f0urinn lei\u00f0r\u00e9tti sig ekki sj\u00e1lfur. R\u00edki\u00f0 var\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma og hj\u00e1lpa. Reynslan s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 marka\u00f0skerfi \u2013 \u00e1n afskipta r\u00edkisins \u2013 fulln\u00e6gir ekki v\u00e6ntingum f\u00f3lks um almenna vels\u00e6ld <em>\u00f6llum til handa<\/em>, hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 heldur kr\u00f6fum um <em>f\u00e9lagslegt \u00f6ryggi<\/em> \u00e1 miklum breytingart\u00edmum. Til \u00feess \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 halda f\u00e9lagslegu marka\u00f0skerfi. \u00dev\u00ed er best l\u00fdst me\u00f0 or\u00f0um pr\u00f3fessors Acemoglu:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201e<strong>F\u00e9lagslegt marka\u00f0skerfi hemur <em>\u00f6fga <\/em>marka\u00f0arins, dregur \u00far \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i og stendur v\u00f6r\u00f0 um afkomu \u00feeirra sem minnst mega s\u00edn&#8230;\u00ed f\u00e1um or\u00f0um sagt:<\/strong> <strong>Hi\u00f0 evr\u00f3pska \u201esocial-democracy\u201c er kerfi sem n\u00fdtir kosti marka\u00f0arins \u00fear sem \u00feeir nj\u00f3ta s\u00edn; \u00fatilokar ekki marka\u00f0skerfi\u00f0 en b\u00e6gir burt \u00f6fgum \u00feess.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Hi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega r\u00edkisvald \u00fearf a\u00f0 n\u00e1 aftur v\u00f6ldum.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum l\u00e6rt af fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppunni 2007-08 og af heimsfaraldrinum (Covid-19). Vi\u00f0 lifum \u00e1 stormas\u00f6mum t\u00edmum. Vi\u00f0 erum st\u00f6dd \u00ed mi\u00f0ri t\u00e6knibyltingu sem er a\u00f0 breyta l\u00edfsskilyr\u00f0um okkar \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>AI<\/strong> \u2013 gervigreindin \u2013 mun samkv\u00e6mt heimildum \u00feeirra sem gerst \u00feekkja til \u00fatr\u00fdma helmingi n\u00faverandi starfa \u00ed n\u00e1inni framt\u00ed\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 getum slegi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f6stu a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem eiga og r\u00e1\u00f0a v\u00e9lmennunum munu sanka a\u00f0 s\u00e9r miklum au\u00f0i \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og fj\u00f6ldi vinnandi f\u00f3lks mun missa st\u00f6rf s\u00edn. \u00deessu til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar st\u00f6ndum vi\u00f0 frammi fyrir <em>loftslagsv\u00e1nni<\/em>. Vi\u00f0 vitum fyrir v\u00edst a\u00f0 umskiptin fr\u00e1 mengandi jar\u00f0efnaeldsneytis til gr\u00e6nnar orku mun ekki gerast <em>\u00e1n afskipta r\u00edkisins<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Einn hinna ann\u00e1lu\u00f0u hugsu\u00f0a \u201eNew Deal\u201c Roosevelts Bandar\u00edkjaforseta, sem bjarga\u00f0i okkur fr\u00e1 heimskreppunni (1929-40), h\u00e6star\u00e9ttard\u00f3marinn <strong>Brandeis, <\/strong>komst eitt sinn svo a\u00f0 or\u00f0i: \u201eVi\u00f0 getum haft sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun au\u00f0s \u00ed h\u00f6ndum hinna f\u00e1u <strong>e\u00f0a <\/strong>vi\u00f0 getum b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i &#8211; <strong>&nbsp;en<\/strong> vi\u00f0 getum ekki b\u00e6\u00f0i sleppt og haldi\u00f0 og b\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hvort tveggja \u00ed senn.\u201c<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00deetta er hverju or\u00f0i sannara enn \u00ed dag.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(<em>H\u00f6fundur<\/em> <em>var fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra og r\u00e1\u00f0herra utanr\u00edkism\u00e1la \u00cdslands 1987-95)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eftir J\u00f3n Baldvin Hannibalsson THOMAS PIKETTY, franski hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn v\u00ed\u00f0fr\u00e6gi, hefur svara\u00f0 spurningunni: Hvers vegna hefur hinn hnattv\u00e6ddi kapitalismi valdi\u00f0 s\u00edvaxandi \u00f3j\u00f6fnu\u00f0i innan hinna \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0u samf\u00e9laga samt\u00edmans? Hann hefur birt ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar \u00ed tveimur \u00f6ndvegisritum: Capital in the 21st Century &nbsp;og Capital and ideology. Hann og samstarfsmenn hans hafa rannsaka\u00f0 fjallh\u00e1a bunka af uppl\u00fdsingum um efni\u00f0,sem leynast &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/jbh.is\/?p=3252\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\u00d3J\u00d6FNU\u00d0UR \u2013 ANDHVERFA L\u00dd\u00d0R\u00c6\u00d0IS&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allar_greinar","category-greinar_og_vidtol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3252"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3254,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3252\/revisions\/3254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jbh.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}